3. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - All submissions
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Item Formative research for enhancing interventions to prevent violence against women: men's perceptions in Diepsloot, South Africa(2018) Akibu, TosinBackground Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a global epidemic. Around the world, the range for lifetime prevalence among women of physical and sexual violence is 15%-71%. Lifetime prevalence of domestic violence has been reported as 48% in Africa. Prevalence of IPV against women is high in South Africa with an approximate 45% of men reporting perpetration of violence, 27.6 per cent of men having forced a woman to have sex against her will and 24.3% of men having perpetrated IPV more than once. This research was conducted to probe men’s perception of intimate partner violence and what factors may exacerbate it. Methods Twenty-one participants were purposively sampled and participated in In-depth interviews (IDIs). The IDIs were used to better understand the perceptions of men about masculinity, power dynamics, unequal gender norms and violence in intimate relationships. The IDIs were also used to explore perceptions of men living in Diepsloot of IPV and how peri-urban contexts as well as impoverished or informal settlements contribute towards men's use of violence against women. In addition, I aimed to probe the relationship between social constructs such as hegemonic masculinities, power dynamics, gender norms and intimate partner violence perpetration. This study was approached using an interpretive research technique through qualitative methods. A thematic inductive and deductive coding framework of themes was applied to the entire database. Results Gang violence, communal upheavals and crime were prominent perceptions during the discussions. Findings demonstrate that the men in Diepsloot consider their involvement in neighbourhood violence as prominent reasons for IPV perpetration. Socioeconomic factors such as unemployment, poor living conditions characteristic of Diepsloot, alcohol use contribute to high rates of communal forms of violence and these also relate to the perpetration of intimate partner violence. Conclusion Findings of this study depict reasons for perpetrating IPV as multi-sectoral, cutting across several spheres of men’s influence. It is therefore expedient to employ a combination of interventions to address IPV perpetration.Item Intimate partner violence at a tertiary institution(2017) Spencer, KalliBackground. Intimate partner violence (IPV) is actual or threatened physical, sexual, psychological, emotional or stalking abuse by an intimate partner. Despite the high prevalence of IPV in South Africa (SA), there is a paucity of data on university students training in fields where they are likely to have to manage such events in the future. Objectives. To ascertain the prevalence of IPV in an SA tertiary institution population with a diverse demographic profile. Methods. Students from the faculty of health sciences and the faculty of humanities, social work department completed an anonymous questionnaire. Students were made aware of psychological counselling available to them. Results. Responses were obtained from 1 354 of 1 593 students (85.0%) (67.8% female, 45.9% black, 32.7% white, 16.6% Indian, 4.8% coloured). Of the respondents, 53.0% indicated that they were in a relationship. The prevalence of any type of IPV (sexual, physical or emotional abuse) among all respondents was 42.6%. Emotional abuse was reported by 54.9% of respondents, physical abuse by 20.0% and sexual abuse by 8.9%. Thirty-five females (6.5% of respondents who had suffered IPV) indicated that they had been emotionally, physically and sexually abused. Fourteen percent identified themselves as perpetrators of abuse, but only three perpetrators of sexual abuse reported having also been victims of sexual abuse. Most respondents (58.7%) knew where to get help. Conclusion. The extent of IPV among the medical and social work students sampled was found to be unacceptably high, both as victims and as perpetrators. As a result of their exposure to IPV, these individuals may have difficulty in managing patients who have been subjected to abuse.Item Knowledge attitudes and practices of emergency care practitioners towards intimate partner violence(2016) Hindle, Lucy ElizabethObjective Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant social and health concern in South Africa, with far reaching consequences. One in three South African women will experience IPV, and many of the survivors of IPV will have contact with Emergency Care Practitioners (ECPs), either for treatment related to the direct sequelae of the abuse or for other health issues. ECPs already play a role in identifying and managing IPV but current knowledge, attitudes and practices were not known. The aim of the study therefore was to describe current levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding IPV amongst ECPs, including doctors, nurses and paramedics in South Africa and to describe differences according to the respondent's reported prior training and profession. Methods A prospective, cross sectional study was performed using an online survey administered anonymously to ECPs in South Africa. Information regarding demographic data, qualification, prior IPV training, knowledge, attitudes and practices towards IPV were obtained. Results One hundred and fifty three respondents completed the survey. Of those 56% were doctors, 33% paramedics and 9.8% nurses. In total 65% reporting having received no training on IPV. There was a significant association between respondents reporting having received any IPV training and improved self-reported knowledge (p=0.0001), and actual knowledge (p=0.011). Of the respondents in clinical practice 75% had diagnosed IPV in the last six months, although the frequency of diagnoses being made is lower than would be suggested by the South African prevalence rates. Those respondents who reported any prior training on IPV were more likely to have diagnosed IPV in the last 6 months (p= 0.0076) Most of the ECPs who diagnosed IPV counselled the patients on options and/or referred to police and/or social workers. Conclusion Although ECPs are diagnosing and managing IPV, training in this important health concern is inadequate. Any reported training on IPV for ECPs improves self-reported knowledge, actual knowledge and practices regarding IPV.