Browsing by Author "James E. Crowe Jr., MD"

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    Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention within Reach: The Vaccine and Monoclonal Antibody Landscape
    (2023-01-23) Natalie I. Mazur, MD; Jonne Terstappen, MD; Ranju Baral, PhD; Azucena Bardají, PhD; Philippe Beutels, PhD; Ursula J. Buchholz, PhD; Cheryl Cohen, PhD; James E. Crowe Jr., MD; Clare L. Cutland, PhD; Linda Eckert, MD; Daniel Feikin, MD; Tiffany Fitzpatrick, PhD; Youyi Fong, PhD; Barney Graham, PhD; Terho Heikkinen, PhD; Deborah Higgins, BSc; Siddhivinayak Hirve, MD; Keith Klugman, PhD; Leyla Kragten-Tabatabaie, PhD; Philippe Lemey, PhD; Romina Libster, MD; Yvette Löwensteyn, MD; Asuncion Mejias, PhD; Flor M. Munoz, MD; Patrick K. Munywoki, PhD; Lawrence Mwananyanda, MD; Harish Nair, PhD; Marta C. Nunes, PhD; Octavio Ramilo, PhD; Peter Richmond, MD; Tracy J. Ruckwardt, PhD; Charles Sande, PhD; Padmini Srikantiah, MD; Naveen Thacker, MD; Kody A. Waldstein, MSc; Dan Weinberger, PhD; Joanne Wildenbeest, PhD; Dexter Wiseman, MD; Heather J Zar, PhD; Maria Zambon, PhD; Louis Bont, PhD
    Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the second most common cause of infant mortality and an important cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults. Efforts to develop an RSV vaccine or immunoprophylaxis remain highly active. Thirty-three RSV prevention candidates are in clinical development using six different approaches: recombinant vector, subunit, particlebased, live-attenuated, chimeric, and nucleic acid in addition to monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Eight candidates are in phase III clinical trials. Understanding the epitopes targeted by highly neutralizing antibodies has resulted in a shift from empirical to rational and structure-based vaccine and mAb design. An extended half-life mAb for all infants is likely within one year of regulatory approval for high income countries. Live-attenuated vaccines are in development for older infants. Subunit vaccines are in late-stage trials for pregnant women to protect infants, while vector, subunit and nucleic acid approaches are being developed for older adults. Urgent next steps include ensuring access and affordability of an RSV vaccine globally. This review gives an overview of RSV vaccines and mAbs in clinical development highlighting different target populations, antigens, and latest trial results.