This study is a predominantly retrospective analysis of patients in Johannesburg who presented with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus at 12 years of age or older. Johannesburg is situated at high altitude and has a high level of ultraviolet light irradiation/ a known exacerbating factor of the disease. This study draws comparisons with reported disease characteristics of lupus patients elsewhere in the world. In addition/ it examines differences in the clinical manifestations of the disease amongst the principle South African racial groups.
