ETD Collection

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    Identification of characteristic energy scales in nuclear isoscalar giant quadrupole resonances: Fourier transforms and wavelet analysis
    (2008-08-08T08:37:33Z) Usman, Iyabo Tinuola
    The identification of energy scales in the region of Isoscalar Giant Quadrupole Resonance (ISGQR) is motivated by their potential use in understanding how an ordered collective motion transforms into a disordered motion of intrinsic single-particle degrees-of-freedom in many-body quantum systems. High energy-resolution measurements of the ISGQR were obtained by proton inelastic scattering at Ep= 200 MeV using the K600 magnetic Spectrometer at iThemba LABS. The nuclei 58Ni, 90Zr, 120Sn and 208Pb, associated with closed shells, were investigated. Both the Fourier transform and Wavelet analysis were used to extract characteristic energy scales and were later compared with the results from the theoretical microscopic Quasi-particle Phonon Model (QPM), including contributions from collective and non-collective states. The scales found in the experimental data were in good agreement with the QPM. This provides a strong argument that the observed energy scales result from the decay of the collective modes into 2p-2h states. The different scale regions were tested directly by reconstruction of measured energy spectra using the Inverse Fourier Transform and the Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT), together with a comparison to a previously available reconstruction using the Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT).
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    Evolution of anistropy in charged fluids
    (2008-02-28T07:29:33Z) Alderton, Dale Wayne
    Abstract A computer program has been written to simulate the conditions of the early uni- verse and to test a new idea in the mechanism of structure formation observed in our universe today. The model utilises Newtonian hydrodynamic equations includ- ing gravitational and electromagnetic forces in two spatial dimensions. It is proposed that augmenting gravitational forces with plasma forces will complement the prob- lematic Big Bang theory of structure formation which relies on gravity alone. Two sets of initial conditions are tested and the products of the simulation are analysed in a statistical way using power spectra and the two-point correlation function. Differ- ences in the initial conditions were not seen to produce significantly different results. The results show that the Hubble expansion term significantly reduces power in the gravity models but plasma forces can retain power better than similar gravitation- only models. Initial velocity perturbations significantly modify the power spectrum gradient in the higher modes. Some power spectra displayed a definite bend in gra- dient at a scale which is verified by galaxy survey observations. Plasma forces also appear to cluster matter on smaller scales more efficiently than gravity alone. Thus, this simulation lays a foundation for a more detailed and realistic model that may be compared with real matter distribution observations.