“Here they come - thick as grass and black as night” The battle of Rorke’s Drift – 22 January, 1879 A warrior of the uThulwana regiment SPINIFEX and ZULU WARRIORS A Glimpse into Mafic Magma Genesis in South Africa Over the First 1.5 Billion Years of Earth History By Allan Wilson School of Geosciences University of the Witwatersrand On the occasion of Allan Wilson’s Inaugural Lecture 7 November 2011 This talk will cover three areas of geology that I believe are important in the igneous history of South Africa spanning the first 1.5 billion years from 3.5 Ga to 2.0 Ga The high-Mg lavas in Barberton and KwaZulu-Natal called komatiites 3.5 – 3.3 billion years ago The volcanic rocks of the Pongola Supergroup 3.0 – 2.9 billion years ago The Bushveld Complex 2.05 billion years ago The Geological Time Scale …zoic From the Greek ‘Zoe’ – abundant life …zoic From the Greek ‘Zoe’ – abundant life The Geological Time Scale PLATE TECTONICS It is the manifestation of, and the interaction of all dynamic processes on planet Earth involving the mantle, the crust, the hydrosphere and also the biosphere It has controlled the way continental and ocean crust formed over millions of years It has profoundly influenced the living environment It has given rise to important economic mineral deposits It drives the movement of the continents Therefore by studying ancient volcanic rocks can we get an insight into the start of this process which is unique only to Earth in the Solar System ONE BIG QUESTION - WHEN DID PLATE TECTONICS START AND WHAT FORM DID IT TAKE INITIALLY? ….. ONE OF THE GREAT MODERN CONTROVERSIES Subduction Plume What are the major driving forces that produce molten rock (magma) - PLUME Plumes from the deep mantle ….. Melting by SUBDUCTION at plate boundaries may also have occurred … produce very different types of magma Mantle convection Volcanoes, ocean, stromatolites, spectacular sunsets, non-oxygen atmosphere (Remember this) This is what the Earth probably looked like about 3 billion years ago Stromatolites at Shark Bay (Australia) at present Stroma – layer Lithos - rock Barberton greenstone belt 3500 M years old Bushveld Complex 2050 M years old Pongola basin and KZN Greenstones 3400 – 2900 M years old Professor Don Hunter Head of Geology at University of Natal in 1970’s – 1990’s Professor Jimmy Wilson - Igneous petrologist at the University of Rhodesia (Zimbabwe) in 1970’s SHRIMP II Curtain Univ ICP-MS Wits Wits XRF Lab EXPENSIVE EQUIPMENT Lava is usually perceived as flowing over the surface, as observed in these pictures Lavas flow from beneath the colder outer skin – this is called INFLATION Amazing shapes – due to rapid rate of cooling freezing the skin Classic ropy lava in basalt (Remember this) Early Archaean greenstone belts in SE South Africa The Barberton greenstone Belt (3500 M yr old) 20 km In the Onverwacht Group were found the hottest and the most Mg-rich lavas that were ever formed KOMATIITES White lava (white in colour ) at 1600 °C and highly fluid Richard and Morris Viljoen – discovered and named komatiite in 1969 Information Circular of January 2011 THE BARBERTON INTERNATIONAL CONTINENTAL DRILLING PROGRAM (ICDP) Principal Investigators: Nick Arndt (Grenoble) Allan Wilson (Wits) Axel Hofmann (UJ) Drilling manager Gordon Chunnett 14 Universities World-wide The komatiite lava flows form resistant bands The drilling starts The first komatiite core drilled The Buck Reef drilling site Buck Reef cherts The komatiite core has already revealed important structures FLOW-TOP BRECCIA GAS BUBBLES CALLED VESICLES Chilled lava Chilled lava Flow contact Flow contact BARB1 380.47 m 2 cm Upper chill and fragmented unit Spinifex unit - growth in crystal depleted supercooled liquid Accumulation of crystals transported initially in magma Lower chill and fragmented unit Classic subdivision of the textured komatiite flow unit Pyke et al. 1977 A2 A3 Upper chill and fragmented unit Spinifex unit - growth in crystal depleted liquid Accumulation of crystals transported initially in magma Lower chill and fragmented unit A2 A3 CHILLS and SPINIFEX - Liquid compositions CUMULATES - Not liquid compositions So we have the paradox – what rocks represent liquids and what rocks represent extract from those liquids? Named after a spikey Australian grass called Triodia spinifex Remarkably, even though komatiites were discovered first in Barberton spinifex was first recognized as a unique texture in Australia From Nick Arndt’s book Komatiite (2008) The hottest magmas that ever erupted ~ 1600° C Also very high Mg contents ~ 25 – 30% MgO Spinifex forms by the unique combination of thermal gradient and the wide temperature interval between when crystals form and when complete solidification takes place Section through a Barberton komatiite flow Section through a Barberton komatiite flow Section through a Barberton komatiite flow Section through a Barberton komatiite flow Section through a Barberton komatiite flow Section through a Barberton komatiite flow 2 Section through a Barberton komatiite flow 2 Most of these classic outcrops in Barberton have now been destroyed ….. so we now need drill core to study these rocks Olivine Cumulate (B2) Olivine Cumulate (B1) Olivine Spinifex (A3) Random Spinifex (A2) Early Archaean greenstone belts and fragments COMMONDALE (3.3Ga) NONDWENI (3.4 Ga) The site of the death of the Prince Imperial Louis Napoleon of France 1 June, 1879 Fort Newdigate -heliographic station. Overrun by a Zulu impi on 3 March, 1879 THIS AREA PRESERVES THE HISTORY OF THE COUNTRY AS WELL AS THE HISTORY OF THE PLANET Wilson and Versfeld (1994) The Death of the Prince Imperial Napoleon of France By Paul-Joseph Jamin 1st June, 1879 1st June, 1879 10.00 am Supplement to the Illustrated London News 16th July, 1879 Giant PYROXENE spinifex from the Nondweni greenstone belt Pyro – ‘fire’ Xenos – ‘stranger’ Giant OLIVINE spinifex from the Nondweni greenstone belt 1 mm Photomicrographs from the Nondweni greenstone belt Xie, Hofmann, Hegner, Wilson, Wan, Liu Gondwana Research (2011) The world’s oldest stromatolites 3.4 billion years ago The Commondale greenstone belt holds some of the most important volcanic rocks and maybe also a key to igneous processes in the Archaean Olivine plate spinifex and unique pyroxene spinifex Regular layered spinifex in the Commondale Ultramafic Suite Olivine cumulate Spinifex Spinifex Spinifex Olivine cumulate Spinifex Regular layered spinifex in the Commondale Ultramafic Suite Rare orthopyroxene spinifex – this reflects both the high silica and high Mg content of the magma that gave rise to these structures Commondale rock compositions in relation to other komatiite occurrences Wilson (2006) Precambrian Research Commondale Extreme Light REE depletion of Commondale rocks and liquids (Wilson, Shirey, Carlson – Nature, 2003) One of the most precise Sm-Nd isochrons measured for ancient rocks Wilson and Carlson (2000) Earth and Planetary Science Letters Barberton Al-enriched Commondale and Barberton REE data Barberton data from Robin, Arndt, Chauvel, Byerly, Sobolev, Wilson (Journal of Petrology, in press) The Commondale komatiites are the most depleted in trace elements ever recorded Al and Ti are key elements in understanding the source of the magmas Data sources: Robin, Arndt, Chevaul, Byerly, Wilson (in press); Kareem (unpub); Wilson (unpub); Byerly (1999) Barberton komatiites that are Al-enriched belong to the uppermost volcanic unit – The Mendon Formation dated at 3334 ± 3 Million years (based on ages of enclosing sediments) The Commondale komatiites are dated at 3354 ± 18 Million years Both are highly depleted in trace elements Both contain the most Mg-rich olivine encountered in komatiites BUT Commondale is the most depleted komatiite ever recorded and has the most Mg-rich olivine (Mg# 0.962) ever recorded for a terrestrial igneous suite. It also has the highest silica content for these MgO contents. ** Mg# = MgO/(MgO+FeO) is a measure of the primitiveness and temperature NASA ‘s GALILEO JUPITER DEEP PROBE SPACECRAFT LAUNCHED 1989 Encounters with the Moons Io and Europa Compositions of the Commondale komatiite type (High silica and high Mg) It is not known how these lavas formed on Io Volcanic eruptions on the moon of Jupiter – Io Volcanic eruptions on the moon of Jupiter – Io Compositions of the Commondale komatiite type (High silica and high Mg) Eruptions high above the surface Volcanic eruptions on the moon of Jupiter – Io Compositions of the Commondale komatiite type (High silica and high Mg) Volcanic eruptions on the moon of Jupiter – Io Compositions of the Commondale komatiite type (High silica and high Mg) Williams, Wilson, Greely (2000) - Journal of Geophysical Research 1800 deg C 40% Melting from a depleted PLUME source in relation to the garnet stability field (Robin, Arndt, Chevaul, Byerly, Sobolev, Wilson – Journal of Petrology (in press)) The ages of Commondale and Mendon are essentially identical - deduce that there may be a more unique processes starting to take place at that time – that is a Plate Tectonic (arc) setting Melting of a highly refractory and depleted mantle source in a mantle wedge (Wilson, Shirey, Carlson – Nature, 2003) Unfortunately other researchers have obscured the picture by proposing that all komatiites were the result of wet mantle melting The Pongola Group has the best preserved volcanic rocks of the 3000 Ma Mid-Archaean Now to the 3000 m year-old Pongola rocks……….. Ropy surfaces, lava clefts, lava fracturing and break-outs classic examples of the inflation process These are basalts not komatiites White Mfolozi River section Clear contacts between lava flows Changes to clearly defined Classic pahoehoe flow lobes Identical structure to CRB And Porphyritic andesite with aphyric (crystal free) basalt (no chill contacts) Areas of the Pongola have been mapped in great detail by my students and co-workers over the last 30 years Hartland Eastern Mpumalanga Lava outflows from individual volcanoes 3 billion years ago Map 30 km x 22 km Groenewald (1984) MSc (Natal) Wilson (current mapping) in the heart of Zululand Southern Zululand On the road to Nkandla Cr – rich ash-mud drapes and layers in the Qudeni Fm Rapidly deposited clastic sediments in the Qudeni Fm Bomb tuff in the Ndikwe Formation Amygdaloidal basalt in the Ndikwe Fm – site of one of the first U-Pb dates (Burger and Coertze, 1973) Hatfield (1990) MSc (Natal) Dixon (2003) PhD (Natal) Wilson (current mapping) Three important historical sites * Isandlwana * Fugitive’s Drift on the Buffalo River * Oskarberg and Rorke’s Drift The Zulu advance 11.45 am 22nd January, 1879 3 BILLION YEAR OLD ARCHAEAN GEOLOGY IN THE BUFFALO RIVER GORGE Site of the battle of Isandlwana 22nd January, 1879 24th Regiment of the South Wales Borderers “Men of Harlech stop your dreaming, Can't you see their spear points gleaming ……………….. “ The Battle of Isandlwana 22nd January, 1879 Survivors of the 24th rallying around the colours Painting by C.E. Fripp 1880 The 24th’s last moments at Isandlawana A typically heroic engraving from the London Illustrated News that the Victorian public liked to see of their army Saving the Colours by Alphonse de Neuville Depicts Lts. Melville and Coghill escape from Isandlawana but they were caught and killed at the Buffalo River at Fugitive’s Drift Fugitive’s Drift Retreat of the colours across the Buffalo River on 22 January, 1879 after the defeat at Isandlwana The Illustrated London News 29th March, 1879 The Battle of Rorke’s Drift - late on 22nd January, 1879 Painting by Alfonse de Neuville (1880) Ending in the Battle of Ulundi 4th July, 1879 The Nsuze Group at the entrance to the Buffalo River gorge In the Pongola the high K trends (in combination with trace elements) may be indicative of an arc-type setting which implies PLATE TECTONICS similar to what is known at present - Similar to the Andes at present Arc-type REE pattern………… also pattern of most crustal granites Ultramafic volcanic bombs and lapilli in the southern facies Bimodal distribution with high proportion of andesite – another indicator of a subduction setting – possibly similar to the Andes of today Chert fragments: SiO2 85% MgO 3% Cr 400 ppm Volcaniclastic matrix: SiO2 65% MgO 12% Cr 1200 ppm Cr-Mg gel? Volcaniclastics and volcanic sediments 2980 ± 10 million years 2968 ± 6 million years 2954 ± 9 million years Time of formation of the Pongola SG (middle) between 7 and 45 million years or