Browsing by Author "Omar Mwalim"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Data Resource Profile: The Global Health and Population Project on Access to Care for Cardiometabolic Diseases (HPACC)
    (2022-12-13) Jennifer Manne-Goehler; Michaela Theilmann; David Flood; Maja E Marcus; Glennis Andall-Brereton; Kokou Agoudavi; William Andres Lopez Arboleda; Krishna K Aryal; Brice Bicaba; Pascal Bovet; Luisa Campos Caldeira Brant; Garry Brian; Grace Chamberlin; Geoffrey Chen; Albertino Damasceno; Maria Dorobantu; Matthew Dunn; Cara Ebert; Farshad Farzadfar; Mongal Singh Gurung; David Guwatudde; Corine Houehanou; Dismand Houinato; Nahla Hwalla; Jutta M Adelin Jorgensen; Khem B Karki; Demetre Labadarios; Nuno Lunet; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Joao S Martins; Mary T Mayige; Roy Wong McClure; Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam; Kibachio J Mwangi; Omar Mwalim; Bolormaa Norov; Sarah Quesnel-Crooks; Sabrina Rhode; Jacqueline A Seiglie; Abla Sibai; Bahendeka K Silver; Lela Sturua; Andrew Stokes; Adil Supiyev; Lindiwe Tsabedze; Zhaxybay Zhumadilov; Lindsay M Jaacks; Rifat Atun; Justine I Davies
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    Diagnostic testing for hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolaemia in low-income and middle-income countries: a cross-sectional study of data for 994 185 individuals from 57 nationally representative surveys
    (2023-09) Sophie Ochmann*; Isabelle von Polenz*; Maja-Emilia Marcus; Michaela Theilmann; David Flood; Kokou Agoudavi; Krishna Kumar Aryal; Silver Bahendeka; Brice Bicaba; Pascal Bovet; Luisa Campos Caldeira Brant; Deborah Carvalho Malta; Albertino Damasceno; Farshad Farzadfar; Gladwell Gathecha; Ali Ghanbari; Mongal Gurung; David Guwatudde; Corine Houehanou; Dismand Houinato; Nahla Hwalla; Jutta Adelin Jorgensen; Khem B Karki; Nuno Lunet; Joao Martins; Mary Mayige; Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam; Omar Mwalim; Kibachio Joseph Mwangi; Bolormaa Norov; Sarah Quesnel-Crooks; Negar Rezaei; Abla M Sibai; Lela Sturua; Lindiwe Tsabedze; Roy Wong-McClure; Justine Davies; Pascal Geldsetzer; Till Bärnighausen; Rifat Atun†; Jennifer Manne-Goehler†; Sebastian Vollmer†
    Background—Testing for the risk factors of cardiovascular disease, which include hypertension, diabetes, and hypercholesterolaemia, is important for timely and effective risk management. Yet few studies have quantified and analysed testing of cardiovascular risk factors in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs) with respect to sociodemographic inequalities. We aimed to address this knowledge gap. Methods—In this cross-sectional analysis, we pooled individual-level data for non-pregnant adults aged 18 years or older from nationally representative surveys done between Jan 1, 2010, and Dec 31, 2019 in LMICs that included a question about whether respondents had ever had their blood pressure, glucose, or cholesterol measured. We analysed diagnostic testing performance by quantifying the overall proportion of people who had ever been tested for these cardiovascular risk factors and the proportion of individuals who met the diagnostic testing criteria in the WHO package of essential noncommunicable disease interventions for primary care (PEN) guidelines (ie, a BMI >30 kg/m2 or a BMI >25 kg/m2 among people aged 40 years or older). We disaggregated and compared diagnostic testing performance by sex, wealth quintile, and education using two-sided t tests and multivariable logistic regression models. Findings—Our sample included data for 994 185 people from 57 surveys. 19·1% (95% CI 18·5– 19·8) of the 943 259 people in the hypertension sample met the WHO PEN criteria for diagnostic testing, of whom 78·6% (77·8–79·2) were tested. 23·8% (23·4–24·3) of the 225 707 people in the diabetes sample met the WHO PEN criteria for diagnostic testing, of whom 44·9% (43·7– 46·2) were tested. Finally, 27·4% (26·3–28·6) of the 250 573 people in the hypercholesterolaemia sample met the WHO PEN criteria for diagnostic testing, of whom 39·7% (37·1–2·4) were tested. Women were more likely than men to be tested for hypertension and diabetes, and people in higher wealth quintiles compared with those in the lowest wealth quintile were more likely to be tested for all three risk factors, as were people with at least secondary education compared with those with less than primary education. Interpretation—Our study shows opportunities for health systems in LMICs to improve the targeting of diagnostic testing for cardiovascular risk factors and adherence to diagnostic testing guidelines. Risk-factor-based testing recommendations rather than sociodemographic characteristics should determine which individuals are tested.
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    The socioeconomic gradient of alcohol use: an analysis of nationally representative survey data from 55 low-income and middle-income countries
    (2022-10-22) Yuanwei Xu; Pascal Geldsetzer; Jen Manne-Goehler; Michaela Theilmann; Maja-E Marcus; Zhaxybay Zhumadilov; Sarah Quesnel-Crooks; Omar Mwalim; Sahar Saeedi Moghaddam; Sogol Koolaji; Khem B Karki; Farshad Farzadfar; Narges Ebrahimi; Albertino Damasceno; Krishna K Aryal; Kokou Agoudavi; Rifat Atun; Till Bärnighausen; Justine Davies; Lindsay M Jaacks; Sebastian Vollmer; Charlotte Probst
    Background: Alcohol is a leading risk factor for over 200 conditions and an important contributor to socioeconomic health inequalities. However, little is known about the associations between individuals' socioeconomic circumstances and alcohol consumption, especially heavy episodic drinking (HED; ≥5 drinks on one occasion) in low-income or middle-income countries. We investigated the association between individual and household level socioeconomic status, and alcohol drinking habits in these settings. Methods: In this pooled analysis of individual-level data, we used available nationally representative surveys-mainly WHO Stepwise Approach to Surveillance surveys-conducted in 55 low-income and middle-income countries between 2005 and 2017 reporting on alcohol use. Surveys from participants aged 15 years or older were included. Logistic regression models controlling for age, country, and survey year stratified by sex and country income groups were used to investigate associations between two indicators of socioeconomic status (individual educational attainment and household wealth) and alcohol use (current drinking and HED amongst current drinkers). Findings: Surveys from 336 287 participants were included in the analysis. Among males, the highest prevalence of both current drinking and HED was found in lower-middle-income countries (L-MICs; current drinking 49·9% [95% CI 48·7-51·2] and HED 63·3% [61·0-65·7]). Among females, the prevalence of current drinking was highest in upper-middle-income countries (U-MIC; 29·5% [26·1-33·2]), and the prevalence of HED was highest in low-income countries (LICs; 36·8% [33·6-40·2]). Clear gradients in the prevalence of current drinking were observed across all country income groups, with a higher prevalence among participants with high socioeconomic status. However, in U-MICs, current drinkers with low socioeconomic status were more likely to engage in HED than participants with high socioeconomic status; the opposite was observed in LICs, and no association between socioeconomic status and HED was found in L-MICs. Interpretation: The findings call for urgent alcohol control policies and interventions in LICs and L-MICs to reduce harmful HED. Moreover, alcohol control policies need to be targeted at socially disadvantaged groups in U-MICs. Funding: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft and the National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences of the US National Institutes of Health.