ETD Collection

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Subject: search.filters.subject.Land reform--Zimbabwe

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    Rethinking private property through Zimbabwe's land reform programme
    (2019) Murambwa, Edward
    This MA research report analyses the nature of private property using the backdrop of Zimbabwean land reform and a series of political theoretical arguments on private property. This research report analyses if (and if so, how) the fast track land reform process in Zimbabwe provides the basis or ground-spring for rethinking private property. It would have been quite easy to mount a defence of land reform in Zimbabwe based upon Marxist principles or those found amongst some versions of communal land ownership as espoused in various parts of Africa and beyond. What marks out this research report’s approach is that it takes two doyens of liberal political philosophy – John Locke and Robert Nozick – and shows that the refined position of the latter, most often used to defend private property, amongst other rights, constitutes in fact a basis for justifying land reform in Zimbabwe. By examining the knowledge and being sensitive to the way land reform has been politicised and corrupted on the ground in Zimbabwe, this liberal justification for land reform ends up producing a much more forceful justification for land reform, by means of rethinking private property than an ‘external’ justification may have produced. Somewhat amazingly, there even seems to be evidence that versions of Nozick’s position were in fact mobilised by ZANU PF. Considering the consequences produced by the Fast Track Land Reform Programme in Zimbabwe, this paper adopts the position that discussions around private property needs to be determined not by natural rights, human rights or by things that are above politics but by a consequentialism informed analysis of needs. This position offers a holistic account of property and in a way, progressive.
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    The fast track land reform programme (FTLRP) and the youth in Umguza district, Matabeleland North: Zimbabwe
    (2018) Nyamupingidza, Mandlenkosi Taurayi
    The Fast Track Land reform Programme (FTLRP) in Zimabwe is a contentious issue particularly with regards to beneficiaries. However not much is understood about the impact of the FTLRP on the youth as literature has often failed to investigate the challenges that youth have in accessing land, particularly in Matabeleland North. This is troubling considering that Zimbabwe is a youthful country with a high unemployment rate. The research investigated whether the youth accessed land, the means they used and the livelihoods that they developed. The research was qualitative with Umguza District utilised as a case study. The data collection methods used were in-depth interviews and observation. The sample comprised of twenty individuals who were between 18-35 years during the FTLRP. Data collected from the interviewees and observation was analysed using Thematic Content Analysis. The findings of the study revealed that few young people in particular women accessed land with those that accessed land under-capacitated which led to under-utilisation of the land. Lack of resources negatively affected the livelihoods that the youth developed during and after the FTLRP. This means that the FTLRP has largely failed to be a vehicle outside traditional means that young people can access and utilise land for sustainable livelihoods.
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    Implementation of land reform policies on model A1 farms in Zimbabwe
    (2017) Moyo, Collen
    The government of Zimbabwe embarked on a land redistribution programme at the turn of the twentieth century. The programme has been mired in controversy which has culminated in polarisation. The major objective of the land redistribution was to redress historical imbalances and to increase food security by increasing access to fertile and arable land to indigenous people. Due to lack of policy clarity and consensus, the programme has so far been a huge failure. This study sought to interrogate the policy implementation and how this had impacted on productivity on the A1 model of farming in Zimbabwe. Results showed that the programme was adversely affected by lack of political will and lack of policy clarity while it was clogged with political interference. The government had failed to provide sustainable funding to enhance productivity. This had led to despondency among civil servants and beneficiaries of the land reform programme. There is ineffective implementation of policy due to factors such as lack of experienced personnel and unavailability of funding. Polarisation has seen other key stakeholders shunning this programme. Under the prevailing socio-political environment, this programme is set to be an outright failure to enhance food security sustainability. The study unpacked valuable impediments which inevitably, were drivers of poor attainment of the objectives of model A1 farming in Zimbabwe.
