Browsing by Author "Michael Lowery Wilson"
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Item Intimate partner violence among pregnant women in Kenya: forms, perpetrators and associations(2022) Mariella Stiller; Till Bärnighausen; Michael Lowery WilsonBackground: Intimate Partner violence (IPV) among pregnant women is a signifcant problem of public health importance. Nevertheless, there are relatively few studies which have examined the phenomenon in sub-Saharan settings. The aim of this study was to provide an overview of the prevalence, perpetrators, and associated factors of IPV during pregnancy in Kenya. Methods: We were making use of the 2014 Kenyan Demographic and Health Survey (KDHS) data and included women and girls of reproductive age (15–49 years) who have ever been pregnant (n = 4331). A weighted sample of respondents who have experienced violence during pregnancy (n = 397) were selected for further bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses in order to examine the association between IPV and socio-demographic factors. Results: The prevalence of violence among pregnant women in Kenya was 9.2%, perpetrated mostly by the current husband or partner (47.6%), followed by the former husband or partner (31.5%). Physical violence was the most common (78.6%), followed by emotional (67.8%) and sexual (34.8%). Having one or two children (aOR = 0.68; CI = 0.53−0.88), having secondary or higher education (aOR = 0.53; CI = 0.40−0.69) and being 18 years and above at frst cohabitation (aOR = 0.75; CI = 0.60−0.94) and at sexual debut (aOR = 0.65; CI = 0.53−0.80) were signifcantly associated with fewer reports of violence during pregnancy. Pregnant women who were divorced, separated or widowed (aOR = 1.91; CI = 1.47−2.47), who were employed (aOR = 1.34; CI = 1.06−1.70), who had witnessed their fathers beat their mothers (aOR = 1.59; CI = 1.28−1.97) and who had primary education (aOR = 1.53; CI = 1.11−2.14) were signifcantly more likely to experience violence. Conclusions: To prevent violence among pregnant women in Kenya, training health care providers should go hand in hand with interventions sensitising and mobilising community members, both addressing the socio-demographic drivers of IPV during pregnancy and directing a particular attention to the most vulnerable ones.Item Self-reported involvement in road traffic crashes in Kenya: A cross-sectional survey of a nationally representative sample(2022-09-14) Masood Ali Shaikh; Herman Lule; Till Bärnighausen; Michael Lowery WilsonAbstract Background: Road traffic crashes (RTCs) are a global public health burden whose resulting morbidity and mortality disproportionately impact low- and middle-income countries with stressed health systems. There is a paucity of published studies that evaluate the sociodemographic distribution of RTCs using nationally representative samples from the African region. Aim: To examine population-wide associations between sociodemographic factors and involvement in RTCs in Kenya. Methods: Data were obtained from the 2014 Kenyan Demographic Health Survey, representing all 47 counties in Kenya, from May to October of 2014. We estimated the prevalence of RTCs and utilized logistic regression for bivariate and multivariable analyses to determine the sociodemographic factors associated with RTCs. Study variables included age, place of residence, household wealth index, educational attainment, and history of alcohol consumption. We computed odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: A higher prevalence was reported among men (8.76%) versus women (3.22%). The risk factors among men included being 20-34 years of age, living in a rural area (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.09, 1.74), drinking alcohol (OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.11, 1.59), and having not higher than a primary (OR 1.90, 95% CI 1.19, 3.03) or secondary (OR 1.68, 95% CI 1.04, 2.71) education. The strongest risk factors for women included the being aged 45-49 (OR 2.30, 95% CI 1.44, 3.67) and 20-24 years (OR 1.81, 95% 1.17, 2.79) as well as being in the fourth wealth quintile (OR 1.83, 95% CI 1.15, 2.91). Conclusion: Men and the most economically productive age groups were more likely to report being involved in RTCs. Strategies to reduce the occurrences of RTCs should prioritize the most vulnerable sociodemographic groups.