Unlocking Soweto as a True City District: The case of the Vilakazi Precinct 2 ABSTRACT Soweto is a segregated township which is a product of the apartheid spatial planning legacy. It boasts a population of approximately 1.3 million people. The residents largely consist of lower economic class with indications of a rapidly growing middle class. Its emphasis over the past two decades has been to improve its connectivity, mixed use activities, social infrastructure, and consolidated public spaces. The high population densities and the low built form densities offer a latent potential for densification strategies around established nodes and the recently developed Transit Orientated Development. Focusing on the public transport routes would allow for much more accessible mixed-use nodes which majority are located near strong inter-modal facilities. The focus and strengthening of the existing economic activities would increase and diversify job opportunities for residents. This type of economic strategy would celebrate locally owned small scale and informal businesses located along streets as opposed to large businesses such as malls and other large-scale developments. The Orlando urban hub is home to two Nobel Prize winners Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu. Winnie Mandela’s House, Orlando stadium and the Hector Pieterson Memorial are located a stone’s throw away from the well-known tourist attraction node, Vilakazi Street. These landmarks create a compelling urban node that is accessible from the Johannesburg CBD via the recently upgraded Klipsruit Valley Road and Mooki Street and the Empire Perth corridor. In the Johannesburg Spatial Development Framework 2040 this node is recognized as a Secondary urban hub. This forms part of the basis as I choose it for my focus area. The potential of this area allows for various opportunities and issues to address, namely: the connectivity of amenities, economic potential, built form density, land productivity, development of social infrastructure and consolidated public spaces. BB QWABE_574809 Supervised by Paul Kotze 3 06-12-2023 3 VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 4 figure 1: Soweto Attractions. (Pexels, 2022) CONTENTS 5 2. ABSTRACT 3. DECLARATION 6. A SUSTAINABLE CITY DISTRICT 7. DEFINITIONS 8. INTRODUCTION 9. SITE LOCALITY 10. SOWETO ORIGINS 14. BACKGROUND 14. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES 14. PROBLEM STATEMENTS 14. RESEARCH QUESTIONS 15. STRATEGIC INTENTION 16. MAPPING MOVEMENT/CONNECTIVITY FRAMEWORK MACRO LOCALITY MICRO LOCALITY STUDY AREA EXISTING CONDITIONS PRECEDENTS PROPOSED CONDITIONS 32. STRATEGIC AREA RAMEWORK ISSUES DEVELOPMENT STRUCTURE EXISTING CONDITIONS - ANALYSIS MOVEMENT STRUCTURE GREEN STRUCTURE SOCIAL INRASTRUCTURE BUILDING STRUCTURE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY & MIX STRUCTURE 42. PRECINCT PLAN PROPOSAL PRINCIPLES MOVEMENT STRUCTURE BLOCK STRUCTURE EDGE STRUCTURE NODAL STRUCTURE GREEN STRUCTURE DEVELOPMENT STRUCTURE COMPOSITE STRUCTURE ACTIVITY & MIX STRUCTURE BUILT STRUCTURE 52. INCREMENTAL DESIGN EXITING CONDITIONS SHARED STREETS SHORT-TERM PROPOSAL MID-TERM PROPOSAL LONG-TERM PROPOSAL VILAKAZI STREET ENTRANCE VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET SAKHUMZI STREET FRONT- AGE MANDELA SQUARE RESIDENTIAL STREET ARTIFITIAL INTELLIGENCE SIGNAGE / BRANDING VIDEO VIGNETTES 73. TABLE OF FIGURES 74. SOURCES 6 According to OpenAI’s ChatGPT (OpenAI, n.d.) “A sustainable city district, also known as an eco-district or green district, is a localized area within a city that is designed and developed with a focus on environmental, social, and economic sustainability. It aims to create a harmonious balance between human well-being, resource efficiency, and the preservation of natural ecosystems. Key features of a sustainable city district may include: 1. Environmental Sustainability: Sustainable city districts prioritize environmental protection and resource efficiency. They incorporate renewable energy sources, energy-efficient buildings, green spaces, and sustainable transportation systems to minimize carbon emissions and waste generation. 2. Mixed-Use Development: These districts promote a mix of residential, commercial, and recreational spaces, reducing the need for long-distance commuting and promoting a walkable or bike-friendly environment. By integrating various land uses, they foster vibrant communities and reduce the strain on transportation infrastructure. 3. Green Buildings: Sustainable city districts incorporate green building practices, such as energy-efficient design, use of sustainable materials, efficient water and waste management systems, and integration of green roofs or walls. These measures aim to reduce energy consumption, improve indoor air quality, and minimize environmental impacts. 4. Smart Infrastructure: These districts often incorporate advanced technology and smart infrastructure systems to optimize resource use, enhance energy efficiency, and improve quality of life. Examples include smart grids, sensor networks for monitoring energy and water usage, and intelligent transportation systems. 5. Community Engagement: Sustainable city districts prioritize community involvement and engagement. They encourage public participation in decision-making processes, promote social equity, and foster a sense of community ownership and responsibility for sustainable practices. 6. Sustainable Mobility: These districts prioritize sustainable transportation options such as pedestrian-friendly streets, dedicated cycling lanes, efficient public transit systems, and infrastructure to support electric vehicles. This reduces reliance on private cars and encourages low-carbon modes of transportation. 7. Green Spaces and Biodiversity: Sustainable city districts prioritize the preservation and creation of green spaces, parks, and urban forests. These areas provide recreational spaces, enhance biodiversity, improve air quality, mitigate heat island effects, and promote overall well-being. The goal of a sustainable city district is to create a model for urban development that minimizes environmental impact, enhances the quality of life for residents, and promotes long-term sustainability. By adopting holistic approaches and integrating sustainable practices, these districts strive to become examples of environmentally conscious urban living.” A SUSTAINABLE CITY DISTRICT 7 DEFINITIONS TERM DESCRIPTION “Population Density” “Building Density” “Self-sufficient mixed-use node” “Micro locality” “Meso locality” “Macro locality” “Heritage consumption” “Agrihood” “City District” Population density refers to the measurement of the number of people living per unit of area. It is calculated by dividing the total population of an area by its land area or sometimes by the total number of households. Population density is typically expressed as the number of people per square kilometer of land. Building density refers to the concentration of buildings within a given area, usually expressed as the number of buildings per unit of land area. It is a measure of how closely spaced or compact the buildings are within a specific region. A self-sufficient mixed-use node refers to a development or neighborhood that is designed to meet the needs of its residents and users within its boundaries. It aims to create a balanced and integrated community where people can live, work, and access essential amenities without the need for extensive travel or reliance on external resources. A micro locality, also known as a micro neighborhood or micro community, refers to a small-scale geographic area within a larger neighborhood or urban setting. It typically encompasses a few blocks or a compact area and is characterized by a strong sense of identity, shared resources, and a close-knit community. A meso locality would typically encompass a larger area than a micro locality but smaller than the overall city or region. It could refer to a neighborhood, a district, or a cluster of several micro localities within a specific geographic boundary. The exact size and boundaries of a meso locality can vary depending on the context and the scale of analysis. I interpret “macro locality” as a higher-level geographic unit, it would refer to a larger administrative or geographical area that encompasses multiple meso or micro localities within it. The macro locality represents a broader scale of analysis and organization. Heritage consumption refers to the act of engaging with and experiencing cultural heritage sites, artifacts, traditions, and practices for various purposes, including tourism, leisure, education, and personal enrichment. It involves the consumption of heritage resources and the associated experiences, whether tangible or intangible. An agrihood, short for “agricultural neighborhood,” is a type of residential development that integrates agricultural elements and a focus on sustainable food production within a community. It combines traditional neighborhood amenities with working farms, community gardens, and agricultural open spaces. The concept of agrihoods aims to promote sustainable living, community engagement, and a connection to nature and food sources. A city district, also known as an urban district, is a specific area within a city that is distinguished by its unique characteristics, function, or administrative boundaries. City districts are often smaller subdivisions of a larger city and are typically governed by local authorities or district councils. They can have their own distinct identities, cultural features, and urban planning considerations. 8 INTRODUCTION We are at the turn of the third decade after democracy was introduced to South Africa. Previous colonial regimes oppressed and segregated native inhabitants, enforcing an unfavorable environment to all who called it home. The introduction of democracy was to reform the ills of the past and restore the dignity of the previously disadvantaged population. The implementation of this notion has proven to be difficult through various fields of life through culture, social stature, and the economic status etc. This paper will focus on the spatial outcomes, challenges, and the potential solutions through the lens of urban design. Orlando West in Soweto is identified as the focus area, a well revered township for its involvement in South Africa’s fight towards political freedom. This area has been chosen as a prototype of townships that still endure the spatial inequalities and disparities long after democracy was achieved. This investigation investigates urban design strategies that would empower the residents to lead their lives as an inclusive contributor to the urbanity of the Johannesburg Metropolitan District. figure 2: Soweto Towers. (Pexels., 2022) 9 figure 5: Soweto Neighbourhoods, Orlando West focus area. (Nieftagodien and Gaule, 2012.)figure 4: Orlando West in Soweto. (Author, 2022) figure 3: Soweto in Johannesburg Municipality. (Author, 2022) VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT SITE: LOCALITY 0 2.5 5 km VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 10 1900s: New housing in Orlando 1911: Johannesburg SOWETO ORIGINS _TIMELINE figure 6: Soweto History. (Nieftagodien and Gaule, 2012.) Locally and throughout the world, immigrants flooded in. Johannesburg had 100,000 residents by 1899. And barely 25 years after the city’s establishment, in 1911, there were roughly 240 000 people living there. Only New York’s growth rate was faster than Johannesburg’s. Soweto’s beginnings may be traced to the turn of the 20th century. The 1904 plague, Orlando’s founding in 1930, and Mpanza’s squatter movement in the middle of the 1940s were three crucial turning points in the township’s pre-apartheid growth. Each of these factors had a unique role in elevating Soweto to the top neighborhood in Johannesburg for the African community. Klipspruit was designated as a permanent settlement for the city’s African population in September 1904, or at least for those who weren’t living in compounds or in backrooms on their employers’ houses. The people who 1886-1888: Early Johannesburg Johannesburg was officially founded in 1886 following the finding of gold and expanded quickly over the following several decades to become South Africa’s primary economic hub and most pop- ulated metropolis. The mining community established in 1887 to house early mine diggers only had 3 000 residents, but as the gold rush gained steam, the town’s population skyrocketed. 