A comparative analysis of clinicopathological characteristics and trends of oral squamous cell carcinoma between males and females over a ten year period
Date
2016
Authors
Mohangi, Tashta
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Abstract
Introduction: Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a significant disease burden in South Africa. The literature shows that OSCC has historically affected males more frequently than females due to the presumption that males indulge in high-risk habits more commonly. However, the incidence of OSCC in females is increasing as a result of changing lifestyle and risk factors. The aim of this study was to compare the clinicopathological characteristics and trends of OSCC between males and females, diagnosed at the Department of Oral Pathology, University of the Witwatersrand over the ten-year period 2004 to 2013. Methods: This study was a retrospective, descriptive and comparative study. A total of 1049 records of OSCC cases diagnosed between 2004 and 2013 were reviewed; clinicopathological data were recorded and statistically analysed.
Results: There was a decreasing trend in the number of diagnosed OSCC since 2004 (167 cases in 2004 to 87 cases in 2013). However, there was an increase in female cases of OSCC (22.1% in 2004 to 37.9% in 2013). The number of female smokers increased by 11% since 2004. The mean age at which cases presented was 57.3 years (range of 2 to 93 years). Males presented at a younger mean age of 56.7 years (range of 18 to 93 years) than females at 58.7 years with a range of 2 to 92 years. The lateral surface of the tongue (20.1%) was the most commonly affected site, and OSCC of the upper lip was more prevalent in females than in males (p = 0.0004).
Conclusion: This study highlights the differences in the presentation of OSCC between males and females in the Gauteng province region, and especially raises awareness of OSCC in females. It could lead to male and female all-encompassing diagnostic and management protocols.
Description
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Science in Dentistry
14 November, 2016