Browsing by Author "Mogale, Etumeleng"

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    Economic and Institutional determinants of financial development for bank dominated and stock market-based economies in the SADC region
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Mogale, Etumeleng; Mahonye, Nyasha
    The study examines the determinants of financial development from the bank-dominated economies (Angola, Lesotho and Madagascar) versus the bank and stock market-based economies’(Mauritius, Namibia and South Africa) point of view for the selected SADC countries. The study further examines which economies develop more over time between economies that are bank-dominated and those that have both the banking sector and the stock markets. Using a panel dataset that spans from 1996 to 2018 - which was sourced from the World Development Indicators (WDI) - the study utilized the Autoregressive Distributive lag (ARDL) techniques to separately model for the banking system and the stock market which allowed for the unpacking of any short-run and long-run contributors to the financial sector development and thus capture any possible links between the explanatory variables and the financial development proxies, domestic credit to the private sector and market capitalization. The study found that the banking sector development is influenced by GDP growth rate, foreign direct investment, governments debts, trade openness and the rule of law while the stock markets are largely driven by GDP growth rate, inflation, trade openness, rule of law and regulatory quality. Furthermore, the study found that the banking sector does benefit from the presence of stock markets and that over time economies with both financial sectors tend to develop more than bank-dominated economies and that they are less prone to external shocks. The contributions to the existing body of literature are by critically looking at the drivers or deterrents of financial development in the SADC region so that the appropriate policy prescriptions can be formulated and implemented with the broader view of closing the infrastructure gap that exists within the region. By separately modelling the two financial sectors the study was able to see indicators that are the driving force in each sector and which economies – bank-dominated vs stock market-based - tend to do well over time.
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    The Inequality—Financial Markets Nexus: Implications for Developing Metrics for Voluntary Disclosures
    (Southern Centre for Inequality Studies (SCIS), 2024-01-21) Khan, Zoheb; Theobald, Stuart; Ewinyu, Arabo K.; Francis, David; Mogale, Etumeleng; Valodia, Imraan
    Can a disclosure framework reduce overall socio-economic inequality, or will it shift inequality somewhere else, for example, to other firms, other regions, or out of the firm and the private sector and into households? Are there material regional variations in the perceptions of the causes and effects of socio-economic inequality? What is the appropriate level of focus for an inequality disclosure framework? Surplus generated by workers accrues to the owners of capital and, at the most basic level, is a significant contributor to socio-economic inequality. There is also inequality in income between workers within firms and sectors. Furthermore, inequality is produced by access to and changes in asset prices, and by sovereign investing activities, among other factors. The correct unit of analysis for the proposed Taskforce on Inequality-related Financial Disclosures (TIFD – which since the original drafting of this paper has now converged efforts with new partners to form the Taskforce on Inequality and Social-related Financial Disclosures (TISFD)) deserves attention. The authors of this paper believe that regional variations mean that a one-size-fits-all disclosure framework is unlikely to be appropriate. For instance, the distribution of informal employment needs to be considered, with 61% of all global employment being informal and with as much as 90% of employment being informal in many countries in the global South. While disclosure frameworks matter for formal companies, what is often overlooked in the development of disclosure frameworks are the implications for the large number of people, particularly in the global South, who are informally employed or who work in informal enterprises. A second consideration is high unemployment given that the distribution of labour income is one of the great drivers of income inequality. Furthermore, the growth of precarious and non-standard employment, with the rise of platform work as an example, is an additional concern.