11 1963: South Western Township 1900s: Separate Development VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT Only in 1963, following the townships’ explosive growth in Johannesburg’s south-western suburbs beginning in the 1950s, was the term Soweto officially adopted. Africans who did not work in the mining industry were formerly to be found in the inner-city slums and municipal areas, along with many other impoverished residents of this fast growing “city of gold.” The Public Health Committee expressed shock at how “the Malays, Indians, and Kaffirs were jumbled all over the place... [with] men and women of diverse colors and ethnicities.” The goal of the committee’s planners, engineers, and medical professionals, according to Phillips, was “a contemporary, organized metropolis, with its inhabitants clearly segregated by race, class, and ethnicity once and for all.” For the advantage of its white people, Johannesburg was to be adequately separated. According to the committee, “the normal development of the European people would be jeopardized by the current state of affairs,” therefore “the existence and future of Johannesburg as a white man’s town in a white man’s nation is involved.” lived at “African’s Location” were relocated to Klipspruit in 1906. There were 2 500 Africans living there in 1908, according to the revised location. The Native (Urban) Areas Act of 1923 was passed. The Act was a hybrid of laws. On the one hand, it upheld the tenets of the Stallard Commission of 1922, which infamously stated that an African “should only be allowed into the urban areas, which are essentially the white man’s creation, when he is willing to enter and minister to the needs of the white man, and should depart therefrom when he ceases to do so.” VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 12 1970s: Bantu Education 1950s: “Imbokodo” The Rock The paradigm of “Bantu Education” was aimed at producing laborers to serve the elite white. It followed that all non-whites should employ Afrikaans as the main medium of learning at all schools. The pass law affected all non-whites. It can be argued that it affected women more as their common place of work was in the kitchens in white affluent neighborhoods. On the 9th of August 1956 women from various townships gathered in Orlando West and marched to Pretoria against passes. SOWETO ORIGINS _TIMELINE_continued figure 6: Soweto History continued. (Nieftagodien and Gaule, 2012.) 1960s: Inspired by Black Consciousness The liberation movements suffered crippling blows as a result of state repression in the 1960s. The 1960s may be characterized as a time of political calm in contrast to the campaigns of the 1950s and the protracted political confrontations that followed the rebellion of June 16th uprising. Although apartheid seemed to have total control in the late 1960s and early 1970s, there were early indications of a new atmosphere of defiance, with the young of the townships taking the lead. ‘The basic tenet of Black Consciousness is that the Blackman must reject all value systems that seek to make him a foreigner in the country of his birth and reduce his basic dignity,’ and ‘The Blackman must build up his own value system, see himself as self-defined and not as defined by others.’ 13 1970s: Bantu Education 1976s: Soweto Uprising 1990s to date: The rise of the “middle-class”. 1980s: Commercial Additions Political unrest did not settle in South Africa, however, many residents o Orlando realised entrepreneurial opportunities on and around their properties. Owners added backyard dwellings for rentals and frontyard buildings for commerce such as public telephone booths, hair salons, tuck shops etc. On the 16th of June in 1976, students from various schools in and around Orlando West gathered at Orlando West High School, They were to march to Orlando stadium. Unfortunately, the clashed against the police on at the corner of Kumalo Main road and the Klipspruit Valley road. Many lives were lost on this day including the well known Hector Pieterson. (See Khumalo Main & Vilakazi Street intersection on page 21) Nelson Mandela’s release from Robben Island on 11 February 1990 gave the nation hope or a better South Africa. The educational system was improved which allowed more non- white nationals better economic opportunities. This notion has introduced a rapidly growing middle-class which is concerned about improving their lives and living conditions although the separate development legacy still plagues their townships. VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 14 BACKGROUND RESEARCH OBJECTIVES PROBLEM STATEMENTS RESEARCH QUESTIONS We are at the turn of the third decade after democracy was introduced to South Africa. Previous colonial regimes oppressed and segregated native inhabitants, enforcing an unfavorable environment to all who called it home. The introduction of democracy was to reform the ills of the past and restore the dignity of the previously disadvantaged population. The implementation of this notion has proven to be difficult through various fields of life through culture, social stature, and the economic status etc. This paper will focus on the spatial outcomes, challenges, and the potential solutions through the lens of urban design. Orlando West in Soweto is identified as the focus area, a well revered township for its involvement in South Africa’s fight towards political freedom. This area has been chosen as a prototype of townships that still endure the spatial inequalities and disparities long after democracy was achieved. This investigation investigates urban design strategies that would empower the residents to lead their lives as an inclusive contributor to the urbanity of the Johannesburg Metropolitan District. Historically, African natives had a limited number of boundaries, titled ownership, industrialization and most importantly urbanization. This allowed for many tribes to practise the notion of “ubuntu”, which acknowledges the nature of inter-dependency that exists between all humans. After several centuries this order was to be challenged by western ideologies with introduction of colonialism and later apartheid. The spatial planning of Apartheid created townships for a segregated non-white labour class which were located far from city centres. This exacerbated the commuting time and traveling cost for the labourers. To address the apartheid spatial legacy, several spatial development frameworks identify townships and surrounding areas as spaces for spatial reform through spatial planning and land use legislation. This has been proven to be difficult as the affluent continue to dissociate themselves from these areas therefore the spatial disparities remain. Soweto is one of the largest townships that was conceived through the apartheid spatial legacy. It boasts a population of approximately 1.3 million people (et al., 2016) alongside several keystone political sites, events and leaders which played a large role in the development of Democracy in South Africa. The residents largely consist of lower economic class with indications of a rapidly growing middle class (et al., 2016). Its emphasis over the past two decades has been to improve its connectivity, mixed use activities, social infrastructure, and consolidated public spaces. The high population densities and the low built form densities offer a latent potential for densification strategies around established nodes and the Transit Orientated Developments which began approximately a decade ago . Historically, the primary infrastructure was for vehicular access and RDP residences which had limited social infrastructure, commercial upliftment, and primary services. Several museums, streets, homes, and heritage sites have become tourist attractions which are often disconnected and developed as landmarks within their communities. It is not till recently that is has been realised to be a formal, commercially accessible community. Additionally, developers and investors often identify key sites for malls which adversely affect the local economies, culture, and social development. Research Question: How can we transform the Orlando West, Vilakazi Street urban node and its adjacent nodes into a sustainable city district, with access to jobs and the full array of urban amenities? 5.2 Sub Question: How can we create a series of self-sufficient mixed-use nodes as growth points for jobs within the area? How can we develop mixed land uses and social services through making use of a good street patterns and public transport? How could a spatial planning ‘toolkit’ on how to commercially develop previously disadvantaged communities assist in addressing the pertinent township realities? 