ETD Collection

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Viridans Streptococci

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    Antibiotic resistance in viridans streptococci
    (1994) Potgieter, Elsa
    Viridans streptococci are aetiological agents of endocarditis, bacteraemia, dental caries and abscesses of the liver, brain and joints. Viridans streptococci had until recently generally been considered to be uniformly susceptible to antimicrobial agents active against Gram-positive cocci. The susceptibility of 211 viridans streptococci isolated from blood in South Africa between 1988-1991 to eight antimicrobial agents was determined. Thirty-eight percent of the isolates were found to be resistant to penicillin (MICs >0.25 /Mg/ml). Five Streptococcus mitis isolates exhibited increased (MIC 64 and 128 ^g/ml) or high-level (MIC >500 /Mg/ml) resistance to gentamicin. In vitro synergy between penicillin and gentamicin was not demonstrated with these isolates.
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    The emergence of penicillin resistance in nasopharyngeal and oral isolates of streptococcus pneumoniae and viridans streptococci following beta-lactam antibiotic exposure
    (1990-06-02) Van Den Berg, Ingrid Susan
    Increasing levels of penicillin-resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae and viridans streptococci are becoming a major cause for concern, particularly in South Africa. To investigate this problem 100 paediatric patients, admitted to Baragwanath Hospital during the period April to July 1988, were swabbed nasopharyngeally and orally. On admission 24 out of 53 (45%) pneumococcal carriers carried penicillin-resistant strains, while on discharge 33 strains out of 45 (73%) were penicillin-resistant (p = 0.003). The corresponding figures for high level penicillin-resistant strains were 7 out of 53 (13%) on admission to 20 out of 45 (44%) on discharge (p = 0.001). Treatment with 3-lactam antibiotics reduced the pneumococcal carriage rates by eliminating penicillin-susceptible strains while many children who were not carriers on admission became carriers of penicillin-resistant strains during hospitalisation. In the case of penicillin-resistant viridans streptococci in the oral cavity the use of 8-lactam antibiotics was accompanied by significant increases in both penicillin-resistant and high level resistant strains.