Hospital acquired infections in intensive care units in Saudi Arabia
Date
2018
Authors
De Beer, Elizabeth
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Abstract
It is primarily the role of the nurse to monitor, prevent and reduce hospital acquired infections (HAIs). To implement an infection prevention and control (IPC) programme it is necessary to gather baseline data on the major causes of HAIs in order to provide the evidence needed to develop a quality improvement plan and to monitor progress against the baseline data. HAIs are a leading cause of serious illnesses (morbidity) and deaths (mortality) of patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs). Device-related infections, which are a major source of HAIs, are costly, preventable infections targeted by the Centre of Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) for eradication. Research information for infections related to devices not readily available Saudi Arabia. This study is relevant to clinical practice.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the current situation relating to hospital acquired infection rates, risk profiles and risk factors in the selected ICUs of a healthcare facility (HCF) in Saudi Arabia.
Design: Through a record review, data was collected on HAIs in the selected ICUs of the HCF. The selected ICUs consist of 102 beds in total. A total sample of all patients’ (n=76), records were reviewed for possible HAIs. The South African National Health Insurance (NHI) site prevalence initiative data sheet and definitions based on the European Centre of Disease Control (ECDC) 2012 information were used.
Results: The prevalence rate of HAIs for all the patients resident in the adult ICU on the day of the survey was 44.7%. Females represented 34.21% of the survey population and males 65.8%. Device usage was high overall. A total of 88.2% of the patients had urinary catheters, while 52.6% had a peripheral line, 48.7% a central intravascular catheter and 68.4% were mechanically ventilated. The most common HAI category was pneumonia (23.68%), followed by bloodstream infection (13.15%), surgical site infections (9.2%) and urinary tract infection (3.9%).
Conclusion: A baseline rate has been established for the healthcare facility. With the baseline data available, infection control programmes for improvement and performance goals can be set. The nursing management can introduce a quality improvement programme based on the finding of the study through a link nurse
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programme. A repeat Point Prevalence Survey (PPS) should be repeated in the same facility within the next year or two, in order to be able to evaluate if the quality improvement programme has been successful and to adjust the programme as necessary
Description
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Nursing
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Citation
De Beer, Elizabeth (2018) Hospital acquired infections in intensive care units in Saudi Arabia, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, <http://hdl.handle.net/10539/27704>