15 A Precinct Plan provides specific local regions, nodes, or corridors with detailed design and development guidelines. This should go beyond just providing land use advice and particularly address the goals for the entire urban mold and public spaces. A thorough action or execution strategy for projects included in the research is included in what is sometimes referred to as an Urban Design Framework. This research paper aims to propose a precinct plan for the Vilakazi Street Precinct as this may provide more difinitive solutions on how to address the ongoing challenges and the how to harnes existing latent potential. figure 7: The Precinct Plan in the context of a package of plans. (Johannesburg Development Agency, n.d.) VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT Growth & Development Strate- gy (GDS) Spatial Development Frame- work (SDF) - 2040 Regional Spatial Development Framework (RSDF) Strategic Area Framework (SAF) Precinct Plan STRATEGIC INTENTION: PRECINCT PLAN VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 16 MAPPING figure 8: Hector Pieterson Statue. (Pexels, 2022) 17 VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT MACRO LOCALITY _ROODEPOORT CONNECTIVITY Main Reef Rd Albertina Sisulu Rd ROODEPOORT figure 9: Soweto and Roodepoort in metropolitan context. (Author, 2022) figure 10: Connecting Soweto to Roodepoort. (Author, 2022) Orlando West is well connected to the Johannesburg CBD through several transportational routes and modes which include the Empire Perth Corridor (c). North of Soweto lies Roodepoort a middle to upper class urban area which used to have a well developed central business district, it is currently experiencing degradation as people are moving closer to developing areas. There are limited access routes (a & b) to link the two developing areas. Strengthening the routes to the north would improve and allow access for more communities such as Northcliff, Randpark Ridge and Northriding. a) c)b) 0 1 km VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 18 MOVEMENT/CONNECTIVITY FRAMEWORK _EMPIRE PERTH CORRIDOR The “Corridors of Freedom” are one of the ways the City plans to change long-standing settlement patterns of apartheid that have kept many marginalized groups outside the city limits and away from access to employment, growth, and economic opportunities. (Johannesburg Development Agency, n.d.) The Empire Perth Development Corridor is a strategic area framework that was developed to connect several neighbourhoods west to the Johannesburg CBD, from Braamfontein, through Auckland Park and Westbury and it culminates with Pennyville and Noordgesig in Orlando West, Soweto. I am of the understanding that this is due to the recently constructed Orlando Stadium which was used during the 2010 FIFA World Cup. The strategy of the framework is to re-stitch several prominent neighbourhoods through an affordable transit orientated development (TOD) which offers accessible public transport, emproves the spatial economy, connects the social clusters and densifies the population and buildings along the corridor, The approach is to use an incremental approach which will allow for a sustainable development for all the identified communities. While this approach may offer nuemrous benefits they come with some disadvantages. Firstly, through gentrification, when property values rise and low- income residents may be displaced, which can result from the regeneration and growing appeal of regions near transit hubs. Secondly, to make the most of the limited real estate by housing as many people as possible, TODs usually focus on high-density buildings, such as apartments or condominiums, which may result in a lack of variation in housing. Lastly, property values and rentals are frequently higher in TODs, especially those that are found in upscale metropolitan neighborhoods with convenient access to public transit. Because of the potential increase in cost of living, it may be difficult for families and people with lower incomes to purchase homes in these places. Effectively, the spatial stitch through TODs may result in a socio-economic rapture. figure 9: Key economic areas (Johannesburg Development Agency, n.d.) figure 11: Key edges and mixed-use areas with edges. (Johannesburg Development Agency, n.d.) 19 figure 12: Framework plan, illustrating areas earmarked for urban development. (Johannesburg Development Agency, n.d.) VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT 0 0.5 1 km VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 20 MESO LOCALITY _ORLANDO WEST & EAST figure 13: . Orlando Stadium (News24, 2022) figure 14: Meso locality. (Author, 2021) M oo ki Str . Vilakazi Str. Kumalo M ain Rd. K lip sp ru it Va lle y Rd . Orlando West, Soweto boasts several cultural and social amenities that draw people from different parts of Gauteng, South Africa and the world internationally. Orlando West and East are separated by the Klipspruit Valley Road which connects the area to the N1 Western Bypass. East of the road, lies the Orlando Stadium which was constructed shortly before 2010 FIFA World Cup (a) which is now home to the Orlando Pirates football club. A stone’s throw away from the stadium lies the Orlando East Communall Hall, Sports & Recreation (b). On the adjacent street (Mooki street), there are several high schools, places of worship, the Orlando Magistrate Court (c), the Orlando Post Office (d), SAPS Orlando Police Station (e), UJ Soweto YMCA Residence (f), Orlando Rail Station (g) and the Orlando West Swimming Complex (h). The infrastructure, social and cutltural amenities render the Orlando West and East area rich for future development and urban connectivity. These amenities (a-h) are in a 30 min walking and 10 min driving radius from Vilakazi Street. a) b) c) d) e) g) h) f) Boundary of V ilakazi S tre et Precinct 21 M oo ki Str . MICRO LOCALITY _VILAKAZI PRECINCT Vilakazi Str. M oe m a S tr. K lip sp ru it Va lle y Rd . Khumalo M ain Rd. d) d) d) c) figure 15: Heritage Consumption. (Author, 2022) *Boundary of Vilakazi Street Precinct figure 16: Micro locality. (Author, 2022) b) a) VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT The main attractions to the area are the heritage tourism amenities; Hector Pieterson Memorial Museum (a), Mandela House Museum (b), Desmond Tutu House (c) and the Schools (d) that played pivotal roles in the 1976 Soweto uprising, which have given opportunities to local economies to invest in and cater for tourists. Artisans, traders, photographers, and performance artists have various offerings for tourists. Small informal frontyard dwellings have been formalised to heritage restaurants which offer South African traditional food and beverages. This experience offers tourists an authentic experience of the South African cuisine and history simultaneously VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 22 STUDY AREA_ INCREMENTAL DEVELOPMENT 2000: Shortly after the implementation of democracy in South Africa most of the socio-cultural heritage, and the provision of public amenities had not been acknowledged for the previously disadvantaged population, Orlando West, Soweto was exemplary of this. Resultantly, the government focused on cultural heritage and spatial development to address the past social ills. 2012: The Vilakazi Street Precinct upgrading was completed in 2010 alongside the World Cup to accommodate international tourists who would have also visited the Orlando Stadium which is nearby. This included the upgrade of the schools (e), transport interchanges (f) and pedestrian (g) and vehicular infrastructure (h). See Vilakazi Street precinct upgrading. 2004: At the turn of the first decade, several public amenities were developed and they included urban upgrades to accommodate international and local visitors and to improve the living conditions of the immediate inhabitants. The Hector Pieterson Memorial Museum (a), and Mandela House museum (b) were key components for the development of the Vilakazi Precinct area. a) b) e) h) i)j) k) g) f) c) d) K um alo M ain R d. K um al o M ai n R d . 2018: The continous increase of visitors created greater opportunities for local businesses and entrepreneurs. More restaurants such as Kwa Luchaba (i), retailers (j), informal traders and artists (k) formed a business node along Vilakazi Street and the Hector Pieterson Memorial Museum. 2008: Consecutive to the development of socio-political amenities, social amenities such as educational facilities, transport nodes and health care facilities were developed. The Sisulu Mandela Clinic (c) developed on the edge of this precinct to accommodate access for more communities. Simaltaneously, Sakhumzi’s restaurant (d) was extended. 2021: With a ever growing middle class, more locals and neighbouring town visitors have access to the “international tourist” amenities, which formalises the area as a business node. This has lead to limited parking areas, an increase in building density, increased security measures through higher boundary walls for the local inhabitants and loss of the street as public space. figure 17: Vilakazi Street Precinct Historical Development. (Author, 2022) 23 VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT MICRO LOCALITY _VILAKAZI STREET PRECINCT UPGRADING figure 19: Vilakazi Street near Mandela House Museum. (JDA, n.d.) figure 18: Entrance to Vilakazi Street with hands spelling ‘Vilakazi”. (JDA, n.d.) Client: Johannesburg Development Agency Proessional Team: Goba Consulting Engineers and Project Managers Main Contractors: Bophelong Construction (Pty) Ltd. Major Subcontractors and Suppliers: JAC Road Surfacing, Bosun Brick, AfriSam, Drift Super Sand The Vilakazi Street Precinct was upgraded at the turn of the century, to accommodate international and local tourists who visit the area for the struggle heritage which includes the schools involved in the ‘1976 Soweto Uprising’ and the homes of the Nobel Prize winners, Nelson Mandela and Desmond Tutu. The upgrade covered a 1.8 km radius, providing pedestrian and traic movement inrastructure to a total project cost o approximately R1.7 million. Historically, the upgrade was sufficient, today it primarilly suffers from a higher influx of visitors, an increased population density, and a lack of amenities to accommodate the locals and visitors. a) b) c) figure 20: Vilakazi Street realignment near Sakumzi’s Restaurant. (JDA, n.d.) Sakhumzi Restaurant VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 24 a) The Phefeni Rail Station is one of the renowned stations in Soweto. It connects the Vilakazi Street Precinct to the the rest of Gauteng via railway. b) The Mandela Sisulu Clinic was constructed on the site of Phomolong Clinic, a facility that gained notoriety during the 1976 revolt when many of the injured kids sought care there. c) The Belle Primary School and d) Mbuyisa Makhubu Primary School students played a role alongside other local schools during the 1976 uprising. a) c) b) d) figure 22: Orlando West social infrastructure site study. (Author, 2022)figure 21: Key macro locality map. (Author, 2022) 25 h) The Hector Pieterson Memorial Museum was named after one of the first casualties which were shot by the police during the 1976 uprising. But it commemorates all the participants who marched. e) Uncle Tom’s Community Centre is a large hall that the residents of the local community gather in for communal, social and religious reasons. f) The Department of Home Affairs Soweto, assists local residents and foreign nationals with national legal documents such as identity documents, passports and visas. g) Kwa Lichaba Chesanyama is a restaurant and bar that serves a menu of barbecued “braaied” meat and other traditional food. EXISTING CONDITIONS _MACRO f)e) g) h) figure 24: Orlando West social infrastructure site study. (Author, 2022)figure 23: Key macro locality map. (Author, 2022) VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 26 i) k) j) l) figure 26: Vilakazi precinct social infrastructure site study. (Author, 2022) i) The Orlando West High School and j) Phefeni Senior State School hosted the main student body and gatherings that lead to the 1976 student uprising. k) Mandela House is an international attraction that preserves, presents the historical heritage of the Mandela family. l) Sakhumzi is one of the first and most renowned restaurants in the area. It boasts a comprehensive buffet of local traditional cuisine and drinks. figure 25: Key micro locality map. (Author, 2022) 27 EXISTING