Cesar G VictoraFernando P HartwigLuis P VidalettiReynaldo MartorellClive OsmondLinda M RichterAryeh D SteinAluisio J D BarrosLinda S AdairFernando C BarrosSantosh K BhargavaBernardo L HortaMaria F Kroker-LobosNanette R LeeAna Maria B MenezesJoseph MurrayShane A NorrisHarshpal S SachdevAlan SteinJithin S VargheseZulfiqar A BhuttaRobert E Black2024-05-162024-05-162022-04-30https://hdl.handle.net/10539/38482The survival and nutrition of children and, to a lesser extent, adolescents have improved substantially in the past two decades. Improvements have been linked to the delivery of effective biomedical, behavioural, and environmental interventions; however, large disparities exist between and within countries. Using data from 95 national surveys in low-income and middle-income countries (LMICs), we analyse how strongly the health, nutrition, and cognitive development of children and adolescents are related to early-life poverty. Additionally, using data from six large, long-running birth cohorts in LMICs, we show how early-life poverty can have a lasting effect on health and human capital throughout the life course. We emphasise the importance of implementing multisectoral anti-poverty policies and programmes to complement specific health and nutrition interventions delivered at an individual level, particularly at a time when COVID-19 continues to disrupt economic, health, and educational gains achieved in the recent past.enArticle