THE EFFECT OF THE MANIPULATION OF CERTAIN LINGUISTIC VARIABLES 
ON LANGUAGE COMPREHENSION IN ALZHEIMER?S DISEASE
 Dilys Margaret Jones
 A dissertation submitted to the Faculty of Humanities, University of the Witwatersrand, 
Johannesburg, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts (Speech 
Pathology)
 Johannesburg, 2005
ABSTRACT
 Comprehension was assessed under various conditions in nine subjects with probable 
Alzheimer?s Disease.  Four linguistic variables were selected, namely syntactic 
complexity, the use of pronouns, directness and literality.  Each variable was assessed in 
sentences in a simple form and in a complex form.  Discourse passages which included 
all of the variables were then constructed, and these tasks were also administered in 
simple and complex forms.  All subjects performed qualitatively and quantitatively better 
under the simple conditions than under the complex for all four of the variables assessed. 
However, this effect was more marked in the sentence tasks than in the discourse tasks. 
Furthermore, individual subjects responded differently to the  manipulation of the 
variables.  Results of the study suggest that modifying the variables investigated can 
improve the comprehension of people with moderate to severe Alzheimer?s Disease. 
This has important implications for the training of caregivers and conversational partners, 
and suggests that this type of indirect intervention may be an effective way for speech 
therapists to provide clinical services to people with dementia in South Africa.  
ii
DECLARATION
 I declare that this dissertation is my own unaided work.  It is submitted for the degree of 
Master of Arts (Speech Pathology) in the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. 
It has not been submitted for any other degree or examination in any other university.
 __________________________________
 Dilys Margaret Jones
 31st day of October 2005
 iii
To my mother, May Jones, in loving memory.
 iv
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
 I wish to acknowledge my sincere thanks to the following people, without whom this 
project would never have been completed:
 My supervisor, mentor and friend, Professor Claire Penn, Chair of the Discipline of 
Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, University of the Witwatersrand, for her 
endless patience and belief in me, her vision and insight, and for first instilling in me the 
passion for communication impairment.
 My colleagues in the Discipline of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology, 
University of the Witwatersrand for all of their help, support and many hours of fruitful 
discussion, especially Heila Jordaan, Nola Watt, Gill Shaw-Ridley, Karen Levin and 
Janet Slotow-de Picciato.
 Mr Peter Fridjhon, School of Statistics and Actuarial Science, University of the 
Witwatersrand, for his advice on statistical procedures.
 My subjects and their families, for their participation in the study, and for sharing so 
many insights with me.
 Alzheimer?s and Related Disorders Association of South Africa and the matrons of the 
various frail care facilities who assisted me to locate  potential subjects.
 My husband, Bruce Armstrong, for all his love and support, both emotional and 
technical.  I would never have finished without him.
 v
CONTENTS
                                                                                                                                        Page
 CHAPTER 1      INTRODUCTORY PERSPECTIVE 1
 CHAPTER 2      COMMUNICATION IN ALZHEIMER?S DISEASE 6
 An overview of Alzheimer?s Disease 6
 Communication in Alzheimer?s Disease  10
 Intervention in Alzheimer?s Disease 15
 CHAPTER 3      MEMORY AND COMPREHENSION IN ALZHEIMER?S 19
                             DISEASE
 Models of normal memory 19
 Memory in Alzheimer?s Disease 22
 Models of normal language comprehension 25
 The relationship between memory and comprehension 27
 Memory and comprehension in normal aging 29
 Comprehension in Alzheimer?s Disease 30
 CHAPTER 4      METHODOLOGY 35
 Aims of the study 35
 Participant selection 36
 Participant description 37
 Procedure 39
 Sentence comprehension task 40
 Discourse comprehension task 45
 Data analysis 48
 CHAPTER 5      RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 50
 Results of GDS rating scale and ABCD 50
 Results of sentence comprehension tasks 53
 vi
Results of discourse comprehension tasks 64
 General discussion 69
 CHAPTER 6     CONCLUSIONS 74
 Limitations of the study 74
 Conclusions 74
 Implications for further research 77
 Clinical implications 78
 Concluding remarks 79
 APPENDICES
 Appendix A:  Modifications to the ABCD 81
 Appendix B:  Sentence comprehension tasks 82
 Appendix C:  Discourse comprehension tasks 86
 LIST OF REFERENCES 87
 vii
LIST OF TABLES
                                                                                                                                         Page
 Table 1:  Participant Description 38
 Table 2:  Examples of stimuli from each subtest of the sentence comprehension task 43
 Table 3:  Age, GDS rating and performance on the ABCD 50
 Table 4:  Mean construct scores 52
 Table 5:  Average improvement in score from complex to simple for each subtest 54
               (sentences)
 Table 6:  Average improvement in score from complex to simple for Syntax subtest 54
 Table 7:  Percentage of incorrect responses for each sentence type in Syntax subtest 56
 Table 8:  Average improvement in score from complex to simple for Pronouns 57
                subtest
 Table 9:  Average improvement in score from complex to simple for Directness 59
                subtest
 Table 10: Average improvement in score from complex to simple for Literality 60
                  subtest
 Table 11: Average improvement in score from complex to simple condition for each 64
                 subtest (discourse)
 Table 12: Average improvement in score from complex to simple for ?Farmer and 65
                 Sons? subtest
 Table 13:  Average improvement in score from complex to simple for ?Royal 66
                  Scandal? subtest
 viii
LIST OF FIGURES
                                                                                                                                         Page
 Figure 1:  Criteria for clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer?s Disease 7
 Figure 2:  Model of normal discourse comprehension 28
 Figure 3:  Results of Syntax subtest 55
 Figure 4:  Results of Pronouns subtest 57
 Figure 5:  Results of Directness subtest 60
 Figure 6:  Results of Literality subtest 61
 Figure 7:  Improvement from complex to simple for all variables and all participants 63
 Figure 8:  Results of ?Farmer and sons? subtest 65
 Figure 9:  Results of ?Royal Scandal? subtest 67
 Figure 10. Proposed model for the factors affecting language comprehension 77
 ix
CHAPTER ONE
 INTRODUCTORY PERSPECTIVE
 This study  investigated comprehension in Alzheimer's Disease (AD), with the specific focus on 
how it may be improved or facilitated by modifications made by the interlocutor.  Interlocutors 
usually  intuitively  change  the  style  and/or  content  of  their  language  when  conversing  with 
various types of population, as, for example, when speaking to a second-language speaker or in 
conversation  with  a  young  child.   When  confronted  with  a  conversational  partner  who has 
difficulty in understanding, it is thus natural for many speakers to attempt to simplify or modify 
their  language,  and,  indeed,  many  publications  geared  for  the  caregivers  of  dementing 
individuals (eg. Mace and Rabins, 1992; Rau, 1993) suggest that carers try to do so.  What is not 
clear is the extent to which this strategy is actually successful in enhancing comprehension on 
the part of the demented person, nor which aspects of modified communication play the greatest 
role.  
The purpose of this study was to address this question, with a view to training caregivers to 
manage the comprehension problems associated with AD as effectively as possible.  Despite the 
fact  that  there  is  universal  agreement  about  the  centrality  of  comprehension  to  successful 
communication, it remains a relatively underexplored domain in most areas of speech-language 
pathology. The study thus also aimed to provide some additional insights into the way people 
with AD understand, or fail to understand language, and to show the potential role of the speech 
therapist in this largely neglected group.
 As a practising clinician in daily contact with patients suffering from a range of neurogenic 
communication disorders, my conviction continues to grow that few things affect quality of life 
in a more pervasive and terrifying way than communication impairment.  It is my belief that 
1
communicatively impaired elderly people are among the most marginalised groups, particularly 
in developing, youth-oriented, "new" societies such as South Africa.  This is particularly so in 
the case of elderly people who also suffer severe cognitive impairments.  One of the reasons for 
this, particularly in institutional settings, may be that caregivers feel that their efforts are futile in 
working with patients who are unable to respond normally to conversation and whose condition 
deteriorates irrespective of their interventions.  As a result, as Maxim and Bryan (1994) point out 
"... levels of expectation are extremely low within the care sector.  Residents are frequently not 
given the opportunity to utilise the skills they have" (p224).  It thus seems clear that there is a 
two-fold  need  for  intervention  for  dementing  individuals:  to  establish  ways  of  enhancing 
communication, at however limited a level, and to equip caregivers with the skills to recognise 
and facilitate successful communication.