CONDITION _MICRO The m) Tutu House is a national heritage site which Bishop Desmond Tutu used live in. At has since been upgraded from its initial architectural form. It curently serves as a private residence, making it unaccessible to the public. There is a lot of n) Informal Trading that occurs in the area. Most traders sell arteacts, art, clothes and photography. The o) Art and Performances are mainly directed at international visitors. They mainly take place in the streets and pedestrian walkways in front of the restaurants and prominent attractions in the area. With the aim to enable underprivileged communities private companies and banks have installed p) Free Wifi Spots to assist the community with digital connection. These areas have latent potential as gathering spaces for the local residents. n)m) o) p) figure 28: Vilakazi precinct micro site study. (Author, 2022)figure 27: Key micro locality map. (Author, 2022) VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 28 TOWNSHIP REDEVELOPMENT_PRECEDENTS_spatial legacy Learning From Our Own Backyard is an investigation on the informal development of backyard rooms in South Africa. This might be a servant’s quarter, a granny flat, ‘a room for rent’, an informal shop, a spaza or a hairdressing salon. In many instances these backyard rooms have been informally developed built by the owners of the formal house in an attempt to derive income from their properties. (Poulsen & Silverman,2002) Backyard rooms are a notable feature of South African urban landscape and have a long- history in South African cities. The proposal does not only aim to use land and space more efficiently but it creates public and private courtyards which allow for passive surveillance, parking and an opportunity for future extension(s) for economic income. The flexible-modular design formalises informality, decreases the required infrastructure and services by sharing property boundary wall and implementing a row housing typology which improves the urban edge condition and street frontage. The proposed design aims to incorporate these principles to address the consequences of the spatial legacy. Architects: Lone Poulsen and Melinda Silverman Completed: 2002 Location: Alexandra, Johannesburg figure 29: Urban Expansion. (Poulsen et al, 2002) 29 Ekhaya Neighborhood Project + Upgrades of Existing Buildings is about finding a home in the city, of accepting a place and thereby a reciprocal relationship with their environment for which they start to take responsibility. It is therefore this process which over a period of time starts to impact on the environment. Through an incremental process of community organizing, making contact and opening channels of communication, eKhaya established a neighborhood Association of property owners. (Savage+Dodd , 2002) This setup of forum for building manager, formed links with other local community disorganization and built relationships with city councilors, departments, agencies and law enforcement authorities. This project was successul in achieving a safer urban environment within a community which is known for high rates of crime, violence and vandalism. The implemention required an intangible solution which lead to a social cohesion through shared ownership and public responsibilities. This type of agency enables urban surveillance and a better livable environment through urban governance. The prposed design aims to implement tangible and intangible solutions that would improve the urban experience for the residents. Architects: Savage + Dodd Architects Completed: 2002 Location: Hillbrow, Johannesburg URBAN REDEVELOPMENT_PRECEDENTS_urban governance figure 30: Ekhaya Neighbourhood Projects. (Savage+Dodd, 2002) VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 30 URBAN DEVELOPMENT_PRECEDENTS_building densification Hatfield CBD Development Hatfield East Development Hatfield is located on the East of the Tshwane CBD. It boasts several embassies , departmental offices and it is well known for its University of Pretoria precinct. This area has developed into a radiant district for students and young working professionals. It has developed as one of Tshwane’s major districts through infrastructure, building densification, policies and socio- economic development. The highlighted areas in the diagrams depict the area’s development over the past two decades. The Hatfield business district is anchored by the shopping centre, Gautrain station, small businesses, restaurants and offices around it, The east development area, like the Vilakazi precinct is primarily residential with several heritage buildings. It is a buffer between the universities main campus and sports campus. 20172022Hatfield East Development Hatfield CBD Development Brooklyn Hillcrest UNIVERSITY OF PRETORIA figure 31: Urban Expansion. (Poulsen et al, 2022) figure 32: Hatfield urban development. (Author, 2002) 31 This urban development study area was chosen as an illustration of how a residential area with an anchor attraction can densify over time. Although the forces of change in this study area are different to that of the Vilakazi Street Precinct (VSP) some principles may be observed. Hatfield is anchored by the University for which all the surrounding developments were to accommodate for. The VSP is achored by its cultural heritage, memory and social amenities which have seen the area’s residential built form develop and improve in its economic value. Hatfield has increased its building densification to accommodate students. The VSP has done so to accommodate cultural attractions and economic exchange. Formalising the urban densification strategy of VSP can address the ongoing spatial issues that limit the existing business, cultural attractions and most importantly offer the residents an economic opportunity on their property value and ownership. URBAN REDEVELOPMENT_PRECEDENTS_building densification VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT Hatfield CBD Development Hatfield East Development 200220072012 VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 32 figure 33: Vilakazi street art. (Authur, 2022) STRATEGIC AREA FRAMEWORK 33 ISSUES: VILAKAZI PRECINCT INFORMALITY • FRONTYARD & BACKYARD DWELLINGS, • STREET/WALKWAY ENCROACHMENT, • ILLEGAL SERVICES, • LACK OF URBAN GOVERNANCE, AND, • UNSUSTAINABLY BUILT FORM LIMITED COMMUNAL RECREATIONAL FACILITIES • PUBLIC SPACE, • PUBLIC PARK, • PUBLIC SPORTS, • PUBLIC RECREATION, & • PUBLIC SAFETY LIMITED PUBLIC INFRASTRUCTURE • PARKING • PEDESTRIAN WALKWAYS • CYCLE LANES • MONO-FUNCTIONAL LANDUSES VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT figure 34: Existing low density condition. (JDA, 2018) HISTORIC CONDITIONS residential 4 EXISTING BUILDING DENSITY SECOND DWELLING attached & detatched SUB-DIVISION & NEW DWELLINGS increased bulk rights residential 1 CURRENT CONDITIONS The Vilakazi street precinct has superceded the success which was desired from the urban upgrade a decade ago. It now suffers from illegal formal structures encroaching the public realm, over populated walkways, wrongly used as for parking, performances and informal trading. This paradigm impeaches upon the community’s lived experience as township streets have become a shared space; for events such as weddings, funerals, sports and performances, entrepreneural opportunities, and as a space for cultural exchange. The apartheid spatial planning did not accommodate for the observed developments, resultantly the residents resort to informal spatial planning. The spatial legacy was oppressive through not accommodating for “urban luxuries” such as recreational facilities and public infrastructure. These issues are explored and highlighted in the mapping in this chapter. VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 34 figure 36: Existing Orlando West Conditions. (Author, 2022) Direction of the Soweto Towers figure 35: Existing Soweto Conditions Keyplan. (Author, 2022) 1624.00000000 1606.00000000 1612.00000000 1618.00000000 1652.00000000 1640.00000000 1588.00000000 1624.00000000 1612.00000000 1588.00000000 1630.00000000 1584.00000000 1590.00000000 1620.00000000 1592.00000000 1590.00000000 1590.00000000 1630.00000000 1646.00000000 1626.00000000 1648.00000000 1636.00000000 1610.00000000 1666.00000000 1628.00000000 1628.00000000 1614.00000000 1642.00000000 1634.00000000 1584.00000000 1638.00000000 1626.00000000 1586.00000000 1598.00000000 1606.00000000 1638.00000000 1622.00000000 1590.00000000 1624.00000000 1668.00000000 1658.00000000 1626.00000000 1604.00000000 1584.00000000 1632.00000000 1622.00000000 1592.00000000 1594.00000000 1594.00000000 1588.00000000 1582.00000000 1644.00000000 1630.00000000 1640.00000000 1632.00000000 1620.00000000 1634.00000000 1610.00000000 1634.00000000 1632.00000000 1666.00000000 1638.00000000 1660.00000000 1602.00000000 1628.00000000 1622.00000000 1610.00000000 1608.00000000 1592.00000000 1640.00000000 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1648.00000000 1592.00000000 1582.00000000 1644.00000000 1656.00000000 1588.00000000 1590.00000000 1662.00000000 1610.00000000 1628.00000000 1660.00000000 1662.00000000 1654.00000000 1626.00000000 1658.00000000 1600.00000000 1614.00000000 1608.00000000 1592.00000000 1590.00000000 1652.00000000 1592.00000000 1628.00000000 1610.00000000 1628.00000000 1596.00000000 1652.00000000 1608.00000000 1612.00000000 1588.00000000 1588.00000000 1618.00000000 1588.00000000 1654.00000000 1590.00000000 1606.00000000 1602.00000000 1636.00000000 1610.00000000 1628.00000000 1630.00000000 1594.00000000 1614.00000000 1632.00000000 1590.00000000 1646.00000000 1626.00000000 1604.00000000 1644.00000000 1622.00000000 1640.00000000 1598.00000000 1658.00000000 1628.00000000 1660.00000000 1644.00000000 1620.00000000 1632.00000000 1656.00000000 1618.00000000 1660.000000001622.00000000 1616.00000000 1638.00000000 1592.00000000 1628.00000000 1586.00000000 1596.00000000 1 : 5000 GROUND FLOOR PLAN1 DEVELOPMENT STRUCTURE _ORLANDO WEST CONTOURS 1624.00000000 1606.00000000 1612.00000000 1618.00000000 1652.00000000 1640.00000000 1588.00000000 1624.00000000 1612.00000000 1588.00000000 1630.00000000 1584.00000000 1590.00000000 1620.00000000 1592.00000000 1590.00000000 1590.00000000 1630.00000000 1646.00000000 1626.00000000 1648.00000000 1636.00000000 1610.00000000 1666.00000000 1628.00000000 1628.00000000 1614.00000000 1642.00000000 1634.00000000 1584.00000000 1638.00000000 1626.00000000 1586.00000000 1598.00000000 1606.00000000 1638.00000000 1622.00000000 1590.00000000 1624.00000000 1668.00000000 1658.00000000 1626.00000000 1604.00000000 1584.00000000 1632.00000000 1622.00000000 1592.00000000 1594.00000000 1594.00000000 1588.00000000 1582.00000000 1644.00000000 1630.00000000 1640.00000000 1632.00000000 1620.00000000 1634.00000000 1610.00000000 1634.00000000 1632.00000000 1666.00000000 1638.00000000 1660.00000000 1602.00000000 1628.00000000 1622.00000000 1610.00000000 1608.00000000 1592.00000000 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1648.00000000 1668.00000000 1594.00000000 1604.00000000 1624.00000000 1608.00000000 1600.00000000 1596.00000000 1588.00000000 1606.00000000 1594.00000000 1624.00000000 1656.00000000 1640.00000000 1604.00000000 1610.00000000 1614.00000000 1586.00000000 