Browsing by Author "Tobias Chirwa"
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Item Association of alcohol use and multimorbidity among adults aged 40 years and above in rural South Africa(2023-05-14) MafunoG. Mpinganjira; Tobias Chirwa; Chodziwadziwa.W. Kabudula; Francesc XavierGómez‑Olivé; StephenTollman3; Joel Msafri Francis1We assessed the prevalence of reported alcohol use and its association with multimorbidity among adults aged 40 years and above in a rural, transitioning South African setting. Findings could potentially inform alcohol interventions integration in the prevention and treatment of chronic conditions. We analysed data from the frst wave of The Health and Ageing in Africa—a longitudinal Study in an INDEPTH community (HAALSI) nested within the Agincourt Health and Demographic Surveillance Systems, conducted between November 2014 and November 2015 (n= 5059). We computed descriptive statistics and performed univariate analysis to determine factors independently associated with multimorbidity. Age, Body Mass Index, education, sex, and household wealth status and variables with a p-value < 0.20 in univariate analysis were included in multivariable Modifed Poisson regression models. Any factors with a p-value of < 0.05 in the fnal models were considered statistically signifcant. The frst wave of HAALSI was completed by 5059 participants aged 40 years and above and included 2714 (53.6%) females. The prevalence of reported ever alcohol use was 44.6% (n= 2253) and of these 51.9% (n= 1171) reported alcohol use in the last 30 days. The prevalence of HIV multimorbidity was 59.6% (3014/5059) and for multimorbidity without HIV 52.5% (2657/5059). Alcohol use was associated with HIV multimorbidity among all participants (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02– 1.08), and separately for males (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.00–1.10) and females (RR: 1.06, 95%CI: 1.02– 1.11). Similarly, alcohol use was associated with multimorbidity without HIV among all participants (RR: 1.05, 95% CI: 1.02–1.09), and separately for males (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.00–1.12) and females (RR: 1.06, 95% CI: 1.01–1.11). Reported alcohol use was common and associated with HIV multimorbidity and multimorbidity without HIV among older adults in rural northeast South Africa. There is a need to integrate Screening, Brief Interventions, and Referral for alcohol Treatment in the existing prevention and treatment of multimorbidity in South Africa.Item Bayesian spatiotemporal analysis of malaria prevalence in children between 2 and 10 years of age in Gabon(BIOMED CENTRAL LTD) Fabrice Mougeni; B Lell; Ngianga-Bakwin Kandala; Tobias ChirwaItem Building knowledge, optimising physical and mental health and setting up healthier life trajectories in South African women (Bukhali): a preconception randomised control trial part of the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI)(2022-03-25) Shane A Norris; Catherine E Draper; Alessandra Prioreschi; CM Smuts; Lisa Jayne Ware; CindyLee Dennis; Philip Awadalla; D Bassani; Zulfiqar Bhutta; Laurent Briollais; D William Cameron; Tobias Chirwa; B Fallon; CM Gray; Jill Hamilton; J Jamison; Heather Jaspan; Jennifer Jenkins; Kathleen Kahn; AP Kengne; Estelle V Lambert; Naomi Levitt; Marie-Claude Martin; Michele Ramsay; Daniel Roth; Stephen Scherer; Daniel Sellen; Wiedaad Slemming; Deborah Sloboda; M Szyf; Stephen Tollman; Mark Tomlinson; Suzanne Tough; Stephen G Matthews; Linda Richter; Stephen Lyeis challenging due to a persistent infectious disease, burgeoning obesity, most notably among women and rising rates of non-communicable diseases (NCDs). With two thirds of women presenting at their first antenatal visit either overweight or obese in urban South Africa (SA), the preconception period is an opportunity to optimise health and offset transgenerational risk of both obesity and NCDs. Methods and analysis Bukhali is the first individual randomised controlled trial in Africa to test the efficacy of a complex continuum of care intervention and forms part of the Healthy Life Trajectories Initiative (HeLTI) consortium implementing harmonised trials in Canada, China, India and SA. Starting preconception and continuing through pregnancy, infancy and childhood, the intervention is designed to improve nutrition, physical and mental health and health behaviours of South African women to offset obesity-risk (adiposity) in their offspring. Women aged 18–28 years (n=6800) will be recruited from Soweto, an urban-poor area of Johannesburg. The primary outcome is dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry derived fat mass index (fat mass divided by height2 ) in the offspring at age 5 years. Community health workers will deliver the intervention randomly to half the cohort by providing health literacy material, dispensing a multimicronutrient supplement, providing health services and feedback, and facilitating behaviour change support sessions to optimise: (1) nutrition, (2) physical and mental health and (3) lay the foundations for healthier pregnancies and early child development. Ethics and dissemination Ethical approval has been obtained from the Human Ethics Research Committee University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa (M1811111), the University of Toronto, Canada (19-0066-E) and the WHO Ethics Committee (ERC.0003328). Data and biological sample sharing policies are consistent with the governance policy of the HeLTI Consortium (https://helti.org) and South African government legislation (POPIA). The recruitment and research team will obtain informed consent.Item Demographic and Clinical Factors Associated with Development of Type 2 Diabetes A Review of the LiteratureYacob Pinchevsky; Neil Butkow; Frederick Raal; Tobias Chirwa; Alan RothbergItem Determinants of health workers intention to use malaria rapid diagnostic test in Kintambo North Municipality Ghana a crosssectional studyMichael Anaba; Latifat Ibisomi; S Owusu-Agyei; Tobias Chirwa; R RamaswamyItem Epidemiology and treatment outcomes of recurrent tuberculosis in Tanzania from 2018 to 2021 using the National TB dataset(PUBLIC LIBRARY SCIENCE) Belinda Njiro; R Kisonga; C Joachim; G Sililo; E Nkiligi; Latifat Ibisomi; Tobias Chirwa; Joel FrancisItem Fidelity of implementation of national guidelines on malaria diagnosis for children underfive years in Rivers State Nigeria(BIOMED CENTRAL LTD) Mina Whyte; Latifat Ibisomi; Tobias Chirwa; Jonathan Levin; Wiedaad SlemmingItem Fidelity of implementation of TB screening guidelines by health providers at selected HIV clinics in GhanaSolomon Narh-Bana; Mary Kawonga; Esnat Chirwa; Latifat Ibisomi; Frank Bonsu; Tobias ChirwaItem The future of public health doctoral education in Africa transforming higher education institutions to enhance research and practice(ELSEVIER SCIENCE) J Bukenya; D Kebede; H Mwambi; M Pate; P Adongo; Tobias Chirwa; E "et al"Item Impact of HIV infection on survival among women with stage llll breast cancer results from the south african breast cancer and HIV outcomes studyOluwatosin Ayeni; D O'Neil; YS Pumpalova; Wenlong Chen; Sarah Nietz; Boitumelo Phakathi; Witness Mapanga; Maureen Joffe; Tobias Chirwa; E et al; Paul Ruff; Herbert CubaschItem Joint modelling of multivariate longitudinal clinical laboratory safety outcomes concomitant medication and clinical adverse events application to artemisininbased treatment during pregnancy clinical trialNoel Patson; Mavuto Mukaka; Umberto D'Alessandro; Gertrude Chapotera; Victor Mwapasa; A Et Al; Tobias Chirwa