 In a survey conducted among speech-language therapists in South Africa, Mdlalo (1994) found 
that  although  almost  all  respondents  perceived  the  need  for  intervention  for  patients  with 
dementia, actual service provision to this population was very limited.  Likewise, Harris (1992) 
in a local study found that very few families of demented patients received consistent support or 
intervention from any type of professional.   Indeed, several current studies even question the 
ethics of intervention for patients with degenerative conditions in the face of vast numbers of 
under-serviced populations with more ?treatable? conditions.1 Eg. Cipolat, 2001, 28% of whose 
respondents, South African speech therapists, felt that it was unethical to provide speech therapy 
to patients with Parkinson?s Disease given the shortage of health care resources. With the current 
focus on primary health care in South Africa and the growing HIV/AIDS crisis, it is likely that 
this  problem will  continue.   The need  is  thus  clear  for  the  development  of  cost-  and  time-
 effective intervention procedures.    These must, however, be theory-driven, and demonstrably 
effective.  Clearly, in the South African context where even people with disorders with better 
1 This view is not in line with the policy of the South African Speech Language and Hearing Association that all 
patients have the right of access to treatment, nor with the National Health Plan for South Africa which states that 
?? every person has the right to optimal health care? (African National Congress, 1994, p7).
 2
prognosis  are  underserviced,  these  interventions  must  be  geared  towards  caregiver  training. 
Camp  (2001)  throws  out  the  challenge  to  researchers  that  two  transitions  are  required  in 
dementia research:  Firstly, the emphasis on efficacy (demonstrating that an intervention works 
under ?laboratory? conditions) needs to shift to an emphasis on effectiveness (demonstrating that 
the intervention works in real-life contexts as well), and secondly researchers need to embrace 
the attitude that ?? interventions are not truly effective unless they are disseminated? (p496) and 
implemented on a large scale.
 Camp  (2001)  suggests,  further,  that  effective  interventions  for  dementia  should  meet  the 
following criteria:
 - they should be sufficiently robust to be effective in a variety of settings
 - they should work across a range of levels of severity and types of dementia
 - they must be able to be delivered effectively by existing caregivers and professionals
 - they must fit within existing health care systems
 - they should be tied to reimbursement (Camp, 2001, p498)
 These criteria are of particular relevance and importance in the South African context.
 This study, then, attempts to begin to explore some of these issues.  The performance of nine 
subjects  is  investigated  across  a  range  of  comprehension  tasks,  in  which  various  linguistic 
variables are manipulated.  Group trends are highlighted, but the subjects are essentially treated 
as  single  cases,  since  the heterogeneity  of  the  sample,  and indeed  of  the  AD population in 
general, precludes large group studies.  Given the study's ultimate focus on intervention, it was 
attempted to make the research procedures as naturalistic as possible, although this obviously has 
negative implications for its replicability.
 3
Chapter two provides a review of the literature on communication in AD in general, together 
with a review of current intervention procedures for AD, while chapter three examines memory 
and comprehension in more detail.  The research methodology is described in chapter four and 
the  results  are  presented  and  discussed  in  chapter  five.   Chapter  six  contains  the  general 
discussion and conclusions, and implications of the study are discussed.   
Perhaps one of the greatest shortcomings of qualitative, descriptive research is its potential for 
bias, and this point must be raised now.  To some extent, negative perceptions of dementia, and 
indeed,  of  healthy  aging,  are  reinforced  by  the  literature  which  consistently  focuses  on 
identifying areas of deficit, rather than strength.  One of my biases is that all people are capable 
of  communicating  on  some  levels,  however  basic  that  may  be,  and  that  an  expectation  of 
communicative  success  on  the  part  of  the  interlocutor  is  more  likely  to  facilitate  it  in  the 
dementing  person.   This  was  borne  out  by  my  interactions  with  many  severely  demented 
individuals in the course of this research, even in those who were too severe to participate in the 
study.  
The study of people with dementing conditions, particularly those in the more advanced stages of 
the disease process, is fraught with methodological difficulties.  The personal challenge to the 
clinical researcher seeking to combine objectivity with empathy and to bridge the gap between 
theory and therapy is no less great.  This is aptly summed up in the words of Mary Jo Santo 
Pietro, a prolific researcher in the area:
 ".. it (AD) .. is like a deep, dark secret.  It got me thinking about the essence of 
life and personality and personhood.  When you're not what you know and what 
you remember, who are you?  It feels as though every day  I am dealing with the 
most profound questions, with the mystery of life itself."
 (cited in Goldberg, 1996, p31).
 Dementia care in South Africa presents unique challenges to clinicians.  Despite the dramatic 
changes which have ensued since the onset of democracy in 1994, there remains a dichotomy 
4
between the ?first world?, urban, mostly white population and the ?third world?, rural, mostly 
black  population.   Dementia  poses  interesting  challenges  for  both  groups:   Among affluent 
communities, emigration has taken a very high toll on the elderly, with many elderly people 
being institutionalised in South Africa while their adult children reside in other countries.  Rapid 
urbanisation and upward socioeconomic mobility have sadly brought with them an increase in 
this phenomenon in black communities as well.  Traditionally, institutional care for the elderly 
was non-existent in black communities, but this is changing rapidly.  While the elderly become 
increasingly  marginalized  in  affluent  sectors  of  the  community,  their  role  as  productive 
contributors appears to be increasing in poorer rural areas.  A recent newspaper article suggested 
that in two of the rural provinces (Mpumalanga and Eastern Cape) 70 to 80% of the elderly 
population were the sole breadwinners in their extended families because of the AIDS pandemic 
(Ntshingila, Gules and Pather, 2005).  Even if this figure is only partially correct, it suggests that 
massive health promotion efforts are required to help elderly people to fulfill this role.   Clearly, 
also,  however,  it  suggests  that  there  will  be  ever-increasing numbers of  elderly  people  with 
dementia who do not have family members to care for them.  Appropriate, efficient and effective 
training of caregivers for dementing individuals in this country is thus critical.
 5
CHAPTER TON
 CNI I DUYCATYNU YU ASVHEYI ER    Y EA E
 Th is  t u dt y is niTve g t da t uco imdot Tot
 pmrArlz'D(i' ) i,r w'lr , ifb iz.r iTArI' / Dl ix)b/ .' DzI' / iT))k/ 'Dz'kl() im'D-lk) z' / iDl, iozDz' )z' / DWi
 a DlMDWiRmoa id 1i922;3iD)iqiDiWk))ikwi' lzrWr/ zMDWiDf' W'z'r )ikwi)Mww'/ ' r lzi)r"r I'zbizki' lzrIwrIr i
 S 'z. i)k/ 'DWikIik/ /MODz'klDWiwMl/z'kl' l-q iDl, i ' ) i/ .DID/ zr I'Br , ifb i,r zr I' kIDz'kl i' l iAMWz'OWr i
 DIrD)ikwi/ k-l' z'kl iS .' / . iAM)zi' l/ WM,rifkz. i).kIz iDl, iWkl- izr IAiArAkIbiDl, iDziWrD)ziklr ikwi
 z.r iwkWkS ' l-4 ii'AOD'IAr lzikwiDf) zID/ ziz.' l:' l-Li'AOD'IAr lzikwiHM,-rArlzLikIi'AOD'IAr lzikwi
 .' -.r Ii/ kIz' / DWiwMl/z'kl) i' l/ WM,'l- iWDl-MD-r ?iimrArlz'DiADbifr iIr"r I)' fWrikIi' IIr "r I)' fWr1iDl, i
 ' ) i / WD))'w'r , i fb i )kAr iR?MAA'l-) iDl, iEr l) kl1 i92C03iD) iDwwr/ z' l- iAD' lWb i / kIz' / DWiRr- ?i
 TWB.r 'Ar I() i m')rD)r i Dl, i x' / :() i m')rD)r3i kI i )Mf/kIz' / DWi )zIM/zMIr) i Rr-? i xIk-Ir ))'"r i
 oMOIDlM/WrDIixDW)biDl, ixDI:' l) kl' )A3?i ia kIr i/ MIIrlz iDMz.kI) iRr-?is )'ADl' iDl, inIr r ,A Dl1i
 92283iDI-Mriz.Dziz.' ) i ,' )z' l/ z'kl i ' ) i/ klzIk"r I)'DWi)' l/ r iz.r Ir i ' ) iDi.' -. i ,r -Ir r ikwik"r IWDOi
 fr zS rr l ifr .D"' kMI)iwkIArIWbi/ kl) ' ,r Ir , izkifr ir 'z.r I iq/kIz' / DWqikIiq)Mf/kIz' / DWqi' l ikI' -' l?i
 TWz.kM-. i z.r Ir iDIr iADlb i / DM)r) i kwi ,r Ar lz'D1i ' l/ WM,'l- i ,r -r lr IDz'"r i ,' )rD)r ) i )M/. iD)i
 TWB.r 'Ar I() i ,' )rD)r iDl, i g Mlz' l-z kl() i ,' )rD)r1i r l,k/ I' lr i ArzDfkW'/ i ,' )rD)r ) i Dl, i zk%'/ i
 ,' )rD)r )iR?MAA'l-) iDl, iEr l) kl1i92C031iTWB.r 'Ar I()i,' )rD)r i' ) iz.r iAk)zi/ kAAkl iDrz'kWk-b i
 kwi' IIr"r I)' fWr i,r Ar lz'DiRErl) kl1i92CPLiEDbWr) iDl, i? D)Bl' D:1i92CVLia D%'A iDl, iEIbDl1i
 922;LiEDbWr)1iN??93?