1642.00000000 1598.00000000 1634.00000000 1614.00000000 1638.00000000 1602.00000000 1626.00000000 1630.00000000 1660.00000000 1664.00000000 1640.00000000 1636.00000000 1622.00000000 1602.00000000 1588.00000000 1610.00000000 1590.00000000 1608.00000000 1592.00000000 1664.00000000 1650.00000000 1600.00000000 1644.00000000 1630.00000000 1606.00000000 1654.00000000 1590.00000000 1588.00000000 1620.00000000 1588.000000001590.00000000 1624.00000000 1590.00000000 1636.00000000 1610.00000000 1608.00000000 1610.00000000 1636.00000000 1614.00000000 1622.00000000 1634.00000000 1608.00000000 1624.00000000 1650.00000000 1628.00000000 1586.00000000 1638.00000000 1606.00000000 1662.00000000 1606.00000000 1604.00000000 1630.00000000 1654.00000000 1632.00000000 1648.00000000 1592.00000000 1582.00000000 1644.00000000 1656.00000000 1588.00000000 1590.00000000 1662.00000000 1610.00000000 1628.00000000 1660.00000000 1662.00000000 1654.00000000 1626.00000000 1658.00000000 1600.00000000 1614.00000000 1608.00000000 1592.00000000 1590.00000000 1652.00000000 1592.00000000 1628.00000000 1610.00000000 1628.00000000 1596.00000000 1652.00000000 1608.00000000 1612.00000000 1588.00000000 1588.00000000 1618.00000000 1588.00000000 1654.00000000 1590.00000000 1606.00000000 1602.00000000 1636.00000000 1610.00000000 1628.00000000 1630.00000000 1594.00000000 1614.00000000 1632.00000000 1590.00000000 1646.00000000 1626.00000000 1604.00000000 1644.00000000 1622.00000000 1640.00000000 1598.00000000 1658.00000000 1628.00000000 1660.00000000 1644.00000000 1620.00000000 1632.00000000 1656.00000000 1618.00000000 1660.000000001622.00000000 1616.00000000 1638.00000000 1592.00000000 1628.00000000 1586.00000000 1596.00000000 1 : 5000 GROUND FLOOR PLAN1 The Vilakazi street precinct is located adjacent a rocky outcrop which is the highest in the area. It falls from north-west to south-east towards the Klipspruit river, which forms a natural valley between Orlando West and Orlando East. This topography offers a stormwater management advantage, views of the surroundings and landmarks such as the Soweto Towers and more. The Soweto Towers are a local and international tourist attraction which offer bunjee jumping and heritage consumption, similar to the VSP. The local streets primarily follow the contour lines, making the arterial routs significantly steeper with faster stormwater run-off, Vilakazi Street is characterised by this notion. The design proposal will investigate stormwater calming measures such as reducing the lengths of the long steep roads by changing direction into wiers and bioswales. 35 The Vilakazi street precinct is accessible by most public modes of transport namely, the metrorail, metrobus, Rea Vaya BRT, Putco bus, and Taxis. It is sandwiched inbetween two railway tracks which lead further into Soweto and connect back to the Johannesburg CBD. Both train stations (Phefeni and the Orlando rail staion) are within a 10 minute walking distance from Vilakazi street (indicated by the 800m radius). There are several Rea Vaya bus stops (green) along the street and informal taxi ranks along Khumalo Main Rd and Vilakazi Street. Having BRT stops on the vibrant Vilakazi Street reduces the public activity and prioritises vehicles over pedestrians. EXISTING CONDITIONS_EXISTING ACCESS_connectivity figure 37: Existing transportation access. (Author, 2022) T T T T T T T T T T KLIPSPRUIT VALLEY * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * ** * * * * * TSOLO TSOLO * * * * SKOSANA * * * * * TAMBO COKA MUTI MANDELA JEMLANA RAMAROLA DIREKO TSEKEDI MJI MABANE NKWE MOTLANA NKADIMENG MAKABENI SENOKOANYANE MALEFANE MASELI MEEKA MAMPURU MAMPURU MOEKETSI PHOOFOLU MAMPURU KHUELE VILAKAZI MALIE MOEMA MOEMA VILAKAZI ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG BUTSHINGI RAMPA PHIRE MALIE HASTINGS NDLOVU FUNANI SENTSO TSHIDZUMBA MARITSELA TWALA * SIBASA NDLOVU NDLOVU THANGENI MIHLABA * NDLOVU * * PHIPHIDI LOBENCULO MOTLAPORO THABO MBELA MASILO GRAIG MERAPELO MODIBA TSUBAKI TSHABANGU CHALKER MAROLE SOBUZA MTIPA MAHALEFELE BICKLEY SCHRADER NKUNA SHILUVAN MALIMUHA KUTAMA NGEMA MNGUNI LISUTHO KHUMALO MKHASIBE SIBEKO MNGUNI MTULI NKOSI MKHABAYI * PELA THAKADU TLOU MAZIBUKO SABELA YENDE NAKEDI KENANG PHIRI * MHLONGO MSIMANGA MSIMANGA MONLOMI HLONGWANE BOIKHUTSO SOWETO SOWETOSOWETO SOWETO SOWETOSOWETO SOWETO POKA POOECARR NOBANDA KGAYE MNGOMEZULU * MPHANANA MOKALE MORAMOTSE * NKUNGU CARR NKWANCA* OAK POPLAR SYRINGA MOSES MOSES MOPHIRING NGIDI MOLELEKI MARTHA LOUW MORAMOTSE NTOMBELA NTOMBELA PALO *MVUBU NYANGA YEZIZWE ZULU HENNESSY OLIVER PODE SISULU MNGOMA MDA LESOLANG NGIBA LESOLANG MOOISELLE MOLOI MKWAYI LEBONA MBELE XOR NKABINDE RAMUSHU MARSH NGOZA KOBA TSHIKOSI LWAMANDO SEGAPO MLAMBO MONKOE LWAMANDO MAWILA NDLOVU NETSIANDA MPHAPHULI TSHIDZUMBA XABA MPULO LITABE ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG KUMALO * MASEKO ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG MAKHETHA LEMBEDE BAQWA BACELA * * NGAKANE XORILE PITSONYANE * * * * * * * * * * * * RATHEBE * MOOKI MOOKI LINK MBATA * * * * * * MAKHETHA * MAKHETHA SOFASONKE KUMALO * * MOOKI CHOCOE KGASI KAMBULA NYOKANA MOTHIBELI MNGADI PHAMOTSE MATHABA * MPHELE KGAKA KHOZA ADAMS BALLENDEN SARAH MAKAPELA HLATYWAYO LETSATSI MASITENYANE MAHLANGU KHUNOU MACFADYEN * PHETOE MNGIBISA PILANE BASIL ZUMA MACFADYEN XAKAXA TSOTETSI CHAKANE SERIPE TEMA SILGEE SEKANDO SIMELANE TAUNYANA VELDTMAN MOFUTSANYANA GAOBATLELWE MOTA MPANE MSIMANG HGCOBO SOFASONKE GOMBA PHIELA NGCULU MOKOENA SOFASONKE MASOPHA MOLAHLOE MAKHUDU NTESA * RAHLAO NZAMA * * ADAMS MARTHA LOUW * * * * * * MOFOKENG SOFASONKE * HERBY MDINGI * * NKOMYAHLABA * * * * PEZA MOKHELE NGWENYA SEGKAPANE * KHOMO * * * SOWETO HLISO HLABAKOE SHUENYANE MORAILANE SKOTA KUZWAYO KABANYANE PILISO MZINYANE MADHLALA KINGSLEY SITHOLE NICHOLAS MOOKI KHUMALO NORTH MDANISO SISULU �������� ������������������ Metrobus Route BRT Route Taxi Rank Putco Route T T T T T T T T T T T KLIPSPRUIT VALLEY * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * ** * * * * * TSOLO TSOLO * * * * SKOSANA * * * * * TAMBO COKA MUTI MANDELA JEMLANA RAMAROLA DIREKO TSEKEDI MJI MABANE NKWE MOTLANA NKADIMENG MAKABENI SENOKOANYANE MALEFANE MASELI MEEKA MAMPURU MAMPURU MOEKETSI PHOOFOLU MAMPURU KHUELE VILAKAZI MALIE MOEMA MOEMA VILAKAZI ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG BUTSHINGI RAMPA PHIRE MALIE HASTINGS NDLOVU FUNANI SENTSO TSHIDZUMBA MARITSELA TWALA * SIBASA NDLOVU NDLOVU THANGENI MIHLABA * NDLOVU * * PHIPHIDI LOBENCULO MOTLAPORO THABO MBELA MASILO GRAIG MERAPELO MODIBA TSUBAKI TSHABANGU CHALKER MAROLE SOBUZA MTIPA MAHALEFELE BICKLEY SCHRADER NKUNA SHILUVAN MALIMUHA KUTAMA NGEMA MNGUNI LISUTHO KHUMALO MKHASIBE SIBEKO MNGUNI MTULI NKOSI MKHABAYI * PELA THAKADU TLOU MAZIBUKO SABELA YENDE NAKEDI KENANG PHIRI * MHLONGO MSIMANGA MSIMANGA MONLOMI HLONGWANE BOIKHUTSO SOWETO SOWETO SOWETO SOWETO SOWETOSOWETO SOWETO POKA POOECARR NOBANDA KGAYE MNGOMEZULU * MPHANANA MOKALE MORAMOTSE * NKUNGU CARR NKWANCA * OAK POPLAR SYRINGA MOSES MOSES MOPHIRING NGIDI MOLELEKI MARTHA LOUW MORAMOTSE NTOMBELA NTOMBELA PALO *MVUBU NYANGA YEZIZW E ZULU HENNESSY OLIVER PODE SISULU MNGOMA MDA LESOLANG NGIBA LESOLANG MOOISELLE MOLOI MKWAYI LEBONA MBELE XOR NKABINDE RAMUSHU MARSH NGOZA KOBA TSHIKOSI LWAMANDO SEGAPO MLAMBO MONKOE LWAMANDO MAWILA NDLOVU NETSIANDA MPHAPHULI TSHIDZUMBA XABA MPULO LITABE ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG KUMALO * MASEKO ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG MAKHETHA LEMBEDE BAQWA BACELA * * NGAKANE XORILE PITSONYANE * * * * * * * * * * * * RATHEBE * MOOKI MOOKI LINK MBATA * * * * * * MAKHETHA * MAKHETHA SOFASONKE KUMALO * * MOOKI CHOCOE KGASI KAMBULA NYOKANA MOTHIBELI MNGADI PHAMOTSE MATHABA * MPHELE KGAKA KHOZA ADAMS BALLENDEN SARAH MAKAPELA HLATYWAYO LETSATSI MASITENYANE MAHLANGU KHUNOU MACFADYEN * PHETOE MNGIBISA PILANE BASIL ZUMA MACFADYEN XAKAXA TSOTETSI CHAKANE SERIPE TEMA SILGEE SEKANDO SIMELANE TAUNYANA VELDTMAN MOFUTSANYANA GAOBATLELWE MOTA MPANE MSIMANG HGCOBO SOFASONKE GOMBA PHIELA NGCULU MOKOENA SOFASONKE MASOPHA MOLAHLOE MAKHUDU NTESA * RAHLAO NZAMA * * ADAMS MARTHA LOUW * * * * * * MOFOKENG SOFASONKE * HERBY MDINGI * * NKOMYAHLABA * * * * PEZA MOKHELE NGWENYA SEGKAPANE * KHOMO * * * SOWETO HLISO HLABAKOE SHUENYANE MORAILANE SKOTA KUZWAYO KABANYANE PILISO MZINYANE MADHLALA KINGSLEY SITHOLE NICHOLAS MOOKI KHUMALO NORTH MDANISO SISULU �������� ������������������ VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT & Stop & Stop 800m radius Vilakazi Street K um alo M ain R oad 0 100m VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 36 EXISTING CONDITIONS_EXISTING SOCIAL INFRASTRUCTURE_disconnected amenities figure 38: Existing amenities settlements. (Author, 2022) KLIPSPRUIT VALLEY * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * ** * * * * * TSOLO TSOLO * * * * SKOSANA * * * * * TAMBO COKA MUTI MANDELA JEMLANA RAMAROLA DIREKO TSEKEDI MJI MABANE NKWE MOTLANA NKADIMENG MAKABENI SENOKOANYANE MALEFANE MASELI MEEKA MAMPURU MAMPURU MOEKETSI PHOOFOLU MAMPURU KHUELE VILAKAZI MALIE MOEMA MOEMA VILAKAZI ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG BUTSHINGI RAMPA PHIRE MALIE HASTINGS NDLOVU FUNANI SENTSO TSHIDZUMBA MARITSELA TWALA * SIBASA NDLOVU NDLOVU THANGENI MIHLABA * NDLOVU * * PHIPHIDI LOBENCULO MOTLAPORO THABO MBELA MASILO GRAIG MERAPELO MODIBA TSUBAKI TSHABANGU CHALKER MAROLE SOBUZA MTIPA MAHALEFELE BICKLEY SCHRADER NKUNA SHILUVAN MALIMUHA KUTAMA NGEMA MNGUNI LISUTHO KHUMALO MKHASIBE SIBEKO MNGUNI MTULI NKOSI MKHABAYI * PELA THAKADU TLOU MAZIBUKO SABELA YENDE NAKEDI KENANG PHIRI * MHLONGO MSIMANGA MSIMANGA MONLOMI HLONGWANE BOIKHUTSO SOWETO SOWETOSOWETO SOWETO SOWETOSOWETO SOWETO POKA POOECARR NOBANDA KGAYE MNGOMEZULU * MPHANANA MOKALE MORAMOTSE * NKUNGU CARR NKWANCA* OAK POPLAR SYRINGA MOSES MOSES MOPHIRING NGIDI MOLELEKI MARTHA LOUW MORAMOTSE NTOMBELA NTOMBELA PALO *MVUBU NYANGA YEZIZWE ZULU HENNESSY OLIVER PODE SISULU MNGOMA MDA LESOLANG NGIBA LESOLANG MOOISELLE MOLOI MKWAYI LEBONA MBELE XOR NKABINDE RAMUSHU MARSH NGOZA KOBA TSHIKOSI LWAMANDO SEGAPO MLAMBO MONKOE LWAMANDO MAWILA NDLOVU NETSIANDA MPHAPHULI TSHIDZUMBA XABA MPULO LITABE ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG KUMALO * MASEKO ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG MAKHETHA LEMBEDE BAQWA BACELA * * NGAKANE XORILE PITSONYANE * * * * * * * * * * * * RATHEBE * MOOKI MOOKI LINK MBATA * * * * * * MAKHETHA * MAKHETHA SOFASONKE KUMALO * * MOOKI CHOCOE KGASI KAMBULA NYOKANA MOTHIBELI MNGADI PHAMOTSE MATHABA * MPHELE KGAKA KHOZA ADAMS BALLENDEN SARAH MAKAPELA HLATYWAYO LETSATSI MASITENYANE MAHLANGU KHUNOU MACFADYEN * PHETOE MNGIBISA PILANE BASIL ZUMA MACFADYEN XAKAXA TSOTETSI CHAKANE SERIPE TEMA SILGEE SEKANDO SIMELANE TAUNYANA VELDTMAN MOFUTSANYANA GAOBATLELWE MOTA MPANE MSIMANG HGCOBO SOFASONKE GOMBA PHIELA NGCULU MOKOENA SOFASONKE MASOPHA MOLAHLOE MAKHUDU NTESA * RAHLAO NZAMA * * ADAMS MARTHA LOUW * * * * * * MOFOKENG SOFASONKE * HERBY MDINGI * * NKOMYAHLABA * * * * PEZA MOKHELE NGWENYA SEGKAPANE * KHOMO * * * SOWETO HLISO HLABAKOE SHUENYANE MORAILANE SKOTA KUZWAYO KABANYANE PILISO MZINYANE MADHLALA KINGSLEY SITHOLE NICHOLAS MOOKI KHUMALO NORTH MDANISO SISULU �������� ������������������ Community Development People Centres Health Clinics Primary Health Care Sports & Recreation KLIPSPRUIT VALLEY * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * ** * * * * * TSOLO TSOLO * * * * SKOSANA * * * * * TAMBO COKA MUTI MANDELA JEMLANA RAMAROLA DIREKO TSEKEDI MJI MABANE NKWE MOTLANA NKADIMENG MAKABENI SENOKOANYANE MALEFANE MASELI MEEKA MAMPURU MAMPURU MOEKETSI PHOOFOLU MAMPURU KHUELE VILAKAZI MALIE MOEMA MOEMA VILAKAZI ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG BUTSHINGI RAMPA PHIRE MALIE HASTINGS NDLOVU FUNANI SENTSO TSHIDZUMBA MARITSELA TWALA * SIBASA NDLOVU NDLOVU THANGENI MIHLABA * NDLOVU * * PHIPHIDI LOBENCULO MOTLAPORO THABO MBELA MASILO GRAIG MERAPELO MODIBA TSUBAKI TSHABANGU CHALKER MAROLE SOBUZA MTIPA MAHALEFELE BICKLEY SCHRADER NKUNA SHILUVAN MALIMUHA KUTAMA NGEMA MNGUNI LISUTHO KHUMALO MKHASIBE SIBEKO MNGUNI MTULI NKOSI MKHABAYI * PELA THAKADU TLOU MAZIBUKO SABELA YENDE NAKEDI KENANG PHIRI * MHLONGO MSIMANGA MSIMANGA MONLOMI HLONGWANE BOIKHUTSO SOWETO SOWETOSOWETO SOWETO SOWETOSOWETO SOWETO POKA POOECARR NOBANDA KGAYE MNGOMEZULU * MPHANANA MOKALE MORAMOTSE * NKUNGU CARR NKWANCA* OAK POPLAR SYRINGA MOSES MOSES MOPHIRING NGIDI MOLELEKI MARTHA LOUW MORAMOTSE NTOMBELA NTOMBELA PALO *MVUBU NYANGA YEZIZWE ZULU HENNESSY OLIVER PODE SISULU MNGOMA MDA LESOLANG NGIBA LESOLANG MOOISELLE MOLOI MKWAYI LEBONA MBELE XOR NKABINDE RAMUSHU MARSH NGOZA KOBA TSHIKOSI LWAMANDO SEGAPO MLAMBO MONKOE LWAMANDO MAWILA NDLOVU NETSIANDA MPHAPHULI TSHIDZUMBA XABA MPULO LITABE ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG KUMALO * MASEKO ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG MAKHETHA LEMBEDE BAQWA BACELA * * NGAKANE XORILE PITSONYANE * * * * * * * * * * * * RATHEBE * MOOKI MOOKI LINK MBATA * * * * * * MAKHETHA * MAKHETHA SOFASONKE KUMALO * * MOOKI CHOCOE KGASI KAMBULA NYOKANA MOTHIBELI MNGADI PHAMOTSE MATHABA * MPHELE KGAKA KHOZA ADAMS BALLENDEN SARAH MAKAPELA HLATYWAYO LETSATSI MASITENYANE MAHLANGU KHUNOU MACFADYEN * PHETOE MNGIBISA PILANE BASIL ZUMA MACFADYEN XAKAXA TSOTETSI CHAKANE SERIPE TEMA SILGEE SEKANDO SIMELANE TAUNYANA VELDTMAN MOFUTSANYANA GAOBATLELWE MOTA MPANE MSIMANG HGCOBO SOFASONKE GOMBA PHIELA NGCULU MOKOENA SOFASONKE MASOPHA MOLAHLOE MAKHUDU NTESA * RAHLAO NZAMA * * ADAMS MARTHA LOUW * * * * * * MOFOKENG SOFASONKE * HERBY MDINGI * * NKOMYAHLABA * * * * PEZA MOKHELE NGWENYA SEGKAPANE * KHOMO * * * SOWETO HLISO HLABAKOE SHUENYANE MORAILANE SKOTA KUZWAYO KABANYANE PILISO MZINYANE MADHLALA KINGSLEY SITHOLE NICHOLAS MOOKI KHUMALO NORTH MDANISO SISULU �������� ������������������ Community Development People Centres Health Clinics Primary Health Care Sports & Recreation 800m radius The social infrastructure in and around the Vilakazi street precinct is in walking proximity, which includes primary health care, education,community development and people centres alongside sports and recreational areas. The topography of the site does not allow for large sports and recreational facilities, however, the wetland along the Klipspruit River has latent potential for recreation and agricultural facilities. Notwithstanding, the long residential blocks make the area more difficult for pedestrians to access the various amenities and public transport. 0 100m Vilakazi Street K um alo M ain R oad 37 EXISTING CONDITIONS_EXISTING CONSOLIDATED INFRASTRUCTURE figure 39: Existing consolidated conditions. (Author, 2022) KLIPSPRUIT VALLEY * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * ** * * * * * TSOLO TSOLO * * * * SKOSANA * * * * * TAMBO COKA MUTI MANDELA JEMLANA RAMAROLA DIREKO TSEKEDI MJI MABANE NKWE MOTLANA NKADIMENG MAKABENI SENOKOANYANE MALEFANE MASELI MEEKA MAMPURU MAMPURU MOEKETSI PHOOFOLU MAMPURU KHUELE VILAKAZI MALIE MOEMA MOEMA VILAKAZI ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG BUTSHINGI RAMPA PHIRE MALIE HASTINGS NDLOVU FUNANI SENTSO TSHIDZUMBA MARITSELA TWALA * SIBASA NDLOVU NDLOVU THANGENI MIHLABA * NDLOVU * * PHIPHIDI LOBENCULO MOTLAPORO THABO MBELA MASILO GRAIG MERAPELO MODIBA TSUBAKI TSHABANGU CHALKER MAROLE SOBUZA MTIPA MAHALEFELE BICKLEY SCHRADER NKUNA SHILUVAN MALIMUHA KUTAMA NGEMA MNGUNI LISUTHO KHUMALO MKHASIBE SIBEKO MNGUNI MTULI NKOSI MKHABAYI * PELA THAKADU TLOU MAZIBUKO SABELA YENDE NAKEDI KENANG PHIRI * MHLONGO MSIMANGA MSIMANGA MONLOMI HLONGWANE BOIKHUTSO SOWETO SOWETOSOWETO SOWETO SOWETOSOWETO SOWETO POKA POOECARR NOBANDA KGAYE MNGOMEZULU * MPHANANA MOKALE MORAMOTSE * NKUNGU CARR NKWANCA* OAK POPLAR SYRINGA MOSES MOSES MOPHIRING NGIDI MOLELEKI MARTHA LOUW MORAMOTSE NTOMBELA NTOMBELA PALO *MVUBU NYANGA YEZIZWE ZULU HENNESSY OLIVER PODE SISULU MNGOMA MDA LESOLANG NGIBA LESOLANG MOOISELLE MOLOI MKWAYI LEBONA MBELE XOR NKABINDE RAMUSHU MARSH NGOZA KOBA TSHIKOSI LWAMANDO SEGAPO MLAMBO MONKOE LWAMANDO MAWILA NDLOVU NETSIANDA MPHAPHULI TSHIDZUMBA XABA MPULO LITABE ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG KUMALO * MASEKO ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG MAKHETHA LEMBEDE BAQWA BACELA * * NGAKANE XORILE PITSONYANE * * * * * * * * * * * * RATHEBE * MOOKI MOOKI LINK MBATA * * * * * * MAKHETHA * MAKHETHA SOFASONKE KUMALO * * MOOKI CHOCOE KGASI KAMBULA NYOKANA MOTHIBELI MNGADI PHAMOTSE MATHABA * MPHELE KGAKA KHOZA ADAMS BALLENDEN SARAH MAKAPELA HLATYWAYO LETSATSI MASITENYANE MAHLANGU KHUNOU MACFADYEN * PHETOE MNGIBISA PILANE BASIL ZUMA MACFADYEN XAKAXA TSOTETSI CHAKANE SERIPE TEMA SILGEE SEKANDO SIMELANE TAUNYANA VELDTMAN MOFUTSANYANA GAOBATLELWE MOTA MPANE MSIMANG HGCOBO SOFASONKE GOMBA PHIELA NGCULU MOKOENA SOFASONKE MASOPHA MOLAHLOE MAKHUDU NTESA * RAHLAO NZAMA * * ADAMS MARTHA LOUW * * * * * * MOFOKENG SOFASONKE * HERBY MDINGI * * NKOMYAHLABA * * * * PEZA MOKHELE NGWENYA SEGKAPANE * KHOMO * * * SOWETO HLISO HLABAKOE SHUENYANE MORAILANE SKOTA KUZWAYO KABANYANE PILISO MZINYANE MADHLALA KINGSLEY SITHOLE NICHOLAS MOOKI KHUMALO NORTH MDANISO SISULU �������� ������������������ Community Development People Centres Health Clinics Primary Health Care Sports & Recreation KLIPSPRUIT VALLEY * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * ** * * * * * TSOLO TSOLO * * * * SKOSANA * * * * * TAMBO COKA MUTI MANDELA JEMLANA RAMAROLA DIREKO TSEKEDI MJI MABANE NKWE MOTLANA NKADIMENG MAKABENI SENOKOANYANE MALEFANE MASELI MEEKA MAMPURU MAMPURU MOEKETSI PHOOFOLU MAMPURU KHUELE VILAKAZI MALIE MOEMA MOEMA VILAKAZI ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG BUTSHINGI RAMPA PHIRE MALIE HASTINGS NDLOVU FUNANI SENTSO TSHIDZUMBA MARITSELA TWALA * SIBASA NDLOVU NDLOVU THANGENI MIHLABA * NDLOVU * * PHIPHIDI LOBENCULO MOTLAPORO THABO MBELA MASILO GRAIG MERAPELO MODIBA TSUBAKI TSHABANGU CHALKER MAROLE SOBUZA MTIPA MAHALEFELE BICKLEY SCHRADER NKUNA SHILUVAN MALIMUHA KUTAMA NGEMA MNGUNI LISUTHO KHUMALO MKHASIBE SIBEKO MNGUNI MTULI NKOSI MKHABAYI * PELA THAKADU TLOU MAZIBUKO SABELA YENDE NAKEDI KENANG PHIRI * MHLONGO MSIMANGA MSIMANGA MONLOMI HLONGWANE BOIKHUTSO SOWETO SOWETOSOWETO SOWETO SOWETOSOWETO SOWETO POKA POOECARR NOBANDA KGAYE MNGOMEZULU * MPHANANA MOKALE MORAMOTSE * NKUNGU CARR NKWANCA* OAK POPLAR SYRINGA MOSES MOSES MOPHIRING NGIDI MOLELEKI MARTHA LOUW MORAMOTSE NTOMBELA NTOMBELA PALO *MVUBU NYANGA YEZIZWE ZULU HENNESSY OLIVER PODE SISULU MNGOMA MDA LESOLANG NGIBA LESOLANG MOOISELLE MOLOI MKWAYI LEBONA MBELE XOR NKABINDE RAMUSHU MARSH NGOZA KOBA TSHIKOSI LWAMANDO SEGAPO MLAMBO MONKOE LWAMANDO MAWILA NDLOVU NETSIANDA MPHAPHULI TSHIDZUMBA XABA MPULO LITABE ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG KUMALO * MASEKO ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG MAKHETHA LEMBEDE BAQWA BACELA * * NGAKANE XORILE PITSONYANE * * * * * * * * * * * RATHEBE * MOOKI MOOKI LINK MBATA * * * * * * * MAKHETHA * MAKHETHA SOFASONKE KUMALO * * MOOKI CHOCOE KGASI KAMBULA NYOKANA MOTHIBELI MNGADI PHAMOTSE MATHABA * MPHELE KGAKA KHOZA ADAMS BALLENDEN SARAH MAKAPELA HLATYWAYO LETSATSI MASITENYANE MAHLANGU KHUNOU MACFADYEN * PHETOE MNGIBISA PILANE BASIL ZUMA MACFADYEN XAKAXA TSOTETSI CHAKANE SERIPE TEMA SILGEE SEKANDO SIMELANE TAUNYANA VELDTMAN MOFUTSANYANA GAOBATLELWE MOTA MPANE MSIMANG HGCOBO SOFASONKE GOMBA PHIELA NGCULU MOKOENA SOFASONKE MASOPHA MOLAHLOE MAKHUDU NTESA * RAHLAO NZAMA * * ADAMS MARTHA LOUW * * * * * * MOFOKENG SOFASONKE * HERBY MDINGI * * NKOMYAHLABA * * * * PEZA MOKHELE NGWENYA SEGKAPANE * KHOMO * * * SOWETO HLISO HLABAKOE SHUENYANE MORAILANE SKOTA KUZWAYO KABANYANE PILISO MZINYANE MADHLALA KINGSLEY SITHOLE NICHOLAS MOOKI KHUMALO NORTH MDANISO SISULU �������� ������������������ T T T T T T T T T T KLIPSPRUIT VALLEY * * * * ** * * * * * * * * * * * * ** * * * * * * ** * * * * * TSOLO TSOLO * * * * SKOSANA * * * * * TAMBO COKA MUTI MANDELA JEMLANA RAMAROLA DIREKO TSEKEDI MJI MABANE NKWE MOTLANA NKADIMENG MAKABENI SENOKOANYANE MALEFANE MASELI MEEKA MAMPURU MAMPURU MOEKETSI PHOOFOLU MAMPURU KHUELE VILAKAZI MALIE MOEMA MOEMA VILAKAZI ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG BUTSHINGI RAMPA PHIRE MALIE HASTINGS NDLOVU FUNANI SENTSO TSHIDZUMBA MARITSELA TWALA * SIBASA NDLOVU NDLOVU THANGENI MIHLABA * NDLOVU * * PHIPHIDI LOBENCULO MOTLAPORO THABO MBELA MASILO GRAIG MERAPELO MODIBA TSUBAKI TSHABANGU CHALKER MAROLE SOBUZA MTIPA MAHALEFELE BICKLEY SCHRADER NKUNA SHILUVAN MALIMUHA KUTAMA NGEMA MNGUNI LISUTHO KHUMALO MKHASIBE SIBEKO MNGUNI MTULI NKOSI MKHABAYI * PELA THAKADU TLOU MAZIBUKO SABELA YENDE NAKEDI KENANG PHIRI * MHLONGO MSIMANGA MSIMANGA MONLOMI HLONGWANE BOIKHUTSO SOWETO SOWETOSOWETO SOWETO SOWETOSOWETO SOWETO POKA POOECARR NOBANDA KGAYE MNGOMEZULU * MPHANANA MOKALE MORAMOTSE * NKUNGU CARR NKWANCA* OAK POPLAR SYRINGA MOSES MOSES MOPHIRING NGIDI MOLELEKI MARTHA LOUW MORAMOTSE NTOMBELA NTOMBELA PALO *MVUBU NYANGA YEZIZWE ZULU HENNESSY OLIVER PODE SISULU MNGOMA MDA LESOLANG NGIBA LESOLANG MOOISELLE MOLOI MKWAYI LEBONA MBELE XOR NKABINDE RAMUSHU MARSH NGOZA KOBA TSHIKOSI LWAMANDO SEGAPO MLAMBO MONKOE LWAMANDO MAWILA NDLOVU NETSIANDA MPHAPHULI TSHIDZUMBA XABA MPULO LITABE ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG KUMALO * MASEKO ZEPHANIA MOTHOPENG MAKHETHA LEMBEDE BAQWA BACELA * * NGAKANE XORILE PITSONYANE * * * * * * * * * * * * RATHEBE * MOOKI MOOKI LINK MBATA * * * * * * MAKHETHA * MAKHETHA SOFASONKE KUMALO * * MOOKI CHOCOE KGASI KAMBULA NYOKANA MOTHIBELI MNGADI PHAMOTSE MATHABA * MPHELE KGAKA KHOZA ADAMS BALLENDEN SARAH MAKAPELA HLATYWAYO LETSATSI MASITENYANE MAHLANGU KHUNOU MACFADYEN * PHETOE MNGIBISA PILANE BASIL ZUMA MACFADYEN XAKAXA TSOTETSI CHAKANE SERIPE TEMA SILGEE SEKANDO SIMELANE TAUNYANA VELDTMAN MOFUTSANYANA GAOBATLELWE MOTA MPANE MSIMANG HGCOBO SOFASONKE GOMBA PHIELA NGCULU MOKOENA SOFASONKE MASOPHA MOLAHLOE MAKHUDU NTESA * RAHLAO NZAMA * * ADAMS MARTHA LOUW * * * * * * MOFOKENG SOFASONKE * HERBY MDINGI * * NKOMYAHLABA * * * * PEZA MOKHELE NGWENYA SEGKAPANE * KHOMO * * * SOWETO HLISO HLABAKOE SHUENYANE MORAILANE SKOTA KUZWAYO KABANYANE PILISO MZINYANE MADHLALA KINGSLEY SITHOLE NICHOLAS MOOKI KHUMALO NORTH MDANISO SISULU �������� ������������������ VILAKAZI URBAN DISTRICT The Vilakazi street precinct is highly accessible, with a good measure of social infrastructure, however, more soft and hard public spaces would serve the local community and visitors of the precinct. The separate development regime enforced single entrances and exits to communities for better crowd control. This notion has limited the accessibility of the focus area, as it is easiliy accessible from the Klipspruit Valley road which connect it to east of Soweto and Johannesburg. Inadvertantly, this notion creates an ambiguous connection to the west (Meadowlands) and the north (Roodepoort). The amenities are decentralised as there isnt a focal point, street or centre. This requires inhabitants to travel longer distances from their varios localities. 