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    Adaptive strategies employed in circumventing the effects of mono-cropping: a case study of smallholder tobacco farmers in Hurungwe district
    (2016) Mutumhe, Dabie
    The advent of the Fast Track Land Reform Programme influenced a major shift of small scale farmers from subsistence cereal cropping to the commercial growing of tobacco. Smallholder tobacco farmers enjoyed economic prosperity in the tobacco farming sector but that prosperity was short lived. Smallholder farmers face a lot of marketing, production and policy problems within the tobacco farming industry and these problems are increasingly rendering them unproductive. Most smallholder tobacco farmers are entrapped in a ‘vulnerability context’ in which they are exposed to food and income insecurity owing to the problems which they face. However, despite the challenges which they face, smallholder tobacco farmers are largely resilient; they formulate and reformulate their livelihoods on a daily basis in endeavours to cushion themselves against the overwhelming odds. It was against this background that this qualitative study sought to explore the adaptive strategies that are pursued by smallholder tobacco farmers in response to the effects posed by tobacco mono-cropping. This study also sought to examine the factors that influenced the choice of the adaptive strategies that were pursued by those farmers as well as the factors that constrained their adaptive capacity. To meet the aims of this study, a purely qualitative methodology was adopted in which unstructured interviews and focus group discussions with smallholder farmers who were purposively selected were conducted in Hurungwe district. The study found out that smallholder tobacco farmers were highly adaptive and agricultural intensification, migration, and micro-enterprise activities were found out to be the main activities that were pursued by those farmers. The study also found out gender, income levels, educational levels, infrastructure and equipment ownership as the main factors that either determined or constrained the adaptive capacity of those farmers. Based on key findings, the researcher recommended the government and non-governmental organisations to enhance rural people’s education and credit facilities access, ensure infrastructural development in rural areas and encourage peer to peer sharing of vocational skills.
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    Quantifying the impact of the Land Reform Programme on land use and land cover changes in Chipinge District, Zimbabwe, based on Landsat observations
    (2016) Jombo, Simbarashe Sanyaruwa
    The purpose of this research was to quantify the impact of the land reform programme on land use and land cover changes (LULCC) in Chipinge district situated in Manicaland Province of Zimbabwe. The Fast Track Land Reform Programme (FTLRP) of 2000 was selected as the major cause of LULCC in the district. This research addresses the problem of knowing and understanding if there was LULCC in the district before and after the enactment of the FTLRP in the year 2000. The research objectives of this study were as follows: to investigate the impact of the FTLRP of 2000 on land use and land cover in Chipinge district; to test the use of Landsat earth observation data in quantifying the changes on land use and cover from 1992 to 2014 in Chipinge district and to predict LULCCs in the year 2028 in Chipinge district. The methodology for detecting the impact of LULCC was based on the comparison of Landsat MSS, TM, ETM+ and OLI/ TIRS scene p168r74 images covering Chipinge district taken on diverse dates in five different years. In order to prepare the Landsat images for change detection analysis, a number of image processing operations were applied which include radiometric calibration and atmospheric correction. The images were classified using the Support Vector Machine (SVM) and evaluation was done through accuracy assessment using the confusion matrix. The prediction of LULCC in the year 2028 was modeled by the Markov Chain Analysis (MCA) and the Cellular Automata Markov Chain Analysis (CA MCA) so as to show land distribution in the future. The results show that agricultural farmland, estates and area covered by water bodies declined whilst there was an increase in built-up areas, forest land and bare land since the enactment of the FTLRP. The prediction results show that in the year 2028, there will be a decrease in the amount of land covered by water bodies, forest and agricultural farmland. There will be an increase in the amount of built-up in the year 2028 as a result of population growth. It is the recommended in this study that better remedies be put in place to increase forest cover and also the use of high resolution images in further studies. There should be exploration of the relationships between LULCC, socio-economic and demographic variables would develop more understanding of LULCC. The study also recommends the preparation of a proper land use plan to deal with a reduction in the growth of settlement which is vital in the planning and management of social and economic development programs.