3. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - All submissions
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/45
Browse
2 results
Search Results
Item Effects of S-ALLYL-L-cysteine on high-fructose diet-induced neonatal metabolic programming in wistar rats(2017) Lembede, Busisani WisemanThe consumption of fructose during the perinatal period programmes for increased susceptibility to developing metabolic derangements immediately in childhood or later in adulthood. S-allyl-cysteine (SAC), a phytochemical constituent of garlic, has antioxidant, antidiabetic and antihyperlipidaemic properties. We hypothesised that neonatal orally administered SAC could protect against the development of high-fructose diet-induced metabolic derangements in both early and adult life. The study was undertaken in two major experiments. In the first experiment, the potential of neonatal oral administration of SAC to protect against acute metabolic derangements induced by high-fructose diet consumption in early-life was investigated. Sixty-four suckling (male = 32; female = 32) 4-day old Wistar rat pups were randomly allocated to and administered the following treatment regimens daily for 15 days: group I - 10 ml/kg distilled water (DH), group II - 10 ml/kg 20% fructose solution (FS), group III - 150 mg/kg body mass per day SAC, and group IV - (SAC + FS). On postnatal day 21 the pups’ blood cholesterol, glucose and triglyceride concentrations were determined. Immediately thereafter the pups were euthanised and tissues collected for analyses. Neonatal orally administered SAC significantly increased (p < 0.05) the plasma insulin concentration in male pups. The oral administration of a 20% FS decreased (p < 0.05) plasma insulin in the female pups. However, the anti-insulinotropic effect of a 20% FS in female rat pups was attenuated by orally administered SAC. Neonatal orally administered SAC showed insulinotropic effects in male rat pups and protected female rat pups against the anti-insulinotropic effect of a 20% FS. The second experiment investigated the potential of neonatal orally administered SAC to protect against high-fructose diet-induced metabolic derangements later in adulthood. One hundred and twenty-eight (males = 64; females = 64), 4-day old Wistar rat pups were randomly allocated to and administered treatment regimens as described for the first experiment. On postnatal day 21, the pups were weaned and allowed to grow on a standard rat chow (SRC) until postnatal day 56. The rats from each treatment regimen were then randomly split into two subgroups: one on a standard rat chow (SRC) and plain drinking water and another on SRC and 20% fructose drinking water and then subjected to these treatment regimens for eight weeks after which they were then euthanised and tissues collected for analyses. Neonatal orally administered 20% FS alone, programmed male and female rats to have increased (p < 0.05) liver lipid accretion in adulthood. The neonatal oral administration of SAC attenuated the programming of increased liver lipid accretion in adulthood induced by neonatal orally administered 20% FS. Thus neonatal oral administration of SAC could potentially protect against neonatal fructose consumption programming of fatty-liver related metabolic dysfunctions in adult life.Item Effect of dietary Terminalia sericea aqueous leaf extracts on high-fructose diet fed growing Wistar rats(2014) Lembede, Busisani WisemanSedentary lifestyles and poor dietary choices are the major cause of the global increase in the prevalence of obesity and metabolic dysfunction in children. The high cost and limited access to conventional drugs by poor communities make them depend on ethnomedicines. Terminalia sericea (T. sericea) contains phytochemicals that give its extracts hypolipidaemic and hypoglycaemic properties hence its use in ethnomedicine to treat diabetes mellitus. Using weanling Wistar rat pups fed a high fructose diet to model growing children exposed to high-sugar diets, this study sought to evaluate the effects of aqueous T. sericea leaf extracts on their growth performance, glucose homeostasis, visceral morphometry and their general health profile. Forty 21-day old male Wistar pups were randomly allocated to five treatment regimens. Each group had ad libitum access to a commercially supplied rat chow. Group 1 pups were given plain drinking water and plain gelatine cubes, group 2: 12% fructose solution and plain gelatine cubes, group 3: 12% fructose solution and gelatine cubes containing fenofibrate at a dosage of 100 mg.kg-1 per day, group 4: 12% fructose solution and gelatine cubes with a low dose (100 mg.kg-1 per day) of the T. sericea extract and group 5: 12% fructose solution and gelatine cubes with a high dose (400 mg.kg-1 per day) of the T. sericea extract. The pups were maintained on the regimens for 12 weeks after which they under went an oral glucose tolerance test. Fasting blood metabolite content was then determined after which the rats were killed and tissues collected for visceral morphometrical, linear growth and surrogate markers’ of health determinations. T. sericea extracts had no negative effect on growth performance (body mass and indexes of long bone growth) but rats given fenofibrate had lighter empty carcasses and shorter tibiae. vi The administration of T. sericea extracts neither improved glucose homeostasis nor caused derangement of glucose handling by rats given a high fructose diet following an oral glucose challenge. However, the administration of fenofibrate to rats given a high fructose diet resulted in decreased glucose handling following an oral glucose challenge. With the exception of the administration of fenofibrate which resulted in a significantly high (P < 0.05) fasting blood glucose concentration, treatment regimens had no effect on fasting blood glucose, triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations. Rats given fructose with either plain gelatine cubes or low T. sericea dose had significantly higher (P < 0.05) liver lipid content compared with the control treatment. Administration of T. sericea extracts to rats given a high fructose diet had no effect on the GIT, other abdominal viscera and markers of general health. The administration of fenofibrate to rats given a high fructose diet caused increased relative mass of GIT organs (stomach, small intestine and caecum), increased absolute mass of other viscera (liver and kidney); increased serum phosphorus and alkaline phosphatase concentration. Results from the study revealed that administration of a high dose of aqueous T. sericea leaf extracts has potent phytochemicals properties that has helped to prevent high fructose diet-induced deposition of fat in the in the liver (non-alcoholic fatty liver disease), without compromising growth, visceral morphometry and general health of growing Wistar rats.