Browsing by Author "Meredith L. McMorrow"

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    SARS-CoV-2 Seroprevalence after Third Wave of Infections, South Africa
    (2022-05) Jackie Kleynhans; Stefano Tempia; Nicole Wolter; Anne von Gottberg; Jinal N. Bhiman; Amelia Buys; Jocelyn Moyes; Meredith L. McMorrow; Kathleen Kahn; F. Xavier Gómez-Olivé; Stephen Tollman; Neil A. Martinson; Floidy Wafawanaka; Limakatso Lebina; Jacques D. du Toit; Waasila Jassat; Mzimasi Neti; Marieke Brauer; Cheryl Cohen
    By November 2021, after the third wave of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infections in South Africa, seroprevalence was 60% in a rural community and 70% in an urban community. High seroprevalence before the Omicron variant emerged may have contributed to reduced illness severity observed in the fourth wave.
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    The attributable fraction of respiratory syncytial virus among patients of different age with influenza-like illness and severe acute respiratory illness in a high HIV prevalence setting, South Africa, 2012-2016 Running title: The attributable fraction of RSV in South Africa (all ages), South Africa 2012- 2016
    (2022-11-22) Jocelyn Moyes; Stefano Tempia; Sibongile Walaza; Meredith L. McMorrow; Adam L. Cohen; Florette Treurnicht; Orienka Hellferscee; Nicole Wolter; Anne Von Gottberg; Halima Dawood; Ebrahim Variava; Kathleen Kahn; Shabir A. Madhi; Cheryl Cohen
    Introduction The detection of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) in upper airway samples does not necessarily infer causality of illness. Calculating the attributable fraction (AF) of RSV in clinical syndromes could refine disease burden estimates. Methods Using unconditional logistic regression models, we estimated the AF of RSV-associated influenza-like illness (ILI) and severe-acute respiratory illness (SARI) cases by comparing RSVdetection prevalence among ILI and SARI cases to those of healthy controls in South Africa, 2012-2016. The analysis, stratified by HIV serostatus, was conducted in the age categories <1, 1-4, 5-24, 25-44, 45-64, ≥65 years. Results We included 12,048 individuals: 2,687 controls, 5,449 ILI cases and 5,449 SARI cases. RSVAFs for ILI were significant in <1, 1-4, 5-24, 25-44-year age groups: 84.9%(95% confidence interval (CI) 69.3%-92.6%), 74.6%(95%CI 53.6%-86.0%), 60.8%(95%CI 21.4%-80.5%) and 64.1%(95%CI 14.9%-84.9%), respectively. Similarly, significant RSV-AFs for SARI were 95.3%(95%CI 91.1%-97.5) and 83.4%(95%CI 70.9-90.5) in the <1 and 1-4-year age groups respectively. In HIV-infected persons, RSV was significantly associated with ILI cases versus controls in individuals aged 5-44 years. Conclusion High RSV-AFs in young children confirm RSV detection is associated severe respiratory illness in South African children, specifically infants. These estimates will assist with refining burden estimates and cost effectiveness models