800m radius 0 100m Vilakazi Street K um alo M ain R oad VILAKAZI SHARED HIGHSTREET 38 449 450 452 451 4040 290 314 315 316 313 312 311 305 306 304 310 303 302 282 281 280 336278 279283 284 277 276 342 343 344 275 274 286 285 301 300 288 287 273 293 289 291 292 294 296 298 271 297 258 272 299 345 346 347 348 350 246 247 219 220 221 222224 244 250 249 245 248 256 255 264 254 253 267 266 265 262 263 257 259260 261 295 461 462 463 464 465 466 468 467 469 460 459 470 471 496 475 474 134 131 133 237 132 473 472 236 269 268 270 252 235 234 233 251 243 225 226 229 230 231 232 242 238 239 240 198 199 93 241 130 129 128 137 136 135 138 139 143 140 127 126 125 96 95 94 200 92 493 97 98 100 91 37 90 38 88 89 103 104 101 102 99481 480 482 479 476 477 478 124 142 144 141 118 116 115 114 485 483 484 106 107 110 111 112 109 85 108 105 87 86 39 33 84 83 82 41 42 51 490 43 44 80 491 81 113 117 119 492 121 122 120 78 77 123 18 47 46 79 45 50 49 48 16 17 15 14 13 19 20 21 22 10894 11 280 281 276 275 277 279 278 1586 1587 1589 1588 1590 1591 1663 1592 1593 1594 1662 1661 1597 1596 1595 1585 1584 1583 1582 1600 1598 1599 1653 1654 1673 1655 1656 1657 1658 1670 1669 1671 1672 1699 1700 1668 1659 1660 1667 1666 1665 1664 272 271 270 269 287 288 290 291 266 267 289 268 1702 1703 1701 264 263 293 265 292 310 294 311 312 248 315 314 313 309 308 307 316 317 318 306 305 303 304 286 284 285 273 274 283 282 302 298 324 299 300 323 301 322 881 426 1021 456 455 1020 454 1019 1024 459 1023 1022 458 1047 496 1046 497 498 457 321 320 319 964 499 1048 244 243 245 246 247 239 240 241 242 500 531 530 1066 529 207 527 1064 528 1065 503 504 1052 1051 502 1050 501 1049 1045 495 494 1043 1044 460 1025 461 1026 1027 462 493 1042 492 1041 463 1028 464 491 1040 1039 490 1053 505 1054 506 1062 1063 526 525 524 1061 1060 523 1059 508 1056 507 1055 489 1057 509 1058 510 485 1035 486 1034 469 487 1036 1037 488 1038 1031 467 1032 468 1033 1011 445 1010 437 1005 1004 1003 436 446 1012 435 448 1013 447 1030 466 465 1029 1014 449 1015 450 1016 451 452 1017 431 999 432 433 1000 425 1001 434 1002 421 420 367 422 423 424 364 365 366 363 998 997 430 1018 453 429 428 995 996 427 994 325 973 334 974 975 336 352 983 353 335 984 985 354 380 379 378 377 355 986 356 358 988 357 331 970 971 987 332 333 972 330 969 329 989 359 990 328 967 968 327 1067326 992 362 993 361 991 360 371 370 369 368 419 418 417 414 415 416 372 373 374 375 376 413 412 411 410 409 440 1007 1006 438 439 1008 443 1009 444 470 471 484 473 472 441 546 545 547 583 581 582 584 397 398 399 390 389 388 387 386 385 402 401 400 404 403 405 406 407 408 381 382 383 384 982 351 981 337 976 338 349 980 350 979 348 346 347 340 341 978 339 977 342 343 345 344 391 392 393 396 394 395 637 636 635 638 821 822 823 824 825 826 827 846 871 847 848 849 850 869 870 868 867 866 864 865 852 853 854 851 829 830 831 813 812 811 832 833 834 835 809 810 733 734732 731 712 710 711 708 709 814 816 815 828 817 818 819 684 683 682 820 639 634 640 641 642 643 681 680 685 686678 679 677 676 675 674 690 689 703 688 687 706 707 705 704 715 714 713 730 729716 717 718 719 720 699 700 701 702691 692 693 694 695 698 697 722 721 6949 6950 6951 6952 6954 6953 7043 670 671 672 673 652 651 952 654 653 620 621 951 596 595 594 593 592 591 625 624 623 622 650 648 649 647 646 645 628 626 627 629 644 631 630 632 633 586 585 580 587 588 589 590 577 578 579 548 544 543 549 550 551 575 576 574 940 552 573 572 941 939 938 920 553 921 554 540 917 539 918 541 919 542 442 477 476 474 483 482 481 475 480 479 478 537 914 536 912 535 913 927 560 559 926 558 924 557 925 915 538 916 556 923 555 922 935 569 936 937 570 571 597 943 598 599 944 600 945 611 602 947 601 946 568 934 567 933 932 566 931 565 603 949 604 948 610 609 667 608 607 606 669 668 7031 7032 7033 666 665 664 7034 7035 7036 7050 7049 7037 660 661 662 663 612 613 614 659 616 615 942 619 618 617 658 657 656 655 7041 7040 7039 7038 7048 7047 7046 7045 7042 12406 7044 12405 7119 6938 7120 7121 7118 7117 7116 7114 7115 7123 6936 7122 6937 6894 6895 7127 7111 7126 7125 7124 7112 7113 7051 7052 7053 7110 7109 7054 7055 7030 7029 7057 7056 7107 7108 7129 7130 7131 7106 7105 7104 7134 7133 7132 6899 6898 7128 6897 6896 6893 6892 12504 6891 6890 6889 6888 6901 6900 7135 7136 6903 6902 6887 6886 6885 6904 6905 12498 7140 7141 7097 7098 7099 7139 7138 7137 7100 7101 7065 7066 7068 7067 7018 7017 9 10 11 12 7019 7020 7022 7021 7064 7063 7062 7102 7103 7060 7061 7023 7024 7025 7059 7058 7026 7027 7028 22 21 20 19 18 37 36 35 34 68 67 66 65 39 38 17 16 15 14 13 40 41 43 42 44 45 62 61 60 100 99 98 97 63 64 96 95 94 93 182 183 144 145 146 147 181 148136 134 150 179 149 178 151 152 177 176 180 185 184 225 226 186 187 224 188 189 190 222 223 221 84 85 7586 88 87 89 90 91 92 69 70 71 72 73 74 30 29 31 32 33 23 24 25 26 27 28 76 77 78 79 605 950 563 930 564 227 80 81 82 83 960 532 562 929 561 928 911 533 910 534 517 518 519 515 516 514 512 511 522 521 513 520 213 208 209 211 210 203 963 204 206 205238 237 236 235 202 201 212 200 164 165 166163 162 167 161 168 169 196 197 198 214 199 215 216 195 217 219 218 194 193 192 220 191 172 170 159 160 158 171 157 155 173 156 174 154 175 153 132 118 133 119 120 131 130 129 122 121 1880 961 124 127 123 128 125 126 1879 1878 1875 1876 1742 1743 1741 1740 1877 1739 257 228 229 230 232 231 256 255 253 254 233 234 252 251 250 249 297 296 258 965 259 260 261 295 2621704 1737 1738 1736 1734 1735 1733 1732 1731 1730 1712 1710 1711 1692 1709 1708 1707 1706 1705 1698 1697 1696 1695 1694 1693 1674 1675 1676 1652 1677 1678 1680 1679 1681 1682 1683 1684 1688 1691 1690 1689 1714 1713 1729 17151686 1685 1718 1687 1719 1720 1721 1755 1756 1794 1754 1753 1752 1751 1750 1748 1749 1723 1722 1724 1725 1747 1746 1726 1727 1728 1744 1745 1874 1873 1872 1870 1871 1852 1822 1850 1851 1866 1867 1868 1869 1881 1882 1883 1865 1885 1884 117 1888 1887 1886 1864 1863 1861 1862 1846 1847 1849 1848 1823 1824 1825 1826 1828 1827 1845 1844 1830 1829 1812 1813 1814 1815 1816 1817 1802 1801 1799 1800 1819 1818 1820 1821 1795 1796 1797 1798 1791 1793 1792 1766 1790 1789 1788 1768 1767 1770 1771 1784 1785 1769 1786 1787 1803 1783 1804 1805 1806 1807 1782 1781 1780 1779 1776 1775 1774 1772 1773 2019 1777 2107 2108 2018 2017 2016 2015 1996 1997 1998 1993 1995 1994 1778 1808 1811 1810 1809 1967 1969 1968 1992 1991 1970 1990 1989 1988 1971 1972 1964 1963 1933 1961 1962 1960 1934 1935 1924 1932 1931 1930 1929 1925 1926 1927 1897 1853 1838 1837 1928 1965 1966 1836 1835 1834 1832 1833 1841 1831 1842 1843 1840 1839 1856 1855 1854 1896 1895 1894 1893 1892 1857 1858 1859 1860 1889 1890 1891 115 116 135 114 137 138 113 139 112 111 140 142 962 141 110 109 108 106 107 104 143 101 102 103 57 58 59 46 47 48 49 56 55 RE/54 2/54 4/54 3/54 105 5/54 879 1898 1899 1900 1901 6/54 1/54 1903 1902 1923 1922 1904 1921 1920 1919 1905 1906 7009 7010 7011 3 2 1 53 52 51 50 4 5 6 7 8 7014 7015 7016 7069 7070 7071 7013 7012 7072 7073 7074 7093 7094 7096 7095 7142 7143 7144 12497 12496 12494 6875 7147 7146 7145 7092 7091 12404 7090 7089 12407 71557148 71497087 7088 7079 7006 7078 7077 7076 7075 7008 7007 1911 1910 1909 1907 1908 1918 1917 1916 1914 1913 1915 1912 1942 1943 1946 1945 1944 1/1948 RE/1948 1947 7005 7004 7003 7080 7081 7082 7002 7001 7083 7084 2213 2212 2210 2211 2209 1979 1980 1949 1950 1951 1941 1953 1952 1956 1955 1954 1940 1939 1937 1938 1936 1957 1958 1959 1977 1976 1975 1973 1974 1987 1986 1985 1983 1984 1978 1982 1981 2006 2005 2004 2008 2007 2010 2011 2009 2003 2002 2000 2001 1999 2013 2014 2012 2146 2109 2110 2143 2144 2145 2149 2150 2231 2202 2148 2147 2205 2204 2203 2414 RE/T0IQ0549000RE/T0IQ0549000RE/T0IQ0549000RE/T0IQ0549000RE/T0IQ0549000 21089 21086 21102 21085 21084 21101 21081 21080 21083 21082 21079 21078 21077 21076 20972 20971 20968 20969 21000 21001 20999 20970 20998 20997 21042 20663 20664 20665 20666 20667 20648 20649 20650 20651 20646 20647 20668 20669 20645 20644 20643 20642 20673 20672 20671 20670 20674 20640 20675 20676 20639 20677 21040 20678 20679 21039 21038 21012 21014 21036 21037 21035 21033 21034 21032 21017 21016 21015 21013 21018 21019 20996 20995 20994 20993 21021 21020 21022 21023 21024 21031 21026 21025 20989 20990 20992 20991 21002 21003 21005 21004 20988 20987 21027 21028 21029 21030 20022 20023 20043 20044 20046 20045 20021 20020 20019 20017 20018 20047 20048 20049 20016 20015 20014 20013 20012 20052 20051 20050 RE/21173 21173 1/21173 19966 19994 19995 19996 19997 20002 20001 20000 19999 19998 19880 19882 19881 19879 19878 19877 19859 19860 19861 19862 19863 19864 19876 19875 19874 19871 19872 19873 20004 20003 20005 20006 20007 19870 20054 20053 20055 20056 20057 20082 20083 19869 19868 19867 19866 19865 19532 19531 19530 19568 19569 19570 19529 19528 19571 19573 19572 19615 20089 20088 20087 20086 20085 20084 20075 20074 20073 20072 20463 20466 20465 20464 20517 20516 20518 20076 20077 20078 20079 20081 20080 20008 20009 20010 20011 20637 20636 20638 20515 20514 20513 20512 20467 20468 20469 20470 20511 20471 20472 20508 20509 20510 20641 20506 20507 20505 20504 20503 20502 20501 20479 20477 20478 20476 20475 20474 20473 20068 20069 20070 20071 20090 20091 20092 20093 20094 20095 20067 20066 20064 20065 20096 20063 20062 20061 20060 5/21135 20274 20289 20288 20290 2/211352/21135 3/211353/21135 20262 20263 20264 20260 20259 20258 20257 20256 20267 20266 20265 20268 20284 20283 20280 20276 20285 20286 20287 20275 20058 20059 20102 20103 20278 20277 20279 20152 20153 20154 20155 20157 20158 20156 19728 19727 19726 19725 19700 19701 19699 19698 19729 20101 20099 20100 20098 20097 19696 19695 19654 19653 19652 19697 19651 19616 19617 19650 19649 19648 19647 19655 19656 19694 19693 19692 19657 19659 19658 19646 19660 19661 19662 19663 19664 19665 19685 19686 19687 19688 19708 19707 19706 19689 19690 19691 19702 19704 19703 19724 19705 19720 19721 19722 19723 20120 20119 20122 20121 19719 19718 19717 19713 19712 19716 19709 19710 19711 19684 19683 19681 19682 19680 19679 19715 19714 1967619675 19674 19672 19673 19677 19678 19671 19670 19669 19668 19667 19666 19640 19638 19639 19628 19629 19637 19636 19635 19634 19631 19630 19600 19599 19598 19597 19588 19589 19587 19586 19585 19601 19602 19603 19584 19604 19606 19605 19625 19627 19626 19642 19641 19643 19644 19645 19622 19623 19624 19607 19608 19609 19610 19621 19620 19619 19618 19614 19613 19612 19574 19575 19577 19576 19611 19578 19580 19579 19567 19566 19565 19534 19533 19535 19536 19537 19538 19561 19562 19563 19564 19581 19582 19583 19560 19559 19558 19557 19555 19556 19543 19542 19541 1954019845 19846 19847 19848 19850 19849 19851 19852 19853 19539 19858 19857 19856 19855 19854 19883 19884 19885 19887 19886 19888 19889 19890 19894 19892 19893 19891 19988 19989 19993 19992 19991 19990 19986 19987 19895 19896 19897 19898 19906 19904 19905 19835 19834 19836 19837 19838 19839 19840 1984119903 19902 19901 19900 19899 19842 19844 19843 19546 19544 19545 19554 19553 19552 19551 19548 19547 19549 19475 19527 19476 19477 19833 19832 19830 19829 19828 19831 19827 19826 19824 19825 19478 19479 19486 