a subsidence/accumulation rate of 200 – 1400 m per million years – far higher than in the Phanerozoic Mukasa, Young And Wilson (in review, 2011) Precambrian Research U – Pb isotopic dating The age in the south is 100 m yr older than in the north …… the Pongola basin started forming initially in the south Bushveld Complex 2050 M years old THE BUSHVELD COMPLEX Unlike the greenstone belts and the Pongola SG the rocks of the Bushveld Complex are not lavas, these rocks are made up of crystals called cumulates ….. the challenge facing geologists is to identify what the original magmas were and where they came from Critical Zone Lower Zone Main Zone Upper Zone Spectacular layers but determining the magma composition is much more difficult …. This section is 10 km thick (This in the Burgersfort area in Mpumalanga) Simplified stratigraphy of the Bushveld Complex What happens here? ….the start of the intrusion Marginal Zone No exposure Quartzite floor rocks View looking NORTH in an area of the eastern Bushveld Complex Burgersfort area View towards the north west………..Gordon Chunnett one day drilled a deep borehole here 2 km The only section known in the Bushveld which shows the transition from quenched or frozen Liquid to cumulates 1m !!! ….. this is the key to 10 000 m of Bushveld sequence (Apologies to my distinguished and learned Bushveld colleagues!!) Wilson (Journal of Petrology – under review) LIQUID COMPOSITIONS CUMULATES First described occurrence of preserved liquid compositions actually in the Bushveld sequence …… other occurrences occur outside of the Bushveld as Marginal Sills The cumulates also give insight into the first Bushveld magma The transition between cumulates and quenched textures 1 mm OLIVINE CUMULATE ORTHOPYROXENE SPINIFEX SKELETAL ORTHOPYROXENE Photographs under the microscope using polarized light Back-scattered electron images give detailed phase and mineral composition maps (High resolution electron microscope at the University of Tasmania) The most primitive olivine yet observed in the Bushveld Complex But trace element intercepts indicate they may have been even more Mg-rich A mantle origin may be inferred for the first stage of the Bushveld Complex …. previously has not been proven Mg#=MgO/(MgO+FeO) Is a measure of the primitiveness of the olivine Combination of the Mg content of the olivine and trace elements tells us how they formed SOME POINTS THAT I HAVE TRIED TO MAKE Rocks are studied on many different scales to understand their origin using many different chemical and microscope techniques as well as field work While only three case studies have been presented each one provides different clues as to how igneous rocks formed that now make up the crustal geology of South Africa over the first 1.5b years The greenstone belts, the Pongola Basin and the Bushveld Complex are unique in the Earth’s geological record and are all world famous So many of the areas of important geology are also closely linked with the history of South Africa – in some cases inseparable and always fascinating My work has been to try and contribute to understand their formation by looking at critical formations, textures, compositions and structures - that is what I have tried to share with you today Central to being able to achieve this has been excellent facilities and good technical support and the opportunity to travel and work in other labs and to engage with other scientists Chromitite seams in the Ultramafic Succession of the Great Dyke Nature composes some of her loveliest poems for the microscope and the telescope Theodore Roszak (American historian and scholar) Where the Wasteland Ends, 1972 Thank you for attending! And finally image1.jpeg image2.jpeg image3.jpeg image4.jpeg image5.jpeg image6.jpeg image7.jpeg image8.jpeg image9.jpg image10.jpg image11.jpeg image12.jpeg image13.jpeg image14.jpeg image15.jpeg image16.jpeg image17.jpeg image18.jpeg image19.jpeg image20.jpeg image21.jpeg image22.jpeg image23.jpeg image24.jpeg image25.jpeg image26.jpeg image27.jpeg image28.jpeg image29.jpeg image30.jpeg image31.jpeg image32.jpeg image33.jpeg image34.jpeg image35.jpeg image36.jpeg image37.jpeg image38.jpeg image39.jpeg image40.jpeg image41.jpeg image42.jpeg image43.jpeg image44.jpeg image45.jpeg image46.jpeg image47.jpeg image48.jpeg image49.jpeg image50.jpeg image51.jpeg image52.jpeg image53.jpeg image54.jpeg image55.jpeg image56.jpeg image57.jpeg image58.jpeg image59.jpeg image60.jpeg image61.jpeg image62.jpg image63.jpeg image64.jpeg image65.jpeg image66.jpeg image67.jpeg image68.jpg image69.jpeg image70.jpeg image71.tiff image72.jpeg image73.jpeg image74.JPG image75.jpg image76.jpeg image77.jpeg image78.jpeg image79.jpeg image80.jpeg image81.jpeg image82.jpeg image83.jpeg image84.jpeg image85.jpeg image86.jpeg image87.jpeg image88.jpeg image89.jpeg image90.jpeg image91.jpeg image92.jpg image93.jpeg image94.jpeg image95.jpeg image96.jpeg image97.jpeg image98.jpeg image99.jpeg image100.jpeg image101.jpeg image102.jpeg image103.jpeg image104.jpeg image105.jpeg image106.jpeg image107.jpeg image108.jpg image109.jpeg image110.jpeg image111.jpg image112.jpeg image113.jpeg image114.jpeg image115.jpeg oleObject1.bin Chart2 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 8.5 9 9.5 Basalt Basaltic andesite Andesite Dacite Rhyolite 278 samples % MgO % 0 16.9675090253 7.9422382671 6.1371841155 2.8880866426 4.3321299639 1.4440433213 3.6101083032 6.1371841155 8.3032490975 9.0252707581 7.5812274368 7.5812274368 5.0541516245 4.3321299639 2.8880866426 1.4440433213 1.083032491 2.1660649819 1.083032491 Sheet1 Al2O3/TiO2 basalt 45-52 andesite 52-63 dacite 63-68 rhyolite 68 -75 SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 FeO MnO MgO CaO Na2O K2O TiO2 P2O5 MgO NVA MS36 54.79 12.81 1.07 8.64 0.32 8.34 9.45 2.74 0.19 0.57 0.11 22.50 8.34 NVA WR9 53.73 15.19 1.16 9.41 0.28 7.34 7.95 2.65 0.46 0.63 0.14 24.03 54.79 Bin Frequency 7.34 NVA HKS28 52.64 13.92 1.17 9.46 0.23 7.42 10.16 2.24 0.97 0.63 0.11 22.10 53.73 42.00 0 0.00 7.42 0 Bin Frequency NVA MS37 53.06 14.00 1.12 9.03 0.39 8.73 8.32 2.64 1.00 0.59 0.11 23.79 52.64 52.00 24 8.60 8.73 0.00 0.5 0 0 0 NVA HKS26 53.62 14.91 1.13 9.17 0.34 5.72 9.50 2.45 1.23 0.77 0.14 19.47 53.06 