Browsing by Author "Palwende R. Boua"

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    Cardiometabolic disease risk factors in pre- and postmenopausal women from four sub-Saharan African countries: A cross-sectional study
    (2023-06) Raylton P. Chikwati; Nasrin Goolam Mahyoodeen; Nicole G. Jaff; Michele Ramsay; Lisa K. Micklesfield; Alisha N. Wade; Godfred Agongo; Gershim Asik; Solomon S.R. Choma; Palwende R. Boua; Jaya A. George; Nigel J. Crowther
    Objective: To compare the risk factors for cardiometabolic disease between pre- and postmenopausal women from four sub-Saharan African countries. Study design: This cross-sectional study included 3609 women (1740 premenopausal and 1869 postmenopausal) from sites in Ghana (Navrongo), Burkina Faso (Nanoro), Kenya (Nairobi), and South Africa (Soweto and Dikgale). Demographic, anthropometric and cardiometabolic variables were compared between pre- and postmenopausal women, within and across sites using multivariable regression analyses. The sites represent populations at different stages of the health transition, with those in Ghana and Burkina Faso being rural, whilst those in Kenya and South Africa are more urbanised. Main outcome measures: Anthropometric and cardiometabolic variables. Results: The prevalence rates of risk factors for cardiometabolic disease were higher in South (Soweto and Dikgale) and East (Nairobi) Africa than in West Africa (Nanoro and Navrongo), irrespective of menopausal status. Regression models in combined West African populations demonstrated that postmenopausal women had a larger waist circumference (β = 1.28 (95 % CI: 0.58; 1.98) cm), log subcutaneous fat (β =0.15 (0.10; 0.19)) diastolic (β = 3.04 (1.47; 4.62) mm Hg) and log systolic (β = 0.04 (0.02; 0.06)) blood pressure, log carotid intima media thickness (β = 0.03 (0.01; 0.06)), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (β = 0.14 (0.04; 0.23) mmol/L) and log triglyceride (β= 0.10 (0.04; 0.16)) levels than premenopausal women. No such differences were observed in the South and East African women. Conclusions: Menopause-related differences in risk factors for cardiometabolic disease were prominent in West but not East or South African study sites. These novel findings should inform cardiometabolic disease prevention strategies in midlife women specific to rural and urban and peri-urban locations in sub-Saharan Africa.
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    Physical Activity and Its Association With Body Mass Index: A Cross-Sectional Analysis in Middle-Aged Adults From 4 Sub-Saharan African Countries
    (2023-08-17) Monica Mut; Lisa J. Ware; Lisa K. Micklesfield; Michele Ramsay; Godfred Agongo; Palwende R. Boua; Isaac Kisiangani; Ian Cook; Francesc Xavier Go´mez-Olivé; Nigel J. Crowther; Chodziwadziwa Kabudula; Shane A. Norris; Tinashe Chikowore
    Background: This study aimed to explore association of self-reported physical activity domains of work, leisure, and transport-related physical activity and body mass index (BMI) in 9388 adult men and women from the Africa-Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic (AWI-Gen) study in Africa. Africa-Wits-INDEPTH partnership for Genomic is a large, population-based cross-sectional cohort with participants from 6 sites from rural and urban areas in 4 sub-Saharan African countries. Methods: A sex-stratified meta-analysis of cross-sectional data from men and women aged 29–82 years was used to assess the association of physical activity with BMI. Results: Overall, meeting physical activity guidelines of at least 150 minutes per week was associated with 0.82 kg/m2 lower BMI in men (β = −0.80 kg/m2 ; 95% confidence interval [CI], −1.14 to −0.47) and 0.68 kg/m2 lower BMI in women (β = −0.68 kg/m2 ; 95% CI, −1.03 to −0.33). Sex and site-specific differences were observed in the associations between physical activity domains and BMI. Among those who met physical activity guidelines, there was an inverse association between transport-related physical activity and BMI in men from Nanoro (Burkina Faso) (β = −0.79 kg/m2 ; 95% CI, −1.25 to −0.33) as well as work-related physical activity and BMI in Navrongo men (Ghana) (β = −0.76 kg/m2 ; 95% CI, −1.25 to −0.27) and Nanoro women (β = −0.90 kg/m2 ; 95% CI, −1.44 to −0.36). Conclusions: Physical activity may be an effective strategy to curb rising obesity in Africa. More studies are needed to assess the impact of sex and geographic location-specific physical activity interventions on obesity.