ETD Collection

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://wiredspace.wits.ac.za/handle/10539/104


Please note: Digitised content is made available at the best possible quality range, taking into consideration file size and the condition of the original item. These restrictions may sometimes affect the quality of the final published item. For queries regarding content of ETD collection please contact IR specialists by email : IR specialists or Tel : 011 717 4652 / 1954

Follow the link below for important information about Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD)

Library Guide about ETD

Browse

Filters

20082

Settings

Subject: search.filters.subject.reconstruction

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    Somaliland: post-war nation-building and international relations, 1991-2006.
    (2008-06-09T09:01:20Z) Jhazbhay, M. Iqbal D.
    Abstract This thesis is intended to explore the international relations of emerging nation-building in the Somali coast, with particular reference to the un-recognised Republic of Somaliland in the north-western Horn of Africa region. This study focuses on the international relations of Somaliland’s international quest for recognition, linked to its own culturally-rooted internal reconciliatory post-war nation-building efforts. Informed by written as well as first-hand research interviews, particular focus is placed in this study on the interplay of internal and external forces in shaping a strategy by Somaliland’s elites for acquiring international recognition and national selfdetermination. These are placed within the broader regional and international context of attempts to resuscitate the Somali state, an endeavour offering a fitting assessment of different modalities of African nation-building within the greater Somali environment. In relative analytic terms, the competitive international relations of nation-building in Somaliland and state reconstitution in southern Somalia informs the underlying hypothesis of this thesis: Somaliland’s example as a study in the efficacy of the internally-driven, culturally-rooted ‘bottom-up’ approach to post-war nation-building and regional stability, and the implications this holds for prioritising reconciliation between indigenous traditions and modernity in achieving stability in nation-building. By contrast, the internationally-backed ‘top-down’ approach to reconstituting a Mogadishu-based Somali state remains elusive. Yet, the international status quo regarding the affording of diplomatic recognition to what are normally considered secessionist ‘break-away’ regions of internationally recognised states, complicates Somaliland’s culturally rooted ‘bottom-up’ modalities. It also challenges the African Union (AU) during the ‘good governance’ era of the New Partnership for Africa’s Development (NEPAD), a context within which Somaliland fits comfortably as a good citizen of the international community. The international relations of the Somaliland nation-building enterprise is approached from a ‘quadrilateral framework’ of interactive elements to the Somaliland experience: Reconciliation, Reconstruction, Religion and Recognition. This framework informs the four core chapters of the thesis.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    The palaeomagnetic significance of the Bushveld Complex and related 2 Ga magnetic rocks in ancient continental entities
    (2008-05-26T12:36:13Z) Letts, Shawn Andrew
    The Kaapvaal Craton was the scene of two major magmatic events around 2.0 Ga, namely the Bushveld Complex and the Phalaborwa Complex. Both complexes have been the subject of numerous palaeomagnetic studies during and prior to the 1980s. Despite these studies, systematic inconstancies for emplacement ages, in particular for the Bushveld Complex, have been found between the palaeomagnetic findings and well constrained ages. The greatest concern with the Bushveld Complex results are the large spread in pole positions previously determined for the different zones. This has been interpreted in prior studies to indicate that the Bushveld Complex was emplaced and cooled below the Curie temperature of magnetite over a time span of 50 my. The results obtained previously for the Phalaborwa Complex appear to be out of position (~16°) with respect to those for the Bushveld Complex. This is of concern because new geochronological data show that the Rustenburg Layered Suite of the Bushveld Complex was emplaced approximately 1 my after the Phalaborwa Complex. These inconsistencies have prompted the current re-investigation of the palaeomagnetic results for both the Bushveld Complex and the Phalaborwa Complex. New palaeomagnetic data collected from all zones of the Rustenburg Layered Suite from the Eastern, Northern and Western Lobes of the Bushveld Complex, yielded palaeomagnetic poles that eliminated the spread in the apparent polar wander path. This observation is in agreement with precise age data, constraining the time period of emplacement of the complex to ~ 6 my. Resulting beddingcorrected high blocking components from all zones produced better groupings, thereby supporting a primary magnetic signature and indicating that the complex was intruded in a near-horizontal position. Dual polarities identified within each zone of the complex and positive reversal tests have identified one of the oldest known reversals of the Earth’s magnetic field. iii Palaeomagnetic data from the Phalaborwa Complex have produced a pole position that is in close proximity to those obtained from the coeval Bushveld Complex. In an attempt to achieve a better understanding of tectonic events occurring in the Kaapvaal Craton a number of dual polarity dykes within the Bushvled and Phalaborwa Complexes were palaeomagnetic analysed. Results revealed that the acquired pole positions are in agreement with ~1.9 Ga dykes, indicating the possibility that the dykes occurring in both complexes are part of the same magmatic event. Palaeopoles generated during this study were used in refining the Kaapvaal Craton apparent polar wander path around 2.0 Ga, and in conjunction with other welldefined 2.0 Ga poles for the Kaapvaal Craton, a robust cratonic pole was produced that was used in Precambrian palaeographic reconstructions with emphasis on the postulated Vaalbara continent and the Columbia supercontinent. Palaeomagnetic reconstruction derived in this study has cast doubt on the existence of the Vaalbara continent at 2.0 Ga. Although, some support is given to the existence of the Columbia supercontinent at the same period.