19485 19484 19518 19517 19519 19520 19483 19482 19481 19480 19523 19522 19521 19524 19525 19526 19593 19592 19550 19590 19591 19596 19594 19595 19633 19632 19338 19516 19515 19514 19513 19487 19511 19512 19261 19259 19260 19258 19264 19265 19262 19263 19266 19326 19327 19328 19329 19330 19325 19323 19322 19321 19320 19274 19272 19271 19270 19324 19268 19267 19269 19253 19252 19254 19273 19275 19249 19250 19251 19213 19212 19247 19246 19245 19248 19277 19276 19278 19314 19279 19280 19281 19282 19310 19312 19313 19311 19315 19317 19316 19318 19319 19331 19339 19367 19369 19368 19390 19387 19389 19388 19370 19386 19397 19385 19400 19399 19398 19415 19416 19417 19418 19419 19396 19395 19394 19393 19392 19391 19420 19421 19422 19423 19427 19426 19425 19424 19449 19450 19451 19473 19474 19472 19467 19466 19459 19458 19457 19456 19468 19469 19470 19471 19454 19455 19453 19452 19448 19446 19447 19428 19445 19444 19443 19440 19441 19442 19432 19431 19430 19429 19414 19411 19412 19413 19401 19402 19409 19410 19407 19408 19436 19435 19434 19433 19438 19439 19437 18600 18601 18602 18643 18642 18603 18604 18637 18639 18638 18640 18641 19145 19146 19148 19147 1914919462 19461 19460 19465 19464 19463 29/28545 2/28545 28429 28428 28430 28431 19151 19150 19152 19153 19154 18636 18635 18634 18633 18632 19158 19157 19156 19155 28426 28427 28425 28424 28423 19159 19160 19161 28422 19163 19164 19165 284192842028421 28435 28434 28432 28433 28474 28473 28472 28478 28477 28476 8/28545 7/28545 6/28545 5/28545 28475 3/28545 4/28545 28/28545 27/28545 26/28545 25/28545 21/28545 22/28545 23/28545 24/28545 9/28545 10/28545 28512 28511 11/28545 13/28545 12/28545 18/28545 19/28545 20/28545 17/28545 16/28545 19337 19336 19335 19334 20123 20124 20125 20126 20127 20136 20135 20133 20134 20132 20131 20109 20108 20107 20106 20167 20168 20144 20166 20165 20164 20112 20110 20111 20130 20129 20128 20114 20113 20115 20116 20117 20118 20159 20160 20161 20162 20150 20151 20148 20149 20163 20147 20146 20145 20273 20251 20271 20272 20281 20282 20269 20270 20252 20253 20254 20255 20237 20238 20240 20239 20241 20221 20220 20219 20218 20244 20243 20242 20250 20249 20248 20246 20245 20215 20214 20217 20216 20206 20207 20209 20208 20176 20175 20174 20211 20210 20138 20139 20212 2021320247 20140 20141 20143 20142 20169 20171 20170 20172 20173 20104 20105 20137 28538 RE/28545 12311 12310 12309 12312 12308 12306 12307 12313 12314 12315 28537 28529 28528 28527 28526 28525 28524 28523 28522 28521 28499 28500 28518 28519 28520 28530 28531 28532 28536 28535 15/28545 14/28545 28513 28510 28509 28514 28515 28534 28533 28517 28516 28503 28502 28501 28487 28486 28485 28504 28505 28483 28484 28466 28482 28481 28506 28507 28508 2848028479 28471 28470 28469 28467 28468 284382843728436 2841728418 19166 19167 19168 28416 19169 28415 28414 28439 28440 28441 28412 28413 28411 19200 19199 19175 19176 19177 19197 19198 28446 28445 28444 28443 28442 28465 28464 28463 28462 28461 28488 28489 28458 28459 28460 28447 28448 28449 28450 19193 19195 19194 19196 19179 19178 19180 19181 19182 19184 19183 19192 19191 19190 19189 19186 19185 19118 19117 19116 12284 12330 12331 12329 19188 19187 12328 12327 12326 12325 12294 12296 12297 12323 1232428454 28453 28451 28452 28457 28456 28455 28491 28490 28498 28497 28492 28493 28494 28495 28496 12319 12322 12320 12321 12298 12299 12300 12301 12302 12318 12317 12316 12304 12303 12305 12364 12365 12348 12366 12367 12347 12346 12345 12369 12368 12370 12371 12373 12372 12341 12340 12342 12343 12344 12384 12383 12336 12335 12378 12376 12337 12338 12339 12374 12375 12295 12293 12292 12291 12377 12379 12380 12334 12289 12290 12285 12283 12282 12281 12333 12382 12381 11955 11956 11957 11953 11954 12016 12015 12014 12438 1243712332 12436 12435 12433 12434 12432 12431 12389 12390 12387 12388 12385 12386 12013 12011 12012 12086 12085 12083 12084 12081 12082 12080 12079 12089 12090 12088 12087 12009 12010 1200812019 12018 12017 11949 11950 11951 11952 11958 11960 11959 12280 12278 12279 12287 12286 12288 19113 19115 19114 19120 19119 19121 19174 19173 19172 19170 19171 28542 19162 18625 18622 18623 18624 18628 18627 18626 18629 18630 18615 18614 18613 18631 18608 18609 18610 18611 18612 18607 18606 18605 18594 18595 18599 18597 18598 18596 19405 19406 19404 19403 19381 19382 19383 19384 19374 19373 19372 19371 19366 19340 19306 19307 19309 19308 19284 19283 19285 19286 19240 19241 19242 19243 19244 19216 19215 19214 19217 RE/T0IQ0565000RE/T0IQ0565000RE/T0IQ0565000RE/T0IQ0565000RE/T0IQ0565000 11551 11568 11550 11549 11548 11547 11540 11542 11541 11579 11588 11578 11589 1286512866 12867 12868 1286912870 12873 12872 12871 128741287512876 RE/12840 12879 1287712878 12902 128801288112882 1290112900128991289812897128961289512894128931289212891 12475 12476 12477 12478 12479 12456 12454 12455 12453 12452 12451 12450 12122 12445 12446 12447 12448 12487 12489 12488 12485 12486 12449 12483 12484 12482 12481 12480 12509 12506 12505 12507 12508 12526 12528 12527 12524 12525 12523 12521 12522 12520 12514 12513 12512 12510 12511 12516 12515 12517 12518 12519 9154 11923 9155 11924 9162 9156 11925 9157 12936 12935 12934 12937 129311293212933 12930 12928 12929 12926 12925 12927 12903 12904 12905 12906 12924 12923 12922 9316 9317 9318 9390 12092 9386 12091 9385 12090 9382 12088120879381 9380 12086 938712093938812094 120859379 9389 931593149313 9312 9311 9159 11927915811926 11928916011929916111930 9169 11938917011937 917311941 11940 119399171 9172 12031 9288 9310 937812084 9369 9370 12076 9371 12083 9377 12082 9376 12081 9375 12077 9372 12078 12075 120749367 9357 9356 12064 9355 12063 9368 12061 9354 12062 9342 50/12506 23/12506 22/12506 21/12506 20/12506 12050 12051 9343 9353 12060 9352 9344 9351 9350 12053934512052 9346 9349 12054 120559347 934812056 12057 120689360 9364 12067935912066 12058 12059 12065 9358 9366 12073 9365 12072 9373 12079 12080 12095 9391 12070 12071 9363 9361 12069 9362 9320 9374 9383 12089 9384 1291812919 12921 12920 12907 12908 12909 12910 12911 12912 12917 12916 12913 12915 12914 13150 9975 11585 11586 11587 11580 11581 11543 11582 11583 11584 11576 11575 11544 11545 11574 11546 11572 11573 11571 11570 11569 12273 12270 12271 12272 9980 9979 12269 12267 9978 12268 12261 9958 9957 12260 9956 12259 9955 12258 9954 12251 9946 12249 12250 9947 12205 9901 12203 9900 12204 9899 12202 9898 12201 12253 9949 9948 12252 9951 12254 9950 9897 12200 12255 9807 12111 9806 12110 9805 9804 12109 9952 12256 9953 1225712108 9803 9802 9432 12107 12106 9801 12105 9800 12104 9799 12103 9798 12096 9434 9422 9421 12097 9793 12098 9812 12116 9794 9795 12099 12100 9796 9810 12115 9811 9854 12159 9855 12113 9809 12114 12101 9797 12102 9808 12112 9896 12199 9895 12198 9894 12197 9893 9891 12195 9892 12196 12164 9859 12163 12162 9858 9857 12161 9856 12160 12155 9849 12153 12154 9850 12122 12123 9818 12121 9817 9816 12120 9815 12119 12157 9851 12156 9852 12158 9853 9814 12117 9813 12118 97929397 9398 9399 9400 9401 9402 9403 9405 9404 9420 9419 9406 9408 9407 94099410 9416 9417 9418 9423942494259426942794289429 9413 94159414 94119412 9394 9395 9396 8378 8379 8323 8324 8325 10/12506 11/12506 12/12506 16/1250615/12506 14/12506 13/12506 52/12506 9/12506 31/12506 30/12506 29/12506 RE/T0IQ0567002 17/1250618/1250619/12506 27/12506 28/12506 40/12506 41/12506 26/12506 25/12506 42/12506 38/12506 37/12506 36/12506 35/12506 34/1250639/12506 32/12506 33/12506 8/12506 7/12506 6/12506 5/12506 4/12506 3/12506 2/12506 8322 12506 1/12506 8332 8333 8388 8387 8386 8385 8384 8331 8330 8329 8328 8327 8326 8380 8381 8382 8383 8394 8393 8392 8389 8390 8391 8403 8431 8404 8428 8405 8406 8407 8427 8425 8426 8424 8410 8409 8408 8395 8396 8397 8412 8413 8421 8411 8422 8423 8420 8419 8442 8443 8417 8418 8416 8402 8415 8414 8400 8399 8398 8401 8377 8376 8375 8374 8373 8372 8371 8370 8369 8455 8368 8367 8366 8365 8362 8363 8364 1253012532 12527 12528 12529 12526 1252512524 12533 12536 12521 12522 12523 12508 12507 RE/T0IQ0567005 8361 8360 8359 12509 12510 12511 8349 8348 8350 8351 8353 8352 8354 8357 8356 8355 8358 8441 8444 8445 8446 8440 8439 8438 8437 8448 8447 8347 8346 8451 8452 8450 8449 8435 8436 8434 8433 8432 8429 8430 8453 8345 51/12506 8454 8344 8343 8342 8340 8341 8339 8338 8336 8337 49/12506 8334 8335 47/12506 48/12506 46/12506 45/12506 44/12506 43/12506 24/12506 7901 7904 7897 7903 7902 7899 7898 7847 7838 7848 7849 7850 7894 7895 7896 7905 7906 7908 7907 7893 7892 7910 7909 7911 7921 7920 7915 7916 7917 7884 7885 7883 7918 7919 7882 7881 7880 7865 7864 7863 7862 7861 7824 7823 7822 7806 7805 7804 7803 7825 7826 7827 7828 7829 7857 7858 7859 7860 7886 7887 7914 7913 7912 7889 7888 7890 7891 7854 7855 7856 7831 7830 7832 7834 7833 7853 7852 7851 7835 7836 7837 7792 7793 7773 12399 7794 7795 7796 7797 7770 7771 7772 7737 7736 7707 7706 7705 7739 7738 7740 7741 7769 7768 7798 7799 7800 7801 7802 7767 7766 7765 7764 7763 7762 7743 7744 7745 7746 7698 7699 7682 7681 7702 7701 7700 7742 7703 7704 7676 7677 7678 7636 7637 7635 7679 7680 7634 7633 7632 7617 7616 7615 7614 7613 7566 7565 7564 7547 7546 7545 7544 7567 7568 7569 7543 7542 7541 7570 7571 7609 7610 7611 7612 7638 7640 7639 7675 7674 7673 7641 7642 7607 7608 7573 7572 7575 7574 7606 7605 7604 7576 7577 7578 7579 7601 7602 7603 7645 7646 7647 7667 7668 7714 7713 7670 7669 7644 7643 7672 7671 7708 7709 7735 7733 7734 7710 7711 7712 7732 7730 7731 7777 7774 7775 7776 7790 7791 7789 7788 7787 7780 7779 7778 7729 7728 7727 7726 7781 7782 7783 7725 7724 7723 7721 7719 7720 7662 7663 7718 7717 7716 7715 7665 7666 7648 7664 7651 7650 7649 7599 7600 7580 7581 7598 7582 7597 7652 7653 7596 7595 7594 7593 7592 7656 7655 7654 7661 7660 7659 7658 7722 9439 9438 9437 7657 7591 9231 9232 9249 11994 9250 11993 9248 9251 11995 11996 12008 12009 9264 9440 9265 12010 9266 12011 9263 12007 9262 9267 12012 9268 4/9270 3/9270 2/9270 1/9270 12020 9275 12019 12018 9274 12017 9273 9272 12016 9271 9442 9441 9443 7784 9444 9436 7843 7785 7786 7842 7839 7840 7846 7841 7844 7845 7900 12390 12389 12388 9463 1239112392 123951239412393 12396 1239712398 9462 12048 12047 9304 12046 9303 12045 9302 12044 9301 12043 9300 9305 12049 9309 9308 12616 12042 9299 12041 9298 12040 9297 12039 928912032929012033 9287120309286120299285 92911203492929293 1203512036 9284120279283 12028 91741194291759176 11943 119369168119359167 9178 9177 11944 9282 9212 9211 9213 9216 9241 9215 9214 12002 9281 12026 9294 12037 12025 9295 12038 9296 9279 12024 9280 9278 12023 12022 9277 9276 1202112014 12015 9258 12003 9259 9260 12004 9269 12013 12005 9261 12006 11999 9254 11988 9256 12000 9255 12001 9257 9243 11987 9242 11986 9240 11985 11984 9239 11983 11982 9238 9237 11981 9236 9244 11989 9245 11990 11998 9253 11997 9252 9246 11991 9247 11992 9235 11980 11979 11978 9234 11977 9233 9230 11975 9229 11974 9228 11959 11973 9227 11972 9226 11961 9204 11960 9203 11950 11949 9192 11948 9191 9190 9207 11963 9206 11962 9205 11971 9225 11970 9224 11969 9223 11968 9222 11967 11964 9208 11965 9209 11945 9187 11946 9188 9189 11947 9198 12429 12420 12419 12418 12417 12413 12414 12415 12416 12424 12425 12430 12421 12422 12423 11966 9221 9219 9218 9220 12428 9210 12426 12427 9180 9179 119319163 11932 9164 11933 9165 11934 9181 9183 9184 9185 9166 RE/9186 12535 12534 12529 12530 12531 12532 12504 12503 12502