56.00 100 35.84 5.72 1.5 1 0.5 47 16.9675090253 NVA AS25 52.88 15.28 1.11 8.99 0.26 6.01 9.78 2.45 1.02 1.00 0.20 15.31 53.62 63.00 69 24.73 6.01 2 1.50 1 22 7.9422382671 NVA WR1 52.24 15.29 1.32 10.65 0.26 4.76 9.31 3.04 0.79 1.06 0.09 14.38 52.88 69.00 24 8.60 4.76 2.50 2.00 1.5 17 6.1371841155 NVA WR2 53.96 16.39 1.11 8.96 0.37 4.90 9.26 2.45 0.17 1.09 0.35 15.10 52.24 86.00 62 22.22 4.90 3.00 2.50 2 8 2.8880866426 NVA MS32 52.43 14.80 1.40 11.30 0.22 4.59 9.17 2.92 0.42 1.24 0.24 11.93 53.96 More 0 4.59 3.50 3.00 2.5 12 4.3321299639 NVA OS44 55.79 14.51 1.08 8.77 0.10 5.52 9.30 2.25 0.58 0.91 0.20 15.96 52.43 5.52 4.00 3.50 3 4 1.4440433213 NVA MS34 50.97 14.71 1.38 11.17 0.39 6.24 8.96 1.71 1.51 1.41 0.29 10.43 55.79 6.24 4.50 4.00 3.5 10 3.6101083032 NVA KB48 54.13 16.65 1.50 12.13 0.29 3.96 3.33 3.64 1.46 1.31 0.24 12.70 50.97 3.96 5.00 4.50 4 17 6.1371841155 NVA AS23 55.05 14.02 1.20 9.70 0.43 5.08 8.63 2.23 1.32 1.04 0.21 13.53 54.13 5.08 5.50 5.00 4.5 23 8.3032490975 NVA AS24 54.90 14.67 1.08 8.74 0.22 6.01 8.45 2.65 1.12 0.97 0.21 15.16 55.05 6.01 6.00 5.50 5 25 9.0252707581 NVA HKS30 57.58 15.63 0.90 7.27 0.24 4.39 9.10 2.68 0.72 0.57 0.13 27.55 54.90 4.39 6.50 6.00 5.5 21 7.5812274368 NVA WR14 56.54 14.57 1.22 9.85 0.22 3.48 8.48 3.15 0.18 0.99 0.21 14.73 57.58 3.48 7.00 6.50 6 21 7.5812274368 NVA WR6 54.54 14.76 1.43 11.53 0.41 3.69 6.56 2.46 1.74 1.31 0.27 11.25 56.54 3.69 7.50 7.00 6.5 14 5.0541516245 NVA MS33 53.61 15.24 1.19 9.60 0.29 4.91 7.77 4.19 0.61 1.28 0.23 11.92 54.54 4.91 8.00 7.50 7 12 4.3321299639 NVA WR7 54.03 14.63 1.38 11.16 0.29 5.12 5.85 2.82 2.19 1.06 0.20 13.86 53.61 5.12 8.5 8.00 7.5 8 2.8880866426 NVA WR15 53.25 16.29 1.67 13.52 0.39 3.34 4.07 2.92 1.46 1.18 0.39 13.81 54.03 42.00 42.00 3.34 9.00 8.50 8 4 1.4440433213 NVA PKB20 56.11 12.99 1.42 11.49 0.25 3.45 7.41 2.13 1.72 1.52 0.21 8.53 53.25 44.00 52.00 3.45 9.50 9.00 8.5 3 1.083032491 NVA WR5 56.22 13.93 1.19 9.64 0.15 4.24 7.47 3.53 1.21 1.11 0.23 12.55 56.11 46.00 56 4.24 10 9.50 9 6 2.1660649819 NVA WR12 57.29 16.62 1.42 11.50 0.36 3.45 3.76 2.40 1.05 0.70 0.16 23.73 56.22 48.00 63 3.45 10.00 9.5 3 1.083032491 NVA WR6P 57.53 15.67 1.09 8.84 0.19 3.92 5.98 3.40 1.13 1.04 0.22 15.05 57.29 50.00 69.00 Bin Frequency 3.92 10 0 0 NVA WR17 59.65 14.33 1.09 8.78 0.19 4.22 5.16 4.11 0.21 1.06 0.21 13.47 57.53 52.00 86.00 42.00 0 0.00 4.22 277 100 NVA AS22 57.90 14.10 1.14 9.21 0.20 3.63 7.35 2.92 1.31 1.03 0.19 13.73 59.65 54.00 44.00 1 0.36 3.63 NVA HKS31 62.15 14.05 1.17 9.47 0.42 1.38 5.11 2.13 1.81 1.00 0.26 14.04 57.90 56.00 46.00 1 0.36 1.38 NVA OS42 59.07 12.60 1.41 11.45 0.42 2.27 4.03 3.10 2.38 1.62 0.36 7.77 62.15 58.00 48.00 2 0.72 2.27 NVA D38 60.80 14.22 0.77 6.20 0.24 4.03 5.85 4.34 1.92 0.59 0.35 23.90 59.07 60.00 50.00 11 3.94 4.03 NVA OS39 64.79 13.74 0.76 6.16 0.60 1.16 6.24 2.11 2.54 0.96 0.25 14.29 60.80 62.00 52.00 9 3.23 1.16 NVA NS47 63.21 12.27 1.45 11.70 0.27 1.04 2.70 1.56 3.33 0.96 0.21 12.83 64.79 64.00 54.00 43 15.41 1.04 NVA WR4 69.51 11.64 0.78 6.31 0.15 1.87 3.95 0.92 3.33 0.63 0.21 18.36 63.21 66.00 56.00 57 20.43 1.87 NVA NS46 64.86 13.94 0.92 7.44 0.10 1.45 3.31 2.89 3.10 0.94 0.22 14.84 69.51 68.00 58.00 39 13.98 1.45 NVA WR13 66.92 13.59 0.80 6.50 0.10 1.13 3.81 1.65 3.91 0.70 0.15 19.41 64.86 70.00 60.00 19 6.81 1.13 NVA HKS29 69.14 12.79 0.79 6.39 0.21 0.71 3.85 1.14 3.43 0.68 0.16 18.92 66.92 72.00 62.00 9 3.23 0.71 NVA PKB18 67.86 12.63 0.84 6.81 0.21 1.23 2.87 2.77 2.98 0.84 0.18 15.00 69.14 74.00 64.00 6 2.15 1.23 NVA HKS27 68.20 11.98 0.92 7.46 0.10 0.66 2.97 2.25 3.69 0.72 0.22 16.71 67.86 76.00 66.00 12 4.30 0.66 NVA WR3 72.03 12.06 0.59 4.80 0.15 0.92 2.76 2.86 2.55 0.59 0.15 20.34 68.20 78.00 68.00 5 1.79 0.92 NVA WR8 70.11 12.24 0.81 6.55 0.09 0.47 1.72 2.53 3.95 0.63 0.17 19.52 72.03 80.00 70.00 10 3.58 0.47 NVA WR10 74.18 11.37 0.55 4.43 0.00 0.38 1.93 1.83 4.26 0.49 0.09 23.33 70.11 82.00 72.00 15 5.38 0.38 NVA WR16 71.74 12.09 0.64 5.18 0.14 0.29 1.52 2.95 4.06 0.60 0.19 20.17 74.18 84.00 74.00 24 8.60 0.29 NVA WR11 73.10 11.49 0.63 5.06 0.09 0.19 1.51 2.32 4.44 0.49 0.11 23.27 71.74 86.00 76.00 9 3.23 0.19 NVA OS43 75.24 12.95 0.41 3.30 0.09 0.22 0.86 0.93 5.20 0.39 0.05 33.42 73.10 78.00 4 1.43 0.22 NVA OS40 71.11 13.41 0.53 4.27 0.21 0.40 0.92 2.34 5.69 0.52 0.12 25.88 75.24 80.00 2 0.72 0.40 NVA MS35 73.65 11.33 0.54 4.34 0.00 0.41 1.32 2.23 5.16 0.46 0.09 24.89 71.11 82.00 1 0.36 0.41 NVA C19 72.42 12.73 0.45 3.68 0.12 0.08 1.62 2.73 5.15 0.48 0.12 26.25 73.65 84.00 0 0.00 0.08 NVA OS41 73.93 12.19 0.45 3.67 0.17 0.19 0.66 3.32 4.53 0.37 0.09 32.70 72.42 86.00 0 0.00 0.19 NVA AS21 76.70 11.26 0.24 1.95 0.03 0.04 0.44 1.41 7.34 0.31 0.06 36.13 73.93 More 0 0.04 Nhleko NZ-34 53.81 13.43 1.25 10.14 0.15 4.52 8.94 4.30 1.24 1.25 0.22 10.73 76.70 4.52 Nhleko NZ-35 53.06 13.74 1.30 10.56 0.16 4.73 8.37 4.51 1.08 1.30 0.23 10.54 53.81 4.73 Nhleko NS-01 48.91 14.09 1.51 12.22 0.21 6.53 9.46 2.65 0.46 1.24 0.22 11.38 53.06 6.53 Nhleko NS-02 52.33 12.98 1.40 11.33 0.18 5.73 9.16 3.04 0.50 1.23 0.21 10.57 48.91 5.73 Nhleko NS-03 50.83 14.10 1.49 12.08 0.18 6.03 8.23 2.99 0.76 1.14 0.19 12.41 52.33 6.03 Nhleko NS-04 49.36 15.82 1.41 11.43 0.18 5.07 9.27 3.33 0.75 1.17 0.20 13.55 50.83 5.07 Nhleko NS-12 48.07 14.88 1.54 12.46 0.19 7.11 8.41 3.21 1.12 1.25 0.22 11.85 49.36 7.11 Nhleko NS-15 45.99 16.71 1.49 12.06 0.16 4.25 14.03 1.84 1.12 1.33 0.23 12.58 48.07 4.25 Nhleko NS-17 51.90 14.77 1.43 11.55 0.17 4.98 8.46 2.40 0.56 1.42 0.27 10.43 45.99 4.98 Nhleko NZ-36 74.06 11.34 0.52 4.23 0.07 0.35 2.15 2.44 3.64 0.47 0.10 24.04 51.90 0.35 Nhleko NS-09 73.00 12.82 0.43 3.52 0.06 0.03 1.48 1.39 5.26 0.50 0.50 25.40 74.06 0.03 Nhleko NS-13 74.86 10.94 0.39 3.17 0.03 0.55 0.94 0.92 6.39 0.47 0.14 23.19 73.00 0.55 Nhleko NZ-37 74.30 11.88 0.49 3.99 0.06 0.48 1.86 2.68 3.37 0.49 0.11 24.08 74.86 0.48 Nhleko NZ-38 65.17 11.75 1.09 8.84 0.14 1.81 4.37 0.93 2.97 1.28 0.24 9.19 74.30 1.81 Nhleko NS-05 81.80 7.24 0.45 3.68 0.04 0.38 0.14 0.05 4.44 0.47 0.06 15.28 65.17 0.38 Nhleko NS-06 57.41 13.59 1.52 12.28 0.16 2.28 5.10 2.87 0.66 1.67 0.29 8.11 81.80 2.28 Nhleko NS-07 72.96 10.77 0.83 6.75 0.05 0.90 0.12 0.05 5.60 0.74 0.07 14.52 57.41 0.90 Nhleko NS-08 54.88 14.09 1.66 13.45 0.20 2.49 4.48 0.11 5.24 1.39 0.25 10.15 72.96 2.49 Nhleko NS-14 58.74 12.29 1.48 11.99 0.17 2.78 4.43 0.63 3.63 1.68 0.33 7.31 54.88 2.78 Nhleko NZ-39 73.37 14.13 0.51 4.15 0.03 0.05 0.03 0.11 6.28 0.39 0.04 36.58 58.74 0.05 Nhleko NS-10 77.84 10.59 0.28 2.25 0.06 0.05 0.15 0.80 7.09 0.33 0.04 31.82 73.37 0.05 Nhleko NG-06 71.28 12.37 0.49 3.98 0.05 0.26 2.59 2.02 5.34 0.58 0.12 21.21 77.84 0.26 Nhleko NG-14 52.07 14.82 1.28 10.36 0.17 4.67 10.02 3.06 0.67 1.25 0.24 11.87 71.28 4.67 Nhleko NS-16 56.87 15.81 0.87 7.02 0.15 6.62 3.99 0.51 5.55 0.83 0.12 19.11 52.07 6.62 Nhleko NZ-31 54.85 14.45 1.11 8.98 0.15 4.85 9.74 2.47 1.61 1.01 0.18 14.34 56.87 4.85 Nhleko NZ-40 54.79 14.36 1.10 8.91 0.15 4.30 10.90 2.39 0.40 1.02 0.19 14.10 54.85 4.30 Nhleko NZ-33 49.43 15.71 1.41 11.41 0.17 4.56 11.07 3.01 0.36 1.35 0.27 11.64 54.79 4.56 Nhleko NZ-41 55.91 14.23 1.22 9.87 0.16 5.05 8.13 2.68 0.50 1.16 0.25 12.30 49.43 5.05 Nhleko NS-18 60.01 13.82 1.33 10.77 0.16 3.80 3.67 2.61 0.83 0.74 0.18 18.59 55.91 3.80 CG01/13 49.63 14.54 1.48 11.96 0.19 6.67 10.28 2.76 1.30 1.17 0.06 12.41 60.01 6.67 CG01/15 50.77 14.85 1.47 11.87 0.19 6.00 9.89 2.82 0.59 1.21 0.14 12.27 49.63 6.00 CG01/16 50.00 14.71 1.55 12.58 0.19 5.91 9.51 3.69 0.34 1.48 0.18 9.91 50.77 5.91 CG01/17 50.58 14.56 1.50 12.11 0.19 5.93 9.24 3.71 0.41 1.44 0.17 10.14 50.00 5.93 CG01/18 49.89 14.28 1.56 12.64 0.19 5.96 9.48 3.35 0.44 1.48 0.20 9.64 50.58 5.96 CG01/19 52.92 15.15 1.26 10.18 0.16 5.71 8.29 3.82 0.50 1.17 0.41 12.96 49.89 5.71 CG01/20 52.95 16.01 1.26 10.23 0.19 5.47 8.70 3.20 0.65 1.08 0.34 14.89 52.92 5.47 CG01/21 49.90 18.24 1.39 11.26 0.18 5.17 8.17 2.81 1.03 1.28 0.39 14.23 52.95 5.17 CG01/170 50.47 18.09 1.46 11.79 0.17 5.10 7.76 2.28 1.05 1.34 0.32 13.53 49.90 5.10 CG01/122 69.73 12.60 0.74 6.00 0.10 0.90 3.68 1.02 3.60 0.65 0.15 19.38 50.47 0.90 CG01/1 55.95 17.82 1.07 8.66 0.14 3.72 6.13 4.93 0.49 0.94 0.19 18.89 69.73 3.72 CG01/2 56.42 15.98 1.27 10.31 0.16 4.86 5.16 3.53 1.21 1.08 0.22 14.74 55.95 4.86 CG01/3 54.22 15.81 1.21 9.77 0.18 4.88 8.46 3.95 0.86 0.95 0.19 16.57 56.42 4.88 CG01/4 53.99 15.45 1.27 10.28 0.16 4.65 10.59 2.03 0.35 1.10 0.21 14.01 54.22 4.65 CG01/5 65.51 10.91 0.90 7.28 0.08 1.32 12.54 0.00 0.11 0.95 0.19 11.45 53.99 1.32 CG01/6 55.34 15.77 1.19 9.67 0.18 5.47 6.63 3.66 0.89 1.01 0.20 15.60 65.51 5.47 CG01/7 59.38 12.97 1.41 11.42 0.15 1.90 4.59 3.32 2.43 1.39 0.25 9.35 55.34 1.90 CG01/47 54.77 15.23 1.24 10.01 0.17 5.65 6.97 3.36 1.46 1.05 0.21 14.50 59.38 5.65 CG01/48 54.95 14.82 1.24 10.06 0.17 5.86 6.75 3.17 1.25 1.03 0.20 14.43 54.77 5.86 CG01/49 55.13 15.55 1.16 9.41 0.17 5.51 6.83 3.92 1.24 0.95 0.19 16.35 54.95 5.51 CG01/50 55.49 15.05 1.20 9.68 0.17 5.15 7.42 2.95 1.97 1.00 0.19 15.01 55.13 5.15 CG01/51 56.06 15.04 1.22 9.88 0.17 5.06 7.21 3.13 1.09 1.02 0.21 14.78 55.49 5.06 CG01/123 52.58 15.18 1.40 11.35 0.19 5.15 8.00 3.42 1.03 1.24 0.24 12.24 56.06 5.15 CG01/125 52.95 15.57 1.36 10.98 0.17 4.29 9.37 2.54 0.78 1.28 0.25 12.18 52.58 4.29 CG01/126 52.81 16.98 1.32 10.66 0.16 3.69 8.04 3.80 1.03 1.30 0.24 13.08 52.95 3.69 CGO1/127 54.52 15.50 1.30 10.55 0.16 4.12 7.44 3.31 1.53 1.33 0.28 11.64 52.81 4.12 CG01/128 56.06 14.87 1.29 10.43 0.17 4.18 6.76 2.74 1.68 1.29 0.28 11.50 54.52 4.18 CG01/131 55.68 16.24 1.47 11.93 0.20 2.60 5.09 3.28 1.12 1.57 0.30 10.35 56.06 2.60 CG01/132 55.61 14.38 1.39 11.26 0.18 3.99 7.82 3.01 0.78 1.32 0.26 10.92 55.68 3.99 CG01/133 61.98 12.76 1.35 10.94 0.14 1.24 3.70 4.11 1.81 1.16 0.40 10.98 55.61 1.24 CG01/134 55.33 14.14 1.45 11.75 0.18 4.60 5.69 3.88 1.08 1.35 0.26 10.46 61.98 4.60 CG01/135 59.96 13.02 1.48 11.99 0.14 1.66 4.44 3.00 2.17 1.42 0.28 9.19 55.33 1.66 CG01/167 59.45 13.47 1.45 11.77 0.16 2.08 3.93 2.63 3.33 1.41 0.27 9.57 59.96 2.08 PG20/2000 55.37 18.96 0.85 6.87 0.12 3.42 7.10 4.90 1.40 0.72 0.16 26.45 59.45 3.42 PG21/2000 57.09 17.50 0.89 7.19 0.13 3.50 7.34 4.31 1.20 0.82 0.17 21.39 55.37 3.50 PG22/2000 55.31 14.04 1.39 11.23 0.18 4.25 7.72 3.36 0.53 1.31 0.26 10.74 57.09 4.25 PG23/2000 54.14 14.63 1.49 12.06 0.19 3.28 7.15 2.89 1.60 1.37 0.27 10.67 55.31 3.28 PG24/2000 61.84 13.72 1.31 10.62 0.12 1.77 2.80 1.43 3.56 1.80 0.43 7.61 54.14 1.77 PG25/2000 54.74 14.87 1.25 10.12 0.17 5.79 6.86 3.42 0.87 1.03 0.21 14.40 61.84 5.79 PG26/2000 59.88 12.79 1.44 11.66 0.16 2.13 5.39 2.17 2.81 1.36 0.26 9.42 54.74 2.13 CG01/22 55.35 15.78 1.14 9.25 0.1905 6.76 6.22 3.44 0.99 0.6569 0.12 24.02 59.88 6.76 CG01/23 55.7 15.15 1.1 8.88 0.1714 7.35 6.28 3.66 0.92 0.6856 0.12 22.10 55.35 7.35 CG01/25 71.8 11.38 0.75 6.07 0.0874 0.38 1.38 2.14 4.87 0.4881 0.09 23.31 55.7 0.38 CG01/26 52.68 13.45 1.28 10.37 0.1871 8.42 11.11 1.39 0.19 0.6438 0.1 20.89 71.8 8.42 CG01/27 53.55 13.03 1.2 9.75 0.1916 8.88 10.36 1.7 0.44 0.5965 0.09 21.84 52.68 8.88 CG01/28 69.09 12.55 0.86 6.95 0.119 0.56 4.5 0.93 3.44 0.6701 0.16 18.73 53.55 0.56 CG01/29 53.98 14.06 1.13 9.13 0.1667 7.94 9.14 2.46 0.94 0.7093 0.11 19.82 69.09 7.94 CG01/30 52.85 14.56 1.19 9.61 0.1684 8.6 8.71 3.01 0.43 0.697 0.11 20.89 53.98 8.6 CG01/31 72.65 11.88 0.56 4.52 0.0793 0.55 2.3 2.03 3.94 0.5385 0.11 22.06 52.85 0.55 CG01/32 54.62 13.22 1.04 8.46 0.1776 9.35 8.84 3.11 0.62 0.5692 0.07 23.23 72.65 9.35 CG01/33 54.44 13.75 1.2 9.72 0.2011 6.69 11.07 2.01 0.31 0.6562 0.1 20.95 54.62 6.69 CG01/34 71.69 11.22 0.64 5.19 0.0939 2.49 4.97 1.74 0.87 0.5514 0.11 20.35 54.44 2.49 CG01/35 55.56 12.88 1.07 8.69 0.2135 9.25 7.84 2.02 1.54 0.562 0.07 22.92 71.69 9.25 CG01/36 54.21 15.56 1.25 10.1 0.1713 4.84 9.48 1.62 1.11 0.9597 0.17 16.21 55.56 4.84 CG01/37 70.36 14.78 0.39 3.12 0.0476 0.93 1.38 4.35 3.84 0.4904 0.16 30.14 54.21 0.93 CG01/38 54.04 14.01 1.15 9.32 0.1689 8.9 6.71 4.29 0.39 0.6773 0.12 20.69 70.36 8.9 CG01/39 70.38 12.64 0.66 5.38 0.1104 0.68 2.82 1.93 4.17 0.7272 0.18 17.38 54.04 0.68 CG01/40 64.44 12.2 1.39 11.25 0.1409 1.14 3.5 2.42 1.81 1.1608 0.41 10.51 70.38 1.14 CG01/41 56.03 15.54 1.17 9.47 0.1794 5.25 9.32 1.53 0.39 0.7972 0.14 19.49 64.44 5.25 CG01/82 73.54 12.02 0.65 5.3 0.0694 0.42 1.36 1.66 4.31 0.5118 0.08 23.49 56.03 0.42 CG01/83 73.37 11.79 0.61 4.94 0.0678 0.38 1.46 1.94 4.15 0.4973 0.08 23.71 73.54 0.38 CG01/84 74.42 11.64 0.52 4.17 0.0465 0.44 1.25 1.65 4.57 0.499 0.08 23.33 73.37 0.44 CG01/85 61.53 14.87 0.87 7.01 0.1276 4.28 4.18 3.75 2.18 0.6514 0.16 22.83 74.42 4.28 CG01/86 61.24 13.55 1.3 10.51 0.1542 1.29 6.52 1.69 1.78 1.1869 0.23 11.42 61.53 1.29 CG01/87 53.21 17.07 1.2 9.72 0.171 6.97 7.42 3.25 0.22 0.7007 0.13 24.36 61.24 6.97 CG01/88 54.19 13.47 1.15 9.33 0.1759 8.53 9.21 2.14 0.29 0.6086 0.1 22.13 53.21 8.53 CG01/89 52.71 14.83 1.19 9.65 0.1716 8.02 9.54 2.12 0.47 0.7259 0.12 20.43 54.19 8.02 CG01/90 53.62 15.56 1.16 9.39 0.1807 7.88 7.69 2.38 1.45 0.7252 0.11 21.46 52.71 7.88 CG01/91 58.41 16.26 1.23 9.97 0.1619 3.7 4.56 3.32 1.05 0.8504 0.17 19.12 53.62 3.7 CG01/92 64.27 12.7 1.28 10.37 0.0881 0.62 3.94 2.41 2.67 1.105 0.42 11.49 58.41 0.62 CG01/93 70.98 12.19 0.74 5.97 0.0725 0.37 1.71 2.8 3.84 0.64 0.16 19.05 64.27 0.37 CG01/94 55.96 15.36 1.42 11.5 0.1904 4.15 5.5 2.75 1.35 1.1487 0.2 13.37 70.98 4.15 CG01/140 64.22 12.89 1.11 9.02 0.1392 1.2 3.76 3.11 2.77 0.9754 0.22 13.22 55.96 1.2 CG01/141 53.29 13.63 1.42 11.47 0.2578 5.81 8.36 2.54 1.53 1.4548 0.13 9.37 64.22 5.81 CG01/142 52.55 13.5 1.46 11.82 0.2221 5.55 9.17 2.3 1.5 1.4305 0.13 9.44 53.29 5.55 CG01/143 54.9 17.5 1.15 9.31 0.1519 4.15 8.52 2.86 0.16 0.9295 0.19 18.83 52.55 4.15 CG01/144 54.57 16.47 1.47 11.94 0.173 4.31 4.77 3.38 1.12 1.1247 0.21 14.64 54.9 4.31 CG01/147 63.61 13.46 1.38 11.19 0.1242 0.87 2.04 2.11 3.14 1.2873 0.4 10.46 54.57 0.87 CG01/148 53.51 15.19 1.21 9.78 0.1738 7.78 8.62 2.37 0.36 0.7224 0.12 21.03 63.61 7.78 CG01/149 54.4 14.85 1.17 9.47 0.1987 7.33 8.35 2.63 0.32 0.6862 0.12 21.64 53.51 7.33 CG01/150 51.84 13.7 1.2 9.74 0.1903 9.07 10.3 2.13 0.49 0.6188 0.1 22.14 54.4 9.07 CG01/151 54.39 15.53 1.14 9.26 0.1749 5.87 10.08 1.66 0.79 0.7556 0.14 20.55 51.84 5.87 CG01/153 55.53 15.16 1.16 9.37 0.1601 6.04 8.5 2.55 0.77 0.7811 0.14 19.41 54.39 6.04 CG01/154 53.4 15.08 1.16 9.38 0.1732 6.49 9.65 2.28 1.32 0.7991 0.14 18.87 55.53 6.49 CG01/158 63.54 13.31 1.22 9.88 0.1313 1.39 4.25 2.5 2.13 1.1453 0.35 11.62 53.4 1.39 CG01/160 53.07 15.4 1.18 9.58 0.178 6.77 9.24 2.81 0.6 0.8131 0.14 18.94 63.54 6.77 CG01/161 72.58 11.67 0.63 5.09 0.0693 0.28 1.48 2.8 4.28 0.5056 0.09 23.08 53.07 0.28 CG01/162 53.29 13.19 1.2 9.72 0.1931 8.89 10.59 1.66 0.57 0.6073 0.1 21.72 72.58 8.89 CG01/163 72.49 11.86 0.69 5.55 0.0687 0.35 1.68 2.21 4.34 0.526 0.09 22.55 53.29 0.35 CG01/114 68.73 13.78 0.88 7.12 0.113 1.47 1.2 4.54 0.51 0.937 0.21 14.71 72.49 1.47 CG01/115 72.81 12.41 0.63 5.07 0.0711 0.44 2.18 3.05 2.34 0.6233 0.15 19.91 68.73 0.44 CG01/116 61.97 15.8 1.03 8.32 0.1406 1.32 3.82 3.85 2.11 1.271 0.31 12.43 72.81 1.32 CG01/117 60.55 17.77 1.05 8.54 0.1259 0.95 2.72 4.16 2.14 1.2692 0.27 14.00 61.97 0.95 CG01/118 59.89 15.61 1.58 12.77 0.146 1.09 2.15 1.88 3.11 1.1008 0.25 14.18 60.55 1.09 CG01/119 69.21 13.4 0.78 6.31 0.084 0.52 1.43 2.64 3.96 0.8336 0.19 16.07 59.89 0.52 CG01/120 66.91 13.18 1.14 9.19 0.112 0.74 1.21 2.17 3.92 0.8462 0.19 15.58 69.21 0.74 CG01/121 68.54 13.11 1 8.12 0.1098 0.54 1.96 2.45 2.76 0.9006 0.19 14.56 66.91 0.54 CG01/136 66.28 12.74 0.91 7.39 0.1268 0.93 4.49 3.57 1.76 0.8448 0.17 15.08 68.54 0.93 CG01/137 43.53 17.88 3.81 30.89 0.3868 2.34 0.09 0 0.27 0.134 0.03 133.43 66.28 2.34 CG01/139 64.19 13.2 1.17 9.44 0.1514 1.25 2.57 3.32 3.28 0.9851 0.2 13.40 43.53 1.25 PG29/2000 64.79 12.85 1.06 8.57 0.1359 0.82 3.86 3.68 2.77 0.9174 0.2 14.01 64.19 0.82 PG30/2000 66.76 13.32 1.05 8.51 0.0863 0.73 1.29 3.13 3.36 0.8589 0.18 15.51 64.79 0.73 CG01/74 59.25 13.28 1.41 11.44 0.1785 1.91 3.14 5.06 1.36 1.7625 0.41 7.53 66.76 1.91 CG01/75 64.34 18.7 0.9 7.28 0.0728 0.92 0.36 0 5.5 1.264 0.07 14.79 59.25 0.92 CG01/77 78.7 11.51 0.45 3.64 0.0274 0.54 0.09 0.01 3.67 0.6338 0.05 18.16 64.34 0.54 CG01/78 52.56 17.25 1.83 14.78 0.2758 1.21 4.7 2.3 2.24 2.0829 0.55 8.28 78.7 1.21 CG01/79 59.88 14.64 1.23 9.94 0.1523 4.55 3.62 4.14 0.27 1.0577 0.19 13.84 52.56 4.55 CGO1/80 56.6 16.04 1.43 11.56 0.1645 6.22 2.3 3.72 0.09 1.1723 0.21 13.68 59.88 6.22 CG01/81 59.32 14.22 1.17 9.45 0.1543 4.83 5.26 3.64 0.32 1.0393 0.18 13.68 56.6 4.83 CG01/9 72.99 11.8 0.55 4.42 0.0658 0.46 2.02 3.05 3.7 0.5022 0.09 23.50 59.32 0.46 CG01/10 72.87 11.86 0.54 4.36 0.0684 0.32 1.4 3.33 3.9 0.5153 0.09 23.02 72.99 0.32 CG01/11 73.12 11.99 0.63 5.1 0.0641 0.23 1.06 3.25 3.61 0.513 0.11 23.37 72.87 0.23 PG27/2000 72.84 11.64 0.55 4.45 0.0713 0.44 1.84 2.99 3.82 0.508 0.09 22.91 73.12 0.44 PG28/2000 72.67 11.69 0.55 4.44 0.0765 0.34 1.86 3.78 3.22 0.5135 0.1 22.77 72.84 0.34 CG01/106 58.47 13.32 1.32 10.67 0.1714 2.93 5.45 3.33 1.85 1.4372 0.24 9.27 72.67 2.93 CG01/107 62.85 11.04 1.33 10.78 0.1539 2.41 4.87 1.4 2.75 1.6136 0.28 6.84 58.47 2.41 CG01/108 56.99 13.58 1.36 10.98 0.1776 3.49 7.59 2.35 1.81 1.3985 0.22 9.71 62.85 3.49 CG01/109 56.68 12.85 1.42 11.49 0.1939 3.24 7.64 2.91 1.5 1.5877 0.23 8.09 56.99 3.24 CG01/110 56.29 12.89 1.44 11.66 0.1803 3.51 8.22 2.1 1.74 1.5881 0.23 8.12 56.68 3.51 CG01/111 54.43 10.62 1.07 8.65 0.2651 13.79 7.49 1.81 0.72 0.434 0.06 24.47 56.29 13.79 CG01/112 47.1 13.77 1.77 14.32 0.2282 5.64 9.73 2.33 0.51 3.3319 0.34 4.13 54.43 5.64 CG01/42 77.14 10.9 0.27 2.21 0.0375 0.07 0.31 0.3 8.31 0.2986 0.02 36.50 47.1 0.07 CG01/43 78.64 11.11 0.12 0.96 0.0128 0.04 0.2 0.5 8.26 0.3061 0.02 36.30 77.14 0.04 CG01/44 55.54 14.86 1.14 9.21 0.1667 5.11 8.33 2.78 1.65 1.0335 0.18 14.38 78.64 5.11 CG01/45 56.19 14.6 1.25 10.09 0.1693 4 7.95 2.6 1.93 1.1517 0.21 12.68 55.54 4 CG01/46 59.3 13.11 1.17 9.48 0.1631 3.61 6.44 3.9 1.44 1.0756 0.19 12.19 56.19 3.61 PG1/2000 71.6 12.8 0.43 3.46 0.0619 0.34 0.96 0.42 9.08 0.3798 0.05 33.70 59.3 0.34 PG2/2000 69.74 13.48 0.46 3.75 0.0764 0.34 1.61 0.73 9.08 0.4139 0.05 32.57 71.6 0.34 PG3/2000 73.45 11.69 0.4 3.24 0.0585 0.33 1.06 0.52 8.53 0.348 0.04 33.59 69.74 0.33 PG4/2000 72.67 13.09 0.42 3.44 0.0604 0.23 1.31 4.23 4.05 0.3715 0.05 35.24 73.45 0.23 PG5/2000 69.77 13.63 0.45 3.66 0.0571 0.27 0.59 0.5 10.27 0.3909 0.05 34.87 72.67 0.27 CG01/96 54.12 15.22 1.05 8.49 0.1573 6.68 9.51 1.88 1.31 0.899 0.2 16.93 69.77 6.68 CG01/97 70.39 15.53 0.65 5.3 0.0606 1.67 0.86 0.07 3.99 0.8629 0.04 18.00 54.12 1.67 CG01/98 72.48 12.26 0.53 4.31 0.0808 0.08 1.42 2.42 5.19 0.413 0.04 29.69 70.39 0.08 CG01/99 74.74 12.23 0.35 2.86 0.0384 0.15 0.45 1 7.33 0.3321 0.03 36.83 72.48 0.15 CG01/101 75.6 10.96 0.52 4.24 0.0699 0.04 0.73 1.04 6.14 0.3178 0.02 34.49 74.74 0.04 CG01/102 71.3 14.78 0.58 4.69 0.0505 0.14 0.41 1.42 5.63 0.4345 0.03 34.02 75.6 0.14 CG01/103 57.67 14.22 1.15 9.32 0.1595 3.78 7.75 2.14 2.34 1.0441 0.18 13.62 71.3 3.78 CG01/165 59.09 13.2 1.4 11.31 0.1769 2.1 5.11 3.13 2.06 1.7319 0.42 7.62 57.67 2.1 CG01/166 59.79 12.94 1.35 10.92 0.1564 2.16 4.87 2.77 2.45 1.5489 0.28 8.35 59.09 2.16 CG01/171 74.2 12.05 0.46 3.72 0.074 0.08 1.48 3.67 3.6 0.4033 0.04 29.88 59.79 0.08 PG38/2000 57.64 14.01 1.13 9.11 0.1655 3.6 7.54 2.32 2.41 1.032 0.18 13.58 74.2 3.6 PG39/2000 55.48 15.09 1.1 8.94 0.1716 5.08 8.16 1.9 1.95 1.0292 0.21 14.66 57.64 5.08 PG40/2000 55 14.35 1.19 9.61 0.1773 5.02 9.74 2.15 0.75 1.0281 0.22 13.96 55.48 5.02 PG41/2000 77.43 11.89 0.46 3.74 0.0546 0.08 0.35 1.51 3.83 0.3437 0.02 34.59 55 0.08 PG42/2000 72.68 12.23 0.54 4.34 0.0773 0.11 0.86 3.13 5.09 0.4023 0.04 30.40 77.43 0.11 PG43/2000 73.8 11.68 0.39 3.13 0.0528 0.09 0.68 0.59 8.56 0.3025 0.05 38.61 72.68 0.09 NL01 54.28 13.7 1.27 10.27 0.1725 4.81 11.87 1.8 0.71 1.116 0.2189 12.28 73.8 4.81 NL 02 56.26 14.7 1.23 9.92 0.1351 4.43 7.96 3.41 0.98 0.9616 0.1604 15.29 54.28 4.43 NL 03 53.67 12.09 1.03 8.32 0.181 11.02 9.95 1.11 1.52 0.3191 0.0339 37.89 56.26 11.02 NL 04 56.43 13.5 1.15 9.28 0.168 5.97 8.5 2.89 1.3 0.8099 0.1306 16.67 53.67 5.97 NL 05 56.23 13.52 1.17 9.49 0.1671 5.33 8.5 3.76 0.25 0.8184 0.1237 16.52 56.43 5.33 NL 06 57.73 13.17 1.35 10.93 0.1565 5.57 9.17 0.33 0.92 0.8076 0.1112 16.31 56.23 5.57 NL 07 57.29 13.75 1.13 9.18 0.153 5.1 6.83 3.89 0.62 0.9359 0.1822 14.69 57.73 5.1 NL 08 71.71 11.98 0.63 5.14 0.1032 0.47 2.49 1.85 4.75 0.5214 0.1197 22.98 57.29 0.47 NL 09 56.5 14.31 1.2 9.72 0.1629 4.77 8.27 2.4 1.41 1.0158 0.2039 14.09 71.71 4.77 NL 10 71.6 11.93 0.65 5.23 0.1072 0.46 2.41 2.28 4.31 0.5409 0.1258 22.06 56.5 0.46 NL 12 57.37 13.14 1.16 9.35 0.1648 5.18 9.2 2.71 0.6 0.8029 0.1289 16.37 71.6 5.18 NL 13 70.19 12.56 0.65 5.27 0.0614 0.58 1.43 0.42 8.02 0.5108 0.1129 24.59 57.37 0.58 NL-14 56.15 14.02 1.26 10.19 0.1475 4.22 7.97 3.9 0.63 1.0677 0.1738 13.13 70.19 4.22 NL-15 54.82 14.34 1.25 10.1 0.1632 5.09 8.13 4.04 0.58 1.0893 0.2073 13.16 56.15 5.09 NL-16 56.54 12.95 1.23 9.96 0.1654 5.34 8.4 3.58 0.99 0.8238 0.1391 15.72 54.82 5.34 NL-17 55.78 13.65 1.12 9.11 0.153 6.41 7.49 3.06 2.51 1.0104 0.2043 13.51 56.54 6.41 NL-18 56.21 11.53 1.19 9.67 0.1765 7.4 9.89 2.32 0.87 0.7991 0.1385 14.43 55.78 7.4 NL-19 56.81 13.97 1.27 10.25 0.1801 4.52 11.74 0.55 0.3 0.6837 0.1018 20.43 56.21 4.52 NL-20 56.13 10.79 1.17 9.47 0.1775 7.63 10.58 2.3 0.77 0.8035 0.1357 13.43 56.81 7.63 NL-21 55.45 12.53 1.16 9.4 0.1814 7.09 9.66 3.18 0.32 0.8321 0.1529 15.06 56.13 7.09 NL-22 57.15 13.63 1.28 10.38 0.177 4.1 8.02 2.89 1 1.1054 0.2092 12.33 55.45 4.1 NL-23 56.25 14.21 1.26 10.21 0.1855 4.96 6.12 3.19 2.02 1.1442 0.2167 12.42 57.15 4.96 NL-24 56.35 11.82 1.18 9.58 0.1713 6.81 9.86 2.48 0.73 0.8395 0.1406 14.08 56.25 6.81 NL-25 56.28 11.91 1.19 9.64 0.1697 6.61 9.72 2.34 1.02 0.8457 0.1441 14.08 56.35 6.61 NL-26 57.44 14.11 1.2 9.75 0.1451 4.03 8.46 3.2 0.75 0.969 0.1672 14.56 56.28 4.03 NL-27 56.09 11.59 1.18 9.58 0.17 7.19 9.87 2.42 0.79 0.80 0.13 14.49 57.44 7.19 CG02/205 61.06 13.88 1.09 8.82 0.13 2.24 5.97 4.92 0.81 0.85 0.16 16.33 56.09 2.24 CG02/206 64.87 12.76 1.15 9.30 0.12 3.77 2.52 3.59 0.90 0.79 0.13 16.15 61.06 3.77 CG02/210 52.73 12.89 1.62 13.15 0.22 4.21 8.66 1.97 1.59 2.26 0.35 5.70 64.87 4.21 CG02/211 65.18 14.11 0.92 7.44 0.10 1.76 2.44 2.82 3.94 0.84 0.16 16.80 52.73 1.76 CG02/212 59.82 14.50 1.11 8.98 0.14 3.71 4.86 4.52 1.22 0.89 0.16 16.29 65.18 3.71 CG02/213 63.24 13.81 1.05 8.51 0.12 2.47 3.18 4.21 2.39 0.86 0.14 16.06 59.82 2.47 WM05/9 58.61 14.82 1.06 8.57 0.16 4.25 6.38 2.73 2.34 0.96 0.20 15.44 63.24 4.25 WM05/10 55.50 14.40 1.36 10.99 0.19 5.24 7.90 3.69 0.05 0.84 0.13 17.14 58.61 5.24 WM05/14 59.91 14.06 1.05 8.53 0.14 3.00 7.04 2.71 2.47 1.00 0.21 14.06 55.50 3.00 WM2/2000 Flow int 52.80 14.70 1.58 12.79 0.17 4.32 8.16 1.95 1.19 1.61 0.29 9.11 59.91 4.32 WM3/2000 Flow int 47.85 15.21 1.78 14.41 0.22 4.66 9.87 3.29 0.18 1.66 0.30 9.17 52.80 4.66 WM4/2000 Flow int 49.19 15.81 1.40 11.32 0.19 3.64 10.87 4.50 0.33 1.71 0.30 9.27 47.85 3.64 WM5/2000 Flow int 50.19 16.37 1.43 11.54 0.20 4.96 8.22 4.39 0.40 1.59 0.28 10.30 49.19 4.96 WM6/2000 Flow int 49.13 16.23 1.36 11.04 0.24 4.27 10.62 3.75 1.18 1.54 0.26 10.57 50.19 4.27 WM10/2000 Chill 49.11 15.44 1.69 13.71 0.23 4.65 10.35 3.35 0.02 1.15 0.19 13.43 49.13 4.65 WM11/2000 Chill 54.14 15.02 1.23 9.97 0.18 5.79 8.77 3.65 0.02 0.89 0.17 16.88 49.11 5.79 WM12/2000 Chill 55.41 14.72 1.24 10.04 0.17 6.26 8.01 3.14 0.01 0.87 0.16 16.92 54.14 6.26 WM13/2000 Chill 54.16 14.94 1.22 9.86 0.17 6.45 8.09 2.95 0.58 0.82 0.16 18.22 55.41 6.45 WM15/2000 Chill 51.58 15.64 1.58 12.81 0.21 4.88 7.04 3.83 0.36 1.20 0.21 13.03 54.16 4.88 WM16/2000 Chill 53.76 14.17 1.24 10.06 0.17 6.30 9.25 2.24 1.06 0.88 0.17 16.10 51.58 6.30 WM17/2000 Chill 52.03 14.31 1.23 10.00 0.20 6.50 10.65 2.35 0.83 1.08 0.18 13.25 53.76 6.50 WM05/1 Chill 53.73 14.79 1.48 11.99 0.15 3.50 8.81 2.54 1.06 1.55 0.28 9.54 52.03 3.50 WM05/2 Chill 54.62 14.59 1.22 9.90 0.16 6.75 8.38 2.34 0.99 0.89 0.16 16.39 53.73 6.75 WM05/3 Chill 54.91 14.83 1.20 9.75 0.17 6.07 9.26 2.08 0.85 0.91 0.18 16.30 54.62 6.07 WM05/4 dyke 52.26 14.72 1.23 9.94 0.21 6.68 10.66 2.51 0.76 1.08 0.18 13.63 54.91 6.68 WM05/5 Chill 55.08 16.89 1.22 9.92 0.25 4.49 7.29 0.61 2.92 1.04 0.18 16.24 52.26 4.49 WM05/6 Chill 53.73 15.89 1.23 9.95 0.21 5.53 8.11 3.80 0.29 0.99 0.16 16.05 55.08 5.53 WM05/7 Chill 52.09 16.23 1.29 10.41 0.26 5.80 8.93 3.55 0.36 1.02 0.17 15.91 53.73 5.80 WM05/8 Chill 54.57 14.80 1.21 9.84 0.18 6.08 8.61 2.81 0.87 0.89 0.17 16.63 52.09 6.08 54.57 Sheet1 Sheet2 Sheet3 Basalt Basaltic andesite Andesite Dacite Rhyolite 278 samples % MgO % 278 samples % SiO2 % % SiO2 % MgO Basalt Basaltic andesite Andesite Dacite Rhyolite 22.5 24.0322580645 22.0967741935 23.7931034483 19.4666666667 15.306122449 14.380952381 15.0980392157 11.9327731092 15.9550561798 10.4285714286 12.6984126984 13.5294117647 15.1578947368 27.5471698113 14.7252747253 11.25 11.92 13.8613861386 13.8053097345 8.5333333333 12.5454545455 23.7313432836 15.0495049505 13.4653465347 13.7254901961 14.0425531915 7.7707006369 23.8983050847 14.2857142857 12.8260869565 18.3606557377 14.8351648352 19.4117647059 18.9230769231 15 16.7142857143 20.3448275862 19.5161290323 23.3333333333 20.1694915254 23.2653061224 33.4210526316 25.8823529412 24.8888888889 26.25 32.7027027027 36.1290322581 10.7258064516 10.5426356589 11.3821138211 10.5737704918 12.4107142857 13.5454545455 11.8548387097 12.5757575758 10.4285714286 24.0425531915 25.4 23.1914893617 24.0816326531 9.1869918699 15.2765957447 8.1132075472 14.5205479452 10.1515151515 7.3053892216 36.5789473684 31.8181818182 21.2068965517 11.8699186992 19.1139240506 14.3434343434 14.1 11.6417910448 12.3008849558 18.5915492958 12.4114383269 12.2717130816 9.9144031812 10.1449275362 9.6447386195 12.9620123203 14.8930232558 14.2310993212 13.5252336449 19.3816335948 18.893129771 14.7403376072 16.572327044 14.0072529465 11.4504617968 15.5968746909 9.3497693195 14.5006188708 14.4275700935 16.3546487169 15.0109714742 14.7813267813 12.2439103081 12.177381511 13.0766268772 11.6401321718 11.5039455361 10.3538412496 10.9170968722 10.9753999656 10.4601272378 9.1949152542 9.5654026417 26.4508928571 21.3936430318 10.7446238616 10.6718214312 7.6095396561 14.4033320418 9.4182621502 24.0219211448 22.0974329055 23.3148944888 20.8915812364 21.8440905281 18.7285479779 19.8223600733 20.8895265423 22.061281337 23.2255797611 20.9539774459 20.3482045702 22.9181494662 16.2134000208 30.1386623165 20.6850730843 17.3817381738 10.5099931082 19.493226292 23.4857366159 23.708023326 23.3266533066 22.8277556033 11.4162945488 24.3613529328 22.13276372 20.4298112688 21.4561500276 19.1204139229 11.4932126697 19.046875 13.3716375033 13.2150912446 9.3689854276 9.4372596994 18.8273265196 14.6439050413 10.455993164 21.0271317829 21.6409210143 22.1396250808 20.5532027528 19.4085264371 18.8712301339 11.6214092378 18.9398597958 23.0814873418 21.7190844723 22.5475285171 14.7065101387 19.9101556233 12.4311565696 14.0009454775 14.1805959302 16.0748560461 15.5755140629 14.5569620253 15.0804924242 133.4328358209 13.3996548574 14.0069762372 15.5082081732 7.534751773 14.7943037975 18.1603029347 8.2817225983 13.8413538811 13.6825044784 13.6822861541 23.4966148945 23.0157189986 23.3723196881 22.9133858268 22.7653359299 9.2680211522 6.8418443233 9.7104040043 8.0934685394 8.1166173415 24.4700460829 4.1327770942 36.503683858 36.2953283241 14.3783260764 12.6769123904 12.1885459279 33.7019483939 32.5682532013 33.591954023 35.2355316285 34.8682527501 16.9299221357 17.9974504578 29.6852300242 36.8262571515 34.4870988043 34.0161104718 13.6193851164 7.6216871644 8.3543159662 29.8785023556 13.5755813953 14.6618732997 13.9577862076 34.5941227815 30.4001988566 38.6115702479 12.2759856631 15.2870216306 37.8878094641 16.6687245339 16.5200391007 16.3075780089 14.6917405706 22.9766014576 14.0874187832 22.0558328711 16.3656744302 24.5888801879 13.1310293154 13.1644175158 15.7198349114 13.5095011876 14.4287323239 20.4329384233 13.4287492222 15.0582862637 12.3303781437 12.4191574899 14.0798094104 14.0830081589 14.5614035088 14.4856892888 16.3294117647 16.1518987342 5.703539823 16.7976190476 16.2921348315 16.0581395349 15.4375 17.1428571429 14.06 9.1111937523 9.1681735986 9.2651757188 10.2973100519 10.5715681485 13.4260869565 16.8764044944 16.9195402299 18.2195121951 13.0333333333 16.1022727273 13.25 9.5419354839 16.393258427 16.2967032967 13.6296296296 16.2403846154 16.0505050505 15.9117647059 16.6292134831 Al2O3/TiO2 TiO2 0.5692792518 0.632137031 0.6300172747 0.588474026 0.7659313725 0.9985734665 1.0629682122 1.0855683269 1.2404878557 0.9094624974 1.4101531023 1.3115436661 1.0360589132 0.9676105113 0.5672089041 0.9894530825 1.3122821407 1.2787723785 1.0556020067 1.1799102015 1.5219155844 1.1102139685 0.7003972402 1.0412371134 1.0643903467 1.0270868996 1.0003192508 1.621398327 0.5948779996 0.9617417037 0.9565398212 0.6338320865 0.9398884528 0.7000926593 0.675816178 0.841889117 0.7168458781 0.5925623212 0.6272764063 0.4871118328 0.5995325678 0.49405122 0.3873993271 0.5180820805 0.4552352049 0.4848484848 0.3726833199 0.3116204262 1.2518463395 1.3036583644 1.2377626221 1.2276620746 1.1363528691 1.1677502139 1.2549549002 1.32845561 1.4164218686 0.4716534325 0.5048247842 0.4716646428 0.4932994975 1.2785424932 0.4740632628 1.6749283211 0.7417669863 1.3877672359 1.68268226 0.3861678236 0.3327358204 0.5831050505 1.2485225885 0.8273964497 1.007458194 1.0184237462 1.3490358293 1.1571218466 0.7435344463 1.1715 1.2101 1.4837 1.4352 1.4806 1.1688 1.075 1.2817 1.3375 0.6501 0.9432 1.0841 0.954 1.103 0.9528 1.0111 1.3872 1.0503 1.0272 0.9508 1.0026 1.0175 1.2398 1.2786 1.2985 1.3316 1.2926 1.5685 1.3172 1.1626 1.3518 1.416 1.4082 0.7168 0.818 1.3067 1.3709 1.803 1.0324 1.358 0.6569 0.6856 0.4881 0.6438 0.5965 0.6701 0.7093 0.697 0.5385 0.5692 0.6562 0.5514 0.562 0.9597 0.4904 0.6773 0.7272 1.1608 0.7972 0.5118 0.4973 0.499 0.6514 1.1869 0.7007 0.6086 0.7259 0.7252 0.8504 1.105 0.64 1.1487 0.9754 1.4548 1.4305 0.9295 1.1247 1.2873 0.7224 0.6862 0.6188 0.7556 0.7811 0.7991 1.1453 0.8131 0.5056 0.6073 0.526 0.937 0.6233 1.271 1.2692 1.1008 0.8336 0.8462 0.9006 0.8448 0.134 0.9851 0.9174 0.8589 1.7625 1.264 0.6338 2.0829 1.0577 1.1723 1.0393 0.5022 0.5153 0.513 0.508 0.5135 1.4372 1.6136 1.3985 1.5877 1.5881 0.434 3.3319 0.2986 0.3061 1.0335 1.1517 1.0756 0.3798 0.4139 0.348 0.3715 0.3909 0.899 0.8629 0.413 0.3321 0.3178 0.4345 1.0441 1.7319 1.5489 0.4033 1.032 1.0292 1.0281 0.3437 0.4023 0.3025 1.116 0.9616 0.3191 0.8099 0.8184 0.8076 0.9359 0.5214 1.0158 0.5409 0.8029 0.5108 1.0677 1.0893 0.8238 1.0104 0.7991 0.6837 0.8035 0.8321 1.1054 1.1442 0.8395 0.8457 0.969 0.8001 0.85 0.79 2.26 0.84 0.89 0.86 0.96 0.84 1 1.6134 1.659 1.70585 1.58925 1.53525 1.15 0.89 0.87 0.82 1.2 0.88 1.08 1.55 0.89 0.91 1.08 1.04 0.99 1.02 0.89 image116.emf 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 0.00.51.01.52.02.53.03.54.04.55.05.56.06.57.07.58.08.59.09.5 % MgO % Basalt Basaltic andesite AndesiteDaciteRhyolite 278 samples image117.jpeg image118.jpeg image119.jpeg image120.jpeg image121.jpeg image122.png image123.jpeg image124.jpeg image125.jpeg image126.jpeg image127.jpeg image128.jpeg image129.jpeg image130.tiff image131.jpg image132.jpeg image133.jpg image134.jpg image135.tif image136.jpeg image137.jpeg image138.jpeg