Pestana, Christopher2024-10-302024-10-302023Pestana, Christopher. (2023). Cranial orientation and the lateral semicircular canal in primates: implications for palaeobiological reconstructions and the evolution of locomotor repertoires. [Master's dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg].https://hdl.handle.net/10539/42141https://hdl.handle.net/10539/42141A dissertation submitted in fulfilment for the requirements for the degree of Masters of Science (Palaeontology), to the Faculty of Science, School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023.The lateral semicircular canal and its predicted relation to head posture have been used in reconstructions of locomotion and posture of contemporary and extinct species, and in the evolution of bipedalism. Inferences of head posture in fossil species sometimes assume that the lateral semicircular canal is held near the earth’s horizontal when the head is at rest. Despite the physiological importance of the vestibular system, the relationship between head posture and lateral semicircular canal orientation in primates has not been explored on a statistically significant sample, using phylogenetically corrected methods. This study tests the hypothesised relationship between lateral semicircular canal orientation and head posture in primates, and investigates potential links to locomotor categories. This study finds that lateral canal orientation is not significantly correlated to positional repertoires. Significant differences in canal orientation are detected between terrestrial and arboreal species. Neutral head posture distinguishes several locomotor categories, and explains a moderate proportion of the variance in positional behaviour. Brain mass is found to correlate with positional behaviour when correcting for the effects of the phylogeny. The implications of the evolution of head posture in fossil species are discussed.en©2023 University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.PrimatesInner earBony labyrinthVestibular systemLocomotionPalaeoanthropologyPalaeontologyPhylogenetic comparative methodsPapioAustralopithecusParapapioPalaeoneurologySDG-3: Good health and well-beingDissertationUniversity of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg