School of Oral Health Sciences

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Start date: 2010End date: 2019

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    Systematic review of factors influencing oral healthrelated quality of life in children in Africa
    (2019-07-24) Kolisa Y; Yengopal V; Igumbor J; Nqcobo C
    Background: Oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) is influenced by cultural and societal context. Existing OHRQoL children measurement tools have been conceptualised in high-income countries. Probing whether the factors influencing OHRQoL are context-reliant in the African setting is necessary and is the purpose of the current review. Aim: To investigate if the factors influencing OHRQoL are context-reliant. Methods: Seven databases were searched using search terms (‘oral health’; and ‘quality of life’, ‘health-related quality of life’, ‘patient-reported outcomes’, ‘well-being’; and ‘child*’, ‘adolescents’, ‘teen*’, ‘youth’; and ‘determinants’, ‘factors’, ‘predictors’; and ‘oral health quality of life tools/instruments/scales’; and ‘Africa*’). Abstracts identified were exported to a reference software manager. Three of the authors used specific selection criteria to review, firstly, 307 abstracts and, secondly, 30 full papers. Data were extracted from these papers using a pre-designed data extraction form, after which quantitative synthesis of data was performed. Results: Key factors influencing OHRQoL followed an existing conceptual framework where environmental and individual factors in the form of socio-economic status (SES), area of residence and children psyche status, and the presence of any oral condition other than dental caries were reported among child populations in Africa. Conclusion: There is preliminary evidence to suggest an association between individual factors such as children’s psyche and oral problems, excluding dental caries, and environmental determinants such as area of residence and SES in children’s OHRQoL in African children. The finding that dental caries was not a key factor in child-oral health is unexpected. There seemed to be a contextual viewpoint underpinning the current OHRQoL frameworks and OHRQoL was context-reliant.
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    Comparative in vitro study of two tooth bleaching systems: colour change and enamel surface effects
    (2010-01-22T09:46:20Z) Grundlingh, Andries Adam
    This in vitro study compares tooth bleaching and consequences of tooth surface effects of Ozicure Oxygen Activator (O3, RSA) with Opalescence Quick (Ultradent, USA) tooth bleaching. One hundred and thirty six teeth (canines, incisors and premolars), which were caries free, had no surface defects and within the colour range 1M2 and 5M3. Teeth were randomly divided into the three experimental groups: Opalescence Quick, Ozicure Oxygen Activator and control. The three experimental groups received three treatments of one hour each over three consecutive days. Tooth colour was assessed using the VITAPAN 3D MASTER TOOTH GUIDE (VITA, Germany) and VITA Easyshade (VITA, Germany). A randomized block design was used to assess tooth colour change. A General Linear Models test for analysis of variance for a fractional design with significance set at P<0.05 was used. Both bleaching methods significantly lightened the teeth, visually (P<0.0001) and digitally (P= 0.013). Tooth colour change was seen after the first hour of tooth bleaching; thereafter there was little or no benefit. The tooth type played a significant role in tooth colour change (visually P=0.0416 and digitally P=0.004). The quality of the spectrophotometer may account for the different results found compared to the tooth guide. Scanning electron microscopy showed no effect of enamel loss following bleaching. Atomic force microscopy showed a 2.5 rougher enamel surface with Opalescence Quick.