 TWB.r 'Ar I() i,' )rD)r iS D) iw'I)zi,r )/ I' fr , ifb iTWk') iTWB.r 'ArIi' l i92?V1iS .r l i.r iIrOkIzr , iz.r i
 / D)r ikwiDi8PibrDIikW, iS kADl iS .k1iwkIiw'"r ibrDI)ifr wkIri.r Ii,r Dz.1iOIr)r lzr , iS 'z. iOIk-Ir))'"r 1i
 )r"r Ir iArAkIbiWk))1iOIk-Ir))'"r i,' )kI' r lzDz'kl1i,' ww'/MWzbiS 'z. i)Ok:r l iWDl-MD-r 1iIrD,' l- iDl, i
 S I'z' l-1 iDl, iDl i' lDf' W'zbizkiWrDIl ilr S i'lwkIADz'kl? i ixk)ziAkIzrA ir%DA'lDz'kl iIr"r DWr, iDl i
 DzIkO.' / ifID' l iS 'z. i/ .Dl-r ) i' l iz.r ilr MIkl)iz.Dzi.D"r ilkS i/ kAr izkifr i/ DWr , ilr MIkw'fI' WDIbi
 zDl-Wr)iRErl) kl1i92CP3?
 P
T/ / kI,' l- izki?MAA'l-) iDl, iEr l) kl iR92C03iDl, iEr l) kl iR92CP3iz.r Ir iS D)iwkIiADlb ibrDI)iiDi
 / klzIk"r I)biD) izkiS .r z.r Ii)r l' Wr iDl, iOIr)r l' Wr iwkIA) ikwiTWB.r 'ArI() i,' )rD)r iIrOIr)r lz iz.r i
 )DAr i/ W'l' / DWir lz'zbikIilkz?ig kS r"r I1i'zi.D)ilkS i/ kAr izkifr i-r lr IDWbiD/ / rOzr , iz.Dziz.r izr IAi
 IrwWr/ z)iz.r ir lz' Ir i)Or/ zIMAikwiOIk-Ir))'"r i,r -r lr IDz'"r i,r Ar lz'D1i)' l/ r iz.r i,' )rD)r iOIk/r ))i' )i
 ' ,r lz' / DWi' l ifkz. i)r l' Wr iDl, iOIr)r l' Wr iwkIA)iRaD%'AiDl, iEIbDl1i922;3?iinMIz.r IAkIr1i)' l/ r iDi
 ,r w'l' zr i,' D-lk) ' ) ikwiTWB.r 'ArI() i,' )rD)r i/ Dl ifr iAD,r iklWbiS 'z. i.' )zkODz.kWk-' / DWir"' ,r l/ r i
 wIkAiOk)ziAkIzrAiRa / ? .Dll1 imID/ .A Dl1inkW)zr ' l1i? DzBADl1ixI' / r iDl, iozD,WDl1i92C;31iz.r i
 zr IAimrAr lz'Dikwiz.r iTWB.r 'Ar I()izbOriRmT73ikIiOIkfDfWr iTWB.r 'ArIc)im')rD)r i.D)i/ kAr izki
 fr iM)r , iREDbWr)iDl, i? D)Bl' D:1i92CV3?iim'D-lk) ' )ikwiOIkfDfWr iTmi' )iAD,r ikl iz.r ifD)')ikwiz.r i
 / W'l' / DWi)' -l) i,r )/ I' fr , i' l iw'-MIri9ifr WkS 1i' l iz.r iDf) r l/ r ikwikz.r Ii)b)zrA' / 1ilr MIkWk-' / DWikIi
 O)b/ .' DzI' / i,' )kI,r I)iRa/ ? .Dllir ziDW1i92C;3?i
 n'-MIri94i?I' zr I'DiwkIi/ W'l' / DWi,' D-lk) ' )ikwiTWB.r 'Ar I()i,' )rD)r iRa/ ? .Dll irziDW1i92C;1iO2;?Li
 u' O'/ .iDl,ie 'kW1i922C3
 ?MAA'l-) iDl, iEr l) kl iR92C03i ,r )/ I' fr i z.r i / W'l' / DWiwrDzMIr) ikwimT7 iD) i fr ' l- i )zrD,' Wbi
 OIk-Ir))'"r i' lzrWr/ zMDWi,r zr I' kIDz'kl iS 'z.kMziOrI' k,) ikwiIrA'))'kl?ii7 .r i,' )rD)r iOIk/r )) i/ Dl i
 / kl"r l' r lzWbifr i,' "' ,r , i' lzkiz.Ir r i)zD-r )1iS 'z. i,' )zMIfDl/ r i' l iArAkIbiM)MDWbifr ' l- iz.r iw'I)zi
 lkz' / rDfWr i )bAOzkA?i imMI'l- i z.r iw'I)zi )zD-r i z.r Ir i ' ) i r "' ,r l/ r i kwiOkkIiHM,-rAr lz iDl, i
 ? I'zr I'DiwkIiz.r i/W'l' / DWi,' D-lk)' )ikwiOIkfDfWr iTWB.r 'ArI()i,' )r D)r i' l/ WM,r4
 Fi,r Ar lz'Dir )zDfW').r , ifb i/ W'l' / DWir%DA'lDz'kl iDl, i,k/ MArlzr , ifb iz.r i
 a' l' Far lzDWi 7r )z i kI i )kAr i )' A'WDI i r%DA'lDz'kl i Dl, i / klw'IAr , i fb i
 lr MIkO)b/.kWk-' / DW i zr)z)L
 F i ,r w'/ ' z) i ' l i zS k i kI i AkIr i DIrD) i kw i / k-l' z' klL
 Fi OIk-I r ))' "r i S kI)r l' l- i kwi ArAkIb i Dl, i kz.r I i / k-l' z' "r i wMl/z'kl)L
 F i lk i ,' )zMIfDl/ r i kw i / kl)/ 'kM)lr))L
 Fi kl)r z i fr zS rr l i D-r ) i ;?i Dl, i 2?1i Ak)z i kwzr l i DwzrI i D-r i P8L
 FiDf)r l/ r ikwi)b)zrA'/ i,' )kI,r I) ikI ikz.r I ifI D'l i,' )r D)r ) iz.Dzi' l iDl, ikwi
 z.r A)rW"r ) i / kMW, iD/ / kMlziwkI iz.r iOIk-I r ))' "r i ,r w' / ' z) i ' l iArAkIb iDl, i
 / k-l' z'kl?
