Makena, Kefuoe Emmaculate2024-08-032024-08-032022-10Makena, Kefuoe Emmaculate. (2022). Violence and protest: A historical analysis of ‘violence’ and community protests in Bethanie, c. 1866 to 2018. [Master's dissertation, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg]. WIReDSpace. https://hdl.handle.net/10539/39964https://hdl.handle.net/10539/39964A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts (by Thesis) in the Department of History, School of Social Sciences, Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022.The Bakwena ba Mogopa are a community in the North West Province of South Africa. The capital of this community is Bethanie. In 2018, residents of Bakwena ba Mogopa embarked on a protest. This protest highlighted issues of unemployment, lack of service delivery and underdevelopment. For many, in particular young people, this protest was surprisingly militant. However, for the elders in the community, this reignited memories of the war of Mabidibidi from the late 1920s. This war was about the split of the Lutheran church which resulted in two separate churches, one being the ELCSA and BLC. Moreover, other elders argued that in the 1960s, the conflict within the traditional leadership was also Mabidibidi. This dissertation explores various protests and moments of contention that have manifested in Bethanie and have shaped this rather peaceful community. To provide context for these events, this dissertation looks at the history of Bethanie from 1866 till 2018. For a community that refers to itself as peaceful, perhaps given the events of spectacular protests that have taken place throughout South Africa, this case of Bethanie complicates some of the common understandings of how violent protests manifests.en©2022 University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. All rights reserved. The copyright in this work vests in the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. No part of this work may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.ViolenceProtestCommunityBethanieUCTDSDG-4: Quality educationDissertationUniversity of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg