ETD Collection

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2017 - 20183

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Has files: YesSubject: search.filters.subject.Substance-Related Disorders

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    The association between substance abuse, psychosis and activity participation in adults: a retrospective record review
    (2017) Nepaul, Qulinta
    Background: Co‐morbid substance abuse and psychotic disorders result in decreased activity participation. However, the association between substance abuse and activity participation in psychotic disorders has not been explored. In this study, the activity participation on admission and discharge were compared between Substance Induced Psychosis (SIP) and Schizophrenia without substance abuse. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive, retrospective case study design with correlations was used. A database with demographic information and activity participation assessments of mental health care users (MHCUs) was used. Descriptive quantitative analysis, correlations and effect sizes was used to analyse the data. Results: The largest age groups for the SIP group were the 20 to 29 and 30 to 39‐year‐old cases. Activity participation scores for both groups showed impaired functioning on the creative ability level of Self‐presentation, with changes after intervention from patient‐directed to the transitional phase for the SIP group and therapist‐directed to patient‐directed phase for the Schizophrenia group. In terms of cognitive functioning, the Schizophrenia group improved by one phase, for Process skills, matching the SIP group on discharge. Conclusion: Activity participation is impaired in SIP but also in Schizophrenia without substance abuse. Concerning demographic data showed the prevalence of substance abuse in young adults and the disruptions of employment. Effect sizes showed clinically small changes but noteworthy improvements, as MHCUs move closer to independence.
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    A review of the prevalence rates of comorbid personality disorders and substance use disorders at the psychotherapy unit at Tara Hospital
    (2018) Miller, Laura Natasha
    This study is a retrospective, descriptive study that involved a review of 85 patient files from the Psychotherapy Unit (Ward 4&5) at Tara Hospital, admitted between 01st January to 31st December 2012. The Psychotherapy Unit services patients with personality disorders, together with other comorbid disorders; and provides pharmacological and psychotherapeutic management to such individuals. The study described and analysed demographics, personality traits and disorders, details of substance misuse, taking into account gender and comorbid axis 1 pathology. Options for referral to various substance use treatment facilities were considered, and presence of substance testing was also noted. The majority of patients included in the study were predominantly young, single, unemployed and female. The most common axis II diagnosis was borderline personality disorder. 81% of the individuals included in the study had a comorbid axis 1 psychiatric pathology. Seventy-three percent of the study sample had a substance use disorder, with 33.9% meeting the criteria for substance dependence. There were significant differences observed between types of substances used and frequency, especially with regard to the different personality disorders. Also there was significant gender variability observed between the different personality disorder subtypes. This study highlights the high frequency of comorbidity between individuals with personality disorders and substance use disorders, and other axis 1 pathology in general. It necessitates the need to conduct further research in this group, and consider the possibility of opening a dual diagnosis unit on site, to provide adequate treatment to such a vulnerable subgroup.
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    Prevalence and patterns of substance use amongst psychiatric inpatients at Helen Joseph Hospital
    (2018) Anic, Ani
    Background: Mental Disorders and Substance Use Disorders (SUD) commonly occur together, termed dual diagnosis, this is associated with poorer functioning, higher suicidality rates, hospitilisation, greater risk for crime and high health risk behavior. Methods: Cross-sectional study with a sample size of 150 participants, gathered over 4 months. Data was collected with a structured clinical interview, and inpatient hospital records. Alcohol and drug misuse was screened for using the AUDIT and DUDIT respectively. A descriptive analysis was then made, prevalence of substance misuse was determined, and comparisons were made between those with and without substance misuse. Results: The study group was predominantly young, single, african, unemployed men. The leading presenting symptoms were psychosis, aggression and mania, requiring mostly involuntary admissions, with a mean of 14 days hospital stay. Twothirds of the participants were classified as substance misusers, these were significantly younger men, more often brought to hospital by the police or ambulance, and showed higher rates of substance use and substance-induced disorders. Conclusion: This highlights the benefit of using screening tools for diagnosing substance use, and the need for improved management of those with a dual diagnosis.