 7.r i ,' D-lk)' ) i kw i OIkfDfWr i Tm i ' ) i )MOOkIzr , i fb4
 Fi OIk-I r ))' "r i ,r zr I'kIDz'kl i kwi )Or/ 'w' / i / k-l' z' "r i wMl/z'kl) i )M/. i D)i
 WDl-MD-r 1 i AkzkI i ):' W) i Dl, i OrI/ rOz'klL
 Fi 'AOD'Ir , iD/ z'"' z' r ) ikwi,D'WbiW'"' l- iDl, iDWzrIr , iODzzrIl) ikwifr .D"' kMIL
 Fi wDA'Wb i .' )zkIb i kwi )' A'WDI i ,' )kI,r I)1 i ODIz' /MWDIWb i 'wi / klw' IAr , i
 lr MIkODz.kWk-' / DWbL
 Fi WDfkIDzkIb i Ir)MWz) i kwi lkI ADWi WMAfDI i OMl/zMIr1i lkI ADWi ODzzrIl i kIi
 lkl)Or / 'w' / i/ .Dl-r ) i' l itt6 1ir"' ,r l/ r ikwi/ r Ir fI DWiDzIkO.bikl i? 7 iS 'z. i
 OIk-I r ))' kli ,k/ MArlzr ,i fbi )r I'DWikf)r I"Dz'kl?
 V
IrD)kl' l-1 i z.r iODz'r lz iADb i fr / kAr i / DIrWr)) iDziS kI: iDl, iADb i fr / kAr iWk)zi ' l iwDA'W'DIi
 )MIIkMl,'l-) ?iy kI, iw'l,' l- i,' ww'/MWz'r )iDIr i/ kAAkl iDziz.' )i)zD-r ?iidliz.r i)r / kl, i)zD-r 1iIr / r lzi
 Dl, iIrAkzr iArAkIbifr / kAr iAkIr i)r "r IrWbi'AOD'Ir ,1iz.r Ir iDIr iADI:r , iWDl-MD-r iOIkfWrA)i
 Dl, iDOID%'DiDl, iD-lk) 'D?i ixr I)klDW'zb i / .Dl-r ) i fr / kAr i r"' ,r lz?i idl iz.r iw'lDWi)zD-r 1iDWi
 ' lzrWr/ zMDWiwMl/z'kl) i .D"r i ,r zr I'kIDzr , i )r"r IrWb1iAkzkI i ,' )Df' W'z' r ) iDIr iDOODIr lz iDl, iz.r i
 ODz'r lzi')iAMzr iDl,i' l/ klz' lr lz?iigrWAFt)zDfIkk:) iRN??93iDOzWbi)MA)iMOiz.' )iOIk/r ))4
 ij T l iDlDWk-b iwkIiTmi')iz.Dzi'zi' )iz.r iIr"r I)r ikwiDixkWDIk' , i)lDO).kziz.Dzi)WkSWbi,r "r WkO)1iS 'z. i
 z.r i)MfHr / ziDOOrDI' l- iw'I)ziD)iDiwD'lzi).D,kS iDl, iz.r l ifr / kA' l- i' l/ IrD)' l-Wbi,' )z' l/ ziMlz'Wiz.r i
 O'/ zMIri' ) i/ WrDI?i idl i/ klzID)zizkiz.r ixkWDIk' , iOIk/r ))1iTmi/ DM)r) iDWiz.DziAD:r ) iM)iMl'GMr1i
 ' lzrW'-r lzi.MADl) izki)WkS WbiwD,r iDS Db1iWrD"' l-iklWbiz.r iO.b)' / DWirlz'zbJiRON;V3
 mrDz. iM)MDWbik/ / MI)ifr zS rr l i)'%iDl, izS rW"r ibrDI) iDwzrI ikl) rziD) iDiIr )MWzikwiD)O'IDz'kl i
 OlrMAkl' Di kI i 'lwr/ z'kl) ? i xr I)klDW'zb i Dl, i )k/ 'DWi fr .D"' kMIi DIr i wkMl,i zk i IrAD'l i
 ,' )OIkOkIz'klDzrWbi' lzD/ zi' l iz.r irDIWbi)zD-r )1i,r )O'zr i' lzrWr / zMDWi,r zr I' kIDz'kl?iimrOIr))'kl i' ) i
 / kAAkl irDIWbi' l iz.r i/ kMI)r ikwiz.r i'Wlr ))1ifMzi,' A' l' ).r ) iD) iz.r i ' lzrWr/ zMDWi'AOD'IAr lzi
 OIk-Ir))r )iR?MAA'l-) iDl,iEr l) kl1i92C03?
 EDbWr)iRN??93iDl,is )'ADl' iDl,in Ir r ,A DliR92283i,r)/ I' fr iz.r ilr MIkODz.kWk-' / DWi/ .Dl-r )iz.Dzi
 k/ /MIi' l iTm?ii7 .r )r iDIr iz.r i,r "r WkOArlzikwilr MIkw'fI' WDIbizDl-Wr)iR,r)/ I' fr , ifb i?MAA'l-) i
 Dl, iEr l) kl1i92C01iD)ilr MIkw'fI' W)iS .' / . iDIr i/ klzkIzr ,1iz.' / :r lr , iDl, i/ kl-WMz'lDzr,31ilr MI'z' / i
 OWDGMr)iRA'lMzr iDIrD)ikwiz'))Mri,r -r lr IDz'kl3iDl, i-IDlMWk"D/MkWDIi,r -r lr IDz'kl iRz.r iOIr)r l/ r i
 kwiwWM',i w'Wr,i )OD/ r)iDl,i -IDlMWDIi,r fI' )3?iih rMI'z' / iOWDGMr)iDIr iS ' ,r WbiD-Ir r ,i zki/ kl) ' )zikwiDl i
 D/ /MAMWDz'kli kwiDiOIkzr ' li :lkS li D)ifr zDiDAbWk',i RDl,i Ak)zi/ MIIrlziO.DIAD/ kWk-' / DWiIr )rDI/ . i
 ' ) iwk/M)r , ikl iz.' ) i )kF/DWr, i j DAbWk', i / D)/ D,r i.bOkz.r )' )J iD) i .D"' l- iOkzr lz'DWiwkIi,IM-i
 ' lzr I"r lz'kl3iRorW:kr 1iN??9Livrr irziDW1iN??;3?iivr r ir ziDWiRN??;31i.kS r"r I1iDI-Mriz.Dzi'zi' )ifbi lk i
 ArDl) i/ WrDIiS .r z.r Iiz.r iD/ / MAMWDz'kli kwifr zDiDAbWk',i ' )iz.r i/ DM)r ikIiz.r irwwr/ zikwiz.r i,' )rD)r i
 OIk/r ))1iDl,i )M--r)ziz.Dzifr zDiDAbWk' ,i A'-.z ir"r li OWDbiDiOIkzr / z'"r iIkWri' li z.r i,' )rD)r ,i fID' l?i
 dl iD,,' z'kl1i' l iz.r ifID' l) ikwiTmi)MwwrIr I) iz.r Ir i' ) i/ kIz' / DWiDzIkO.biDl, iz.r i"kWMAr ikwiS .' zr i
 ADzzrI i' ) i,r / IrD)r ,? i i7 .' ) i ' ) ir "' ,r lz i' l iz.r iS ' ,r lr , i)MW/ ' iDl, iz.r i,' WDz'kl ikwiz.r iWDzrIDWi
 C
"r lzI' /Wr)?iidli-r lr IDW1iAr ,' DWizrAOkIDWi)zIM/zMIr)ikwiz.r ifID' l izr l, izkifr i'AOW'/Dzr , irDIWbikl i
 ' l iz.r i,' )rD)r iOIk/r ))iS 'z. iIrWDz'"r Wbi-Ir DzrIi' l"kW"r Arlzikwiz.r izrAOkIDWFODI'rzDWiD))k/ 'Dz'kl i
 DIrD)iz.Dliz.r iwIklzDWiRgr l,r I)kl1i922P3?
