Browsing by Author "Mukwevho, Tshinanne Matty"

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    Pit Optimisation of Vondeling Quarry by Understanding Geotechnical Parameters Determined at Zoutkloof Quarry
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-11) Mukwevho, Tshinanne Matty; Pillay, Ohveshlan
    The purpose of the study was to investigate the geotechnical parameters at Zoutkloof quarry and how they affect stability and the mine planning process. The geological features of Zoutkloof and Vondeling are similar, hence the lessons learned while mining Zoutkloof quarry can be used when mining Vondeling quarry. Zoutkloof quarry has already reached its limits and is no longer operational. It is important that mine planning considers the critical geotechnical parameters. The main reason for this consideration is to keep slope walls stable, employees and equipment safe, and to continue mining the ore in an economical manner. The methodology of the research incorporated highlighting the literature in the public domain on geotechnical considerations in open pit mining. Evaluating geotechnical parameters such as groundwater, rock mass strength, slope angle and monitoring; and additionally, showed scheduling of mining blocks from 2007 to 2008 formed part of methodology in the research. The results analysis indicated that the strategies implemented to control groundwater were successful to keep the production benches dry and walls stable. Good understanding of the discontinuities and the rock mass strength enabled the quarry to be divided into ground control districts. Kinematics analysis for possible failures was done and the results showed that there was no probability of failure on planar mode. However, there were minor possibility that failure can occur on wedge and toppling mode. Yearly mining scheduling was completed, focusing on tonnage and quality requirements. During this period, Zoutkloof had minimum waste mined and the quarry had narrowed significantly which required the operational team to work within mine design specifications to maintain safety and slope angles. Some resources had to be compromised as it was not practical to exploit them safely. The research concluded its findings as successful because Zoutkloof quarry was mined completely with approximately 10 slope failures that resulted with no injuries to employees or damage to equipment. The factors of safety (FOS) were evaluated to be well above one and slopes remained stable until mining ceased. The research also made recommendations that can be implemented while the Pretoria Portland Cement (PPC) continue to mine Vondeling quarry to aid same success as Zoutkloof while being cost effective.