 h rMIk/.r A' / DWi,r w'/ ' r l/ ' r ) i iDIr iS rWi,k/ MArlzr , i' l iTm?i i?MAA'l-) iDl, iEr l) kl iR92C03i
 / kAArlziz.DziD/ rzbW/ .kW'lr 1i/ .kW'lr iD/ rzbWzIDl) wrID)r iDl, iD/ rzbW/ .kW'lr )zr ID)r i.D"r iDWifr r l i
 ).kS l izkifr i,r / IrD)r , i' l iTm?iiT / / kI,' l- izkis )'ADl' iDl, inIr r ,A Dl iR922831iz.r i/ .kW' lr I-' / i
 )b)zrAikwiz.r ilM/WrM)ifD)DW')ikwia rblr Izi' )izbO'/ DWbi)r"r IrWbiDwwr/ zr , i' l iTm?iio' l/ r iz.' )i.D) i
 Di "r Ib i / kAOW'/Dzr , i lr zS kI: i kwiwr ,FwkISDI, iDl, iwr ,FfD/ :S DI, iODz.S Db) iDl, i / kIz' / DWi
 OIkHr/ z' kl) 1i'zi' ) iwrWziz.Dziz.' ) iADbiOWDbiDl i'AOkIzDlziIkWr i' l i,r Ar lz'D)i-r lr IDWbiDl, i' l iTmi
 )Or/ 'w'/ DWb?ii
 TWz.kM-. iz.r ilr MIkODz.kWk-b ikwiTmi' )iS rWi:lkS l1ilk i)' l-Wr iDrz'kWk-' / DWiwD/ zkIi.D)1iD)ibrz1i
 fr r l i' ,r lz'w'r , iRo/ .r ' fr WiDl, iy r / .) WrI1i92CPLiEDbWr)1iN??93?iig kS r"r I1i"DI'kM)i/ DM)r)i.D"r i
 fr r l i.bOkz.r )' )r ,1i' l/ WM,'l- i 'lwr/ z'kM)iD-r lz)1izk%'/ i)Mf)zDl/ r ) iDl, i-r lr z' / izIDl) A'))'kl i
 REDbWr) iDl, i? D)Bl' D:1i92CV3?i i7 .r iw'l,' l- iz.DzimkS l() iobl,IkA r iODz'r lz) iS .k iW'"r iWkl- i
 rlkM-. i,r "r WkOiTWB.r 'ArI izbOrilr MIkODz.kWk-' / DWi/ .Dl-r ) i.D) iWr lz i)kAr i)MOOkIzi k iz.r i
 -r lr z' / iz.r kIbiR?DI"' : iDl, ia Dz)MbDAD1i92CP1i/ 'zr , ifb io/ .r ' fr WiDl, iy r / .) WrI1i92CP31iDl, i
 DflkIA DW'z'r ) ikwi/ .IkA k)kAr)i91i9; iDl, iN9i.D"r ifr r l iW' l:r , izkirDIWb5kl) rziTm?ii7 .r iWDzrF
 kl) rziwDA'W'DWiwkIAikwiTmi.D)ifr r l iW'l:r , iS 'z. iDi-r lr ikl i/ .IkA k)kAr i9?iREDbWr)1iN??93?i
 orW:kr iRN??93i)MA)iMOiz.r i/ MIIrlziz.' l:' l- ifb i)Db' l- iz.Dzij J iz.' )iAMWz'/ rWMWDIi,b) wMl/z'kl i
 R'l iTm3iDOOrDI)izkiIrOIr)r lziDi/ kAAkl i/ bzkODz.kWk-' / DWiIr )Okl)r izki)r"r IDWi,' )z' l/ zi-r lr z' / i
 ,r wr/ z)iDl, iOrI.DO)iDW)kizki/ r IzD'l ir l"' IklA r lzDWiOIr/ 'O'zDlz)iz.DziIrAD'l iOkkIWbiMl,r I)zkk,J i
 ROV83?ii
 y .' Wr i,IM-) i)M/. iD)i7D/ I' l1iDl, iAkIr iIr / r lzWb1iTI' / rOziDIr iS ' ,r WbiM)r , izkiDzzrAOzizki)WkS i
 ,kS l iz.r i IDzr ikwiArAkIb iWk)) iR6DMz.' r I1i922231iDl, ilMArIkM)ikz.r I i,IM- iDl, i)MI-'/ DWi
 ' lzrI"r lz'kl) iDIr ifr ' l- i' l"r )z' -Dzr ,1iz.r Ir i' ) izki,Dzr ilk i/ MIriwkIiTm?iidzi.D)ifr r l ir )z'ADzr , i
 z.Dzi9?10K ikwi' l,' "' ,MDW)ik"r Iiz.r iD-r ikwiP81iDl, i;V1NK iikwi' l,' "' ,MDW)ik"r Iiz.r iD-r ikwiC8i
 2
S 'Wifr iDwwr/ zr , ifb iTmiR7kAkr ,DiDl, iEDbWr)1i922?3?i ixrkOWr ik"r IiC?ibrDI) ikwiD-r ilkS i
 / kl) z'zMzr iz.r iwD)zr)zi-IkS ' l- i)r / zkIikwiz.r iOkOMWDz'kl ikwi,r "r WkOr, i/ kMlzI' r ) i)M/. iD) iz.r i
 L l' zr , iozDzr)iRo.MD'f iDl, iEkbWr1i922P3iDl, i' zi.D)ifr r l ir )z'ADzr , iz.Dziz.r i/ k)zikwiTmi' l iz.r i
 L l' zr , iozDzr)1i' l/ WM,'l- ifkz. i,' Ir / zi/ k)z)i)M/. iD)iAr ,' / DWi/DIr1iDl, i' l,' Ir / zi/ k)z)i)M/. iD)iWk))i
 kwiOIk,M/z'"' zbikwi/ DIr -' "r I)1iDAkMlz)izkiL ?o?M9??if' W'kl iDllMDWbiR6kW,fr I-1i922P3?iidzi' )i
 z.M)ilkz i)MIOI') l- iz.DziTmiS D) i,r )/ I' fr , ifb ih rS )S rr : iAD-DB' lr iD) iqz.r i,' )rD)r ikwiz.r i
 RN?z. 3i/r lzMIbqiRErl) kl1i92CP3?ii
 vk/ DWi)zDz')z' / )iDl, irO',r A'kWk-' / DWi,DzDiDIr iW'A'zr ,?iivkMSiR92283ir )z'ADzr , iz.Dziz.r Ir iS r Ir i
 DOOIk%'ADzrWbi91ViA'W'kl iokMz. iTwI'/ Dl) ik"r I iz.r iD-r ikwiP81ikwiS .kA iDOOIk%'ADzrWbi9i
 A'W'kl iS r Ir iIMIDWifWD/ : iOrkOWr iS .kA ivkMSi,r )/ I' fr , iD)iq???iDAkl- iz.r iAk)ziADI-' lDW')r , i
 Dl, i"MWlr IDfWri)r / zkI)ikwikMIiOkOMWDz'klq iRO9883?iiur )MWz)ikwiz.r iiAk)ziIr / r lzi/ r l) M)i' l,' / Dzr i
 z.Dziz.r Ir iDIr iDOOIk%'ADzrWbi0iA'W'kl iOrkOWr ik"r Iiz.r iD-r ikwiP?iRV10K ikwiz.r iOkOMWDz'kl31i
 S 'z. i01NK ikwiz.r iOkOMWDz'kl ifr ' l- ik"r Iiz.r iD-r ikwiV?iRozDz')z' / )iokMz. iTwI'/ D1iN??03?iiT)iWkl- i
 D-k iD)i922V1i? ' l) rWDiDl, inr IIr ' IDi,r )/ I' fr , iz.r i-IkS z. iIDzr ikwiz.r ik"r IiP?ibrDIikW, i-IkMOiD)i
 r%/r r ,' l- iz.r i-IkS z. iIDzr ikwiz.r izkzDWiOkOMWDz'kl iR?' l) rWDiDl, inr IIr ' ID1i922V3iDl, iz.' )izIr l, i
 ' )iW':r Wbizki/ klz'lMri' l iz.r iwkIr)r rDfWr iwMzMIr?iidzi' ) iz.M)iW' :r Wbiz.Dziz.r i' l/ ' ,r l/ r ikwiTmiS 'Wi
 / klz'lMrizki' l/ IrD)r i' l iz.' ) i/ kMlzIb1iODIz' /MWDIWbiS 'z. i'AOIk"r, i,r zr / z'kl iDl, iOIr"r lz'kl ikwi
 kz.r IiD-r FIrWDzr ,i,' )rD)r )?ii
 ?s a a L h d?T 7ds h idhiTm
 TWz.kM-. iWDl-MD-r i,' )zMIfDl/ r )iS r Ir iIrOkIzr , ifb iTWB.r 'ArIi' l i.' )ikI' -' lDWi,r )/ I'Oz'kl ikwi.' )i
 ODz'r lziRErl) kl1i92CP31i'zi' )iklWbi' l iz.r iWD)ziz.Ir r i,r / D,r )iz.Dziz.r iWDl-MD-r ikwiODz'r lz)iS 'z. i
 Tmi.D)iIr / r ' "r , i)b)zrADz'/ iDzzr lz'kl?ii7 .r imoa id i/ I'zr I'DiwkIi,r Ar lz'Di' l/ WM,riWDl-MD-r i
 ,' )zMIfDl/ r i klWb iD) iDiOk))' fWr i / kl) rGMrl/ r1ifMziD/ / kI,' l- i zk i g r l,r I)kl i R922P3iAk)zi
 DMz.kI' z' r )iS .k i.D"r iS I'zzr l ikl iz.r i)MfHr / zikwiTmiD-Ir r iz.DziODz'r lz)iS 'z. iz.' )i)bl,IkA r iS 'Wi
 ,r Akl) zIDzr i)kAri,r -Ir r ikwiWDl-MD-r i'AOD'IAr lzi,MI'l- iz.r i/ kMI)r ikwiz.r i,' )rD)r?iiT)ia 'WrIi
 R92C23i)zDzr) iqz.r iGMr)z'kl ikwi' lzr Ir )zi' ) iz.r IrwkIrilkz iS .r z.r IiWDl-MD-r i'AOD'IAr lz) ir%')z1i
 9?
)' l/ r iz.r i r "' ,r l/ r i ' ) ik"r IS .r WA'l-Wb i ' l iwD"kMIikwiz.' ) iD))MAOz'kl1ifMziz.r ' I i lDzMIrikIi
 / .DID/ zr I' )z' / )qiROV83?
 P        
TMz.kI) i' l iz.r iDIrDikwiTmiRr-?iTOOrW1i? r Izr )BiDl, in' )ADl1i92CNLiEDbWr)iDl, iEkklr 1i92CNLi
 EDbWr)1i92C8iDl, i ? rAOWrI1i 92283iD-Ir r i z.Dzi :lkS Wr,-r ikwi O.klkWk-' / DWiIMWr) i ' ) i S rWi
 OIr)r I"r , i' l iz.r irDIWbiDl, iA' ,,Wr i)zD-r ) ikwiz.r i,' )rD)r iOIk/r ))1iDl, ikwzr l ir"r l i' l i)r "r IrWbi
 ,r Ar lzr , i' l,' "' ,MDW)1iS 'z. iODz' r lz)ifr ' l- iDfWr izki/ kIIr / ziO.klkWk-' / DWirIIkI)i' l iDl iMzrIDl/ r i
 r "r liS .r liz.r biDIriMlDfWrizki/ kAOIr.r l,iz .r iMzr IDl/ r ()iArDl' l-?
 I                     
a k)ziIr )rDI/ .r I)iD-Ir r iz.Dziz.r )r iD)Or/ z)iDIr iIrWDz'"r WbiS rWiOIr)rI"r , i' l iTmiREDbWr)1i92C8Li
 o/ .S DIzB1ia DI' l iDl, ioDwwIDl1i92V2Lia MI,k/.1i?.r lr Ib1iy 'W:) iDl, iEkbWr1i92CVLiTOOrW1i
 ? r Izr )BiDl, in' )ADl1i92CNLi? rAOWrI1i9228Lig kOOrI1iEDbWr) iDl, i? 'A1iN??93?i ig kS r"r I1i
 o/ .S DIzBirziDWiR92V23iOk'lz ikMziz.Dziz.r i-Ir Dzr Iiz.r irwwr/ ziz.Dzi)blzD%i.D) ikl iArDl' l-1 iz.r i
 AkIr iW' :r Wbi'zi')izkifr i'AOD'Ir ,?ii
 EDbWr) iR92C83iDl, ig kOOrI i rziDWiRN??93i .D"r i.bOkz.r )' )r , iz.Dziz.r iOIr)r I"Dz'kl ikwiz.r i
 O.klkWk-' / DW1iAkIO.kWk-' / DWiDl, i)blzD/ z' / i)b)zrA)i' )iDzzI'fMzDfWr izkiz.r iwD/ ziz.Dziz.r iIMWr)ikwi
 z.r )r i)b)zrA)iDIr iDOOW'r , iDMzkADz'/ DWb?iinMIz.r IAkIr1io/ .S DIzBirziDWiR92V23iDI-Mriz.Dziz.r )r i
 )b)zrA)iDIr iAkIr iWk/DW')r , izkiDiODIz' /MWDIiDIrDikwiz.r iWrwzi.r A')O.r Ir1iDl, i/ Dl iz.M)ifr / kAr i
 qwMl/z'klDWbi')kWDzr , iwIkAi/ k-l' z'klq iRO0?931i' l i/ klzID)zizkiz.r i)rADlz' / i)b)zrA1iS .' / . i' ) i
 ,r Orl,r lzikli/ k-l' z' kl1iDl,iz .M)iAkIri"MWlr IDfWrizki,' wwM)r ilr MIklDWi,DAD-r ?iigkS r"r I1i'zi') i
 -r lr IDWbiD-Ir r , iz.Dzi)blzD/ z' / i / kAOIr.r l) 'kl i ' ) i 'AOD'Ir , i ' l iTm1iDl, iz.' ) i ,' ))k/ 'Dz'kl i
 fr zS rr l iIr / rOz'"r iDl, ir%OIr))' "r i)blzD%iAD:r ) ir"DWMDz'kl ikwi)blzD/ z' / i/ kAOrzr l/ r iAkIr i
 ,' ww'/MWz?ii7 .r iMl,r IWb'l- iAr / .Dl' )AiwkIiz.r i)blzD/ z' / i/ kAOIr.r l) 'kl i,r w'/ 'zi' )i/ klzIk"r I)'DW1i
 Dl,iz .' )i')i,' )/M)r ,i' liA kIr i,r zD'Wi'li/ .DOzr Iiz.Ir r?
 99
  !   " # $
 dzi' ) iS ' ,r WbiD-Ir r , iz.Dzi'zi' ) iz.r i)rADlz' / i)b)zrA iS .' / . i' ) iAk)zi"MWlr IDfWr izki,r Ar lz' l- i
 / kl,' z' kl) ?i7 .' )i' )ifkIlr ikMzifb iz.r iwIrGMrlziIrOkIz)ikwi'AOD'IAr lz)i' l i/ klwIklzDz'kl ilDA'l-1 i
 "r IfDWiwWMrl/ biDl, i)r lzr l/ r i,' )DAf' -MDz'kl izD):) 1iDl, iz.r iqrAOz'lr ))qikwi,' )/ kMI)r iREDbWr)1i
 92CNLiiEDbWr)1i92C8Lio/ .S DIzBirziDW1i92V2LiTOOrWirziDW1i92CNLia MI,k/. irziDW1i92CVLiig kOOrIi
 r ziDW1iN??93?iiT / / kI,' l- izkia 'WrIiR92C23iDl, ig DIziDl, iorAOWriR922?3iz.r Ir i' )i)kAri,' )OMzr i' l i
 z.r iW'zr IDzMIri/ kl/ r Il' l- iz.r iMl,r IWb' l- i/ DM)r ikwiz.r ilDA'l- i,r w'/ 'zi' l i,r Ar lz'D1iS 'z. i)kAr i
 DMz.kI) i.bOkz.r )' )' l- iDiOrI/ rOzMDWi,r w'/ 'z?iiEDbWr)iDl, i7kAkr ,D()iR92C03iw'l,' l-) i/ klzID,' / zi
 z.' ) i/WD'A1i.kS r"r I1iw'l,' l- iz.DziAkIr ir IIkI) iS r Ir i)rADlz' / DWbiIrWDzr , izkiz.r izDI-r z) iz.Dl i
 "' )MDWb?iv ' :r S ')r1iz.r iDlkA 'Di' l i)OklzDlr kM)i)Orr / . iS .' / . i' )iz.r irDIW'r )ziWDl-MD-r i)bAOzkAi
 kwiiTmiR?rAOWrI1i92283i/ Dllkz ifr iD/ / kMlzr , iwkIifb i"' )MDWiOrI/ rOzMDWi,' ww'/MWz'r )?ii7 .' )i"' rS i
 ' )iwMIz.r Ii)MOOkIzr , ifb iz.r iw'l,' l-) ikwi6 Ik))ADl1ia ' / :Dl' l1iukf' l) kl iDl, im(t )Ok)'zkiR922P3i
 Dl,ih rfr )iDl,ig DW'-DliR922P3iDAkl-ikz .r I)?iigkS r"r I1i)' l/ r i"' )MDWiOrI/ rOzMDWi,' )kI,r I)iDIr i
 ,k/ MArlzr , i zk i k/ / MIi ' l i TmiRgDIziDl, i orAOWr1i922?3i 'zi )r rA) iW':r Wb i z.DziOrI/ rOzMDWi
 ,' ww'/MWz'r ) i / klzI'fMzr izk i 'AOD'Ir , iO'/ zMIri lDA'l-? i ig kS r"r I1iz.r Ir i ' ) iDl iDfMl,Dl/ r ikwi
 W'zr IDzMIriS .' / .i) M--r)z)iz.Dziz.r iOI'ADIbiOIkfWrAiW'r )i'liz.r i)rADlz' / i)b)zrAi'z)rWw?iiii
 a kIr i/ MIIrlziIr )rDI/ . i.D)ifr r l i,' Ir / zr , izkS DI,) iD,,Ir ))' l- iz.r i' ))MrikwiS .r z.r Iiz.r i/ r lzIDWi
 ,r w'/ 'zi 'l"kW"r ) i 'AOD'Ir , iWr%'/ DWiD/ / r )) i kI i ,r zr I'kIDz'kl i kwi z.r iWr%'/ DWi IrOIr)r lzDz'kl) i
 z.r A)rW"r )?ii7ki,Dzr iz.' ) i.D)ilkzifr r l iIr )kW"r ,1iS 'z. iw'l,' l-) i' l i)MOOkIzikwifkz. iDI-MArlz)i
 Rr-? i EDbWr) i Dl, i 7kAkr ,D1i 92C0Li ? rAOWrI1i 92CCLi h rfr )1i 92C8Li ?.r Iz:kS 1i EMfi Dl, i
 or ' ,r lfr I-1i92C2Lia DI-kW'l1ixDzr iDl, inI' r ,I' / .1i922PLih r fr )iDl, ig DW'-Dl1i922P3?ii? rAOWrIi
 R92283i/ kl/ WM,r)iz.Dziqlk i)' l-Wr ir%OWDlDz'kl i/ Dl iD/ / kMlziwkIiz.r ilDA'l- iOrIwkIADl/ r ikwiDlb i
 -IkMOikwimT7 iODz'r lz)?i i ' )MDWiOrI/ rOz'kl1iDzzr lz'kl1iWr%'/ DWiD/ / r )) iDl, i,r zr I' kIDz'kl ikwi
 Wr%'/ DWiIrOIr)r lzDz'kl) iDWiOWDbiDiIkWri'liDlkA 'DikwimT7qiRO9?N3?
  " $ #  %  $       P   !  " # $
 nIkAAiDl, ig kWDl, iR92C23iDl, i? rAOWrIiR92283i)zDzr iz.DziOID-A Dz'/ )i' )iz.r iDIrDikwiWDl-MD-r i
 S .' / . i.D)iIr / r ' "r , iWrD)ziDzzr lz'kl i' l iz.r iTmiOkOMWDz'kl1iS 'z. iAM/. ikwiS .Dzi' )iz.kM-.z ifr ' l- i
 9N
fD)r , ikl iDlr / ,kzDWir"' ,r l/ r?ii7 .r )r irDIWbiDlr / ,kzDWiIrOkIz)iRr-?iEDbWr)1i92C;3i)M--r)zr , iz.Dzi
 TmiODz'r lz) i OIr)r lzr , i S 'z. iADI:r , i 'AOD'IAr lz i ' l i zkO'/ iAD'lzr lDl/ r iDl, i zMIlFzD:' l-1 i
 ,r Akl) zIDzr , i' l) r l) 'z'"' zbizkiz.r i/ kAAMl'/ Dz'"r ilr r ,) iDl, ir%OrI' r l/ r ikwiz.r ' Ii' lzr IWk/MzkI)1i
 Dl, iS r Ir iMlDfWr izkiIrOD'Ii/ kAAMl'/ Dz'kl ifIr D:,kS l) ?ii7 .r i,' )/ kMI)r ikwiTmiODz'r lz) iSD)i
 z.M)i,r )/ I' fr , iD) i"r Ifk) r1izDl-r lz'DW1i' l/ k.r Ir lz iDl, irAOzb?i ig kS r"r I1i' l iD,,' z'kl izkiz.r i
 Dlr / ,kzDWilDzMIrikwiz.' ) iS kI:1is IDl-r iDl, ixMI"r) iR922P3iOk'lz ikMziz.DziAM/. ikwiz.r irDIW'r Ii
 Ir )rDI/ .i' lzkiTmiSD)ifD)r ,ikli) MfHr/ zi)rWr/ z'kli/ I'zr I'Diz.DziS r Ir ilkzi)Mww'/ ' r lzWbiI'-kIkM)?ii
 dl iAkIr iIr / r lz ibrDI)1i)kAr iD)Or/ z) ikwi,' )/ kMI)r iDl, iOID-A Dz' / ) i.D"r ifr r l i' l"r )z' -Dzr , i' l i
 AkIr i,r zD'W?iig kOOrI1iEDbWr)iDl, i? 'AiRN??93ii)M--r)ziz.Dzij ' l,' "' ,MDW)i' l iz.r iA' ,,Wr i)zD-r ) i
 kwiTmiIrAD' l iDfWr izki/ klzI'fMzr iArDl' l-wMWbizkiDi/ kl"r I)Dz'klJ iRONPC3i,r )O'zr i,' ww'/MWzbi
 S 'z. i zkO'/ i AD'lzr lDl/ r1i ,r / IrD)' l- i IrWr"Dl/ r i kwi MzrIDl/ r ) i Dl, i ,r / IrD)' l- i / klzr lz?i
 v ' :r S ')r1i?Dll' zk1ig DbD).' iDl, i L WDzkS ):DiR92CC3iwkMl,i ,' )/ kMI)r i )MOrI)zIM/zMIrizk i fr i
 r ))r lz'DWb iOIr)r I"r , i ' l iODz'r lz) i S 'z. i Tm?i im')/ kMI)r i S D)1i .kS r"r I1i / .DID/ zr I' )r , i fb i
 ' l/ IrD)r ,i ' IIrWr"Dl/ b1i' lD/ / MID/ biDl,i k"r IrWDfkIDz'kl1iDziWrD)ziODIzikwiS .' / .i z.r biDzzI'fMzr ,i zki
 ,' ww'/MWzbiS 'z. iIrwrIr l/ r?iiv ' :r S ')r iu' O'/ . iDl, i7r IIrWiR92CC3i)M--r)ziz.Dzi/ kl"r I)Dz'kl iADbi
 fr iOrI/ r '"r , iD) ifr ' l- iq'l/ k.r Ir lzqi ifr / DM)r iTmi)MfHr/ z) ikA'zi/ IM/'DWiO'r / r ) ikwi,' )/ kMI)r i
 W'l:' l-iIr WDzr ,i' ,r D)?ii
 i
 dliDiWkl-' zM,'lDWi)zM,bikwi,' )/ kMI)r iOIk,M/z'kl i' l iTm1i/ kl) ' )z' l- ikwi' l,r Oz. i/ D)r i)zM,'r )ikwi0i
 )MfHr / z)ik"r IiDiw'"r ibrDIiOrI'k,1i7kAkr ,DiDl, iEDbWr)iR92203iwkMl,iDiOIk-Ir))'"r i,r / IrD)r i' l i
 z.r iDAkMlzikwi'lwkIADz'kl iOIk"',r ,? i i7 .r biDW)kilkzr , iDl i' l' z'DWi' l/ IrD)r i' l iz.r ilMAfr Iikwi
 S kI,) iM)r ,1iwkWkS r , ifb iDi,r / IrD)r1iS .' / . iz.r biM)r izkiD/ / kMlziwkIiz.r i,' wwrI l/ r )i' l iw'l,' l-) i
 kwi "DI'kM)i Ir )rDI/ .r I) iRr-? i h ' / .kWD)1i s fWrI1iTWfr IziDl, i g rWAFt)zDfIkk:) 1i 92C8Li g 'r I1i
 g D-r lWk/ :r IiDl, io/ .' l,WrI1i92C83iS 'z. iIr -DI, izkilMAfr IikwiS kI,) ?i i7 .r bi/ kl/ WM,r, iz.Dzi
 "r Ifk) 'zbiDl, iIr,M/r , ikMzOMziDIr i,r Orl,r lzikl iz.r i)r "r I'zbikwiz.r i,' )rD)r?iTWz.kM-. iwWMrl/ bi
 ' l iz.r ' Ii)MfHr/ z) iIrAD' lr , iIrWDz'"r Wbi' lzD/ z1iz.r ilMAfr Iikwi'lwkIADz'kl iMl'z) iM)r , ik"r Iiz'Ar i
 S D)iwkMl,izkifr iDi"r Ibirww'/ r lziArD)MIrikwiz.r iIDzrikwiz.r i)MfHr / z)(i,r zr I' kIDz'kl?
 90
u' O'/ .1i r Izr )1iy .' zr.kM)r1inMWzkl iDl, it :r WADl iR92293i)MAADI' )r , iz.r ' IiIr )rDI/ . iw'l,' l-) i
 D)iwkWkS )4iiTmi)MfHr/ z)iRDl, iz.r ' Ii/ kl"r I)Dz'klDWiODIzlr I)3i).kS r , i,' wwrI l/ r )i' l iS kI, iM)r1i
 zMIlizD:' l-1 ilkl"r IfDWiIr )Okl)r1i' lzrW'-' f' W'zbiDl, iz.r iM)r ikwi)Orr / . iD/ z)?iig kS r"r I1iz.r ifD)' / i
 )zIM/zMIrikwiz.r i/ kl"r I)Dz'klDWi,' )/ kMI)r iS D) iAD'lzD'lr ,? i is IDl-r iDl, ixMI"r) iR922P3iDl, i
 ? rAOWrIiR92283i/ kl/ MIiS 'z. iz.r A iz.Dzi)kAr izkO'/ iAD'lzr lDl/ r1izMIlFzD:' l-1 iAD:' l- iDl, i
 Ml,r I)zDl,' l- ikwiOIkOk)'z' kl) iDl, i-Ir rz' l- iDl, iOIk"',' l- iz.r ' I ikS l ilDAr) iDIr iIrWDz'"r Wbi
 OIr)r I"r ,1ir"r li' liz.r iWDzrIi)zD-r )ikwiz.r i,' )rD)r?i
 T / / kI,' l- izk i? rAOWrI iR92283iz.r iMl,r IWb'l- i / DM)r) ikwiz.r i 'AOD'Ir , i ,' )/ kMI)r iRDl, iz.r i
 ,' ))k/ 'Dz'kl ikwiIrWDz'"r WbiOIr)r I"r , iDIrD)3i' l iTmiIrAD' l iMl/WrDI?iis lr iOk))' f' W'zbi' )iz.Dziz.r bi
 DIr i)r / kl,D IbizkiDzzr lz'kl iDl, iArAkIbiOIkfWrA)1iS 'z. is IDl-r iDl, ixMI"r) iR922P3iOk'lz' l- i
 kMziz.DziAM/. iIr / r lziIr )rDI/ . i' )ifD)r , ikl iz.r iD))MAOz'kl iz.Dziz.r iODz' r lz()i/ k-l' z'"r i)zDzM)i' )i
 z.r i :r b iwrDzMIriMl,r IWb'l- i / kl"r I)Dz'klDWi,' )/ kMI)r ifkz. iDziA' / IkFiDl, iAD/ IkF)zIM/zMIDWi
 Wr"r W)?iis z.r I)iDI-Mriz.DziTmi)rWr/ z'"r WbiDwwr/ z)i)Or/ 'w'/ iD)Or/ z)ikwi,' )/ kMI)r i:lkS Wr,-r ?inkIi
 r%DAOWr1i 6 IDwADl1 i 7.kA O)kl1 i y r ' l-DIzlr I1i a DIz' lr B1i vDS WkI iDl, i oMl,r IWDl, i R92293i
 .bOkz.r )' )r iz.DziTmiODz'r lz)i.D"r i'AOD'Ir , i)/ I'OziD/ / r ))1iS .r Ir iDi)/ I'Ozi' )i,r w'lr , iD)iDi)rzikwi
 r"r lz)iz.Dzik/ /MIi' l iDizbO'/ DWi)rGMrl/ r?iiT / / kI,' l- izkiz.r ' IiAk,r W1iTmiODz'r lz)iADbifr .D"r i
 ' lDOOIkOI'DzrWbikIiDOOrDIi,' )kI' r lzr , i' l i/ r IzD'l i)'zMDz'kl) ifr / DM)r iz.r bi.D"r iwD'Wr, izkiIrzI' r "r i
 z.r iDOOIkOI'Dzr i)/ I'Oz?i idl ikz.r I i)'zMDz'kl) 1i.kS r"r I1iz.r biDIr iDfWr izkiOrIwkIAiD,r GMDzrWbi
 fr / DM)r iz.r ' Ii:lkS Wr,-r ikwiz.r i)/ I'Ozir lDfWr) iz.r Aizki/ kAOrl) Dzr iwkIiz.r ' Iikz.r IiW'l-M')z' / i
 Dl, i/ k-l' z' "r i,r w'/ 'z)?ii7 .r bi)M--r)ziz.Dzi'AOD'Ir , i)/ I'OziD/ / r )) iADbi'AOWbiIrWDz'"r WbiAkIr i
 ODz.kWk-' / DWi'l"kW"r Arlz ikwiz.r iOIrwIklzDWi/ kIzr%1ifMziz.r ' I iAk,r Wi,kr ) ilkz iD/ / kMlziwkIi
 ,' wwrI lz'DWi)/ I'OzFD/ / r ))' l-iDf' W'zb?
 ? rAOWrIiR92283i/ kl/ WM,r)iz.Dzi)kAr iD)Or/ z)i)M/. iD)izkO'/ iAD'lzr lDl/ r iS kMW, iDOOrDIizkifr i
 AkIr i ,r Orl,r lz ikl iIr / r lz iArAkIb?is z.r I) iADbifr iAkIr i,r Orl,r lz ikl iAkIO.k)blzD/ z' / i
 Df' W'z'r )1iDl,i DIr iz.M)ifr zzr IiIrzD' lr ,?iT)Or/ z)i)M/.i D)iz.r iOIr)r I"Dz'kli kwiDOOIkOI'Dzr iwkIA)ikwi
 OkW'zr lr )) iRD) i ,r )/ I' fr ,1 iwkIir%DAOWr1i ' l ig kOOrI ir ziDW1iN??93iDIr1i.kS r"r I1ilkz iIrD,' Wbi
 r%OWD'lr ,ifbir 'z.r Iikwiz.r )r?
 9;
?klz IDIb izk iEDbWr)(iR92C;3iIrOkIziz.DziTmi)MfHr/ z) iDIr iMlDfWr izk iIrOD'I i/ kAAMl'/ Dz'kl i
 fIr D:,kS l1iu' O'/ . ir ziDW()iR92293iIr )MWz)i)M--r)zr , iz.Dziz.r ' IiTmi)MfHr / z)i)r rAr , izkiIr / k-l' )r i
 / klwM)'kl iDl, iIrGMr)zr , i/WDI'w'/ Dz'kl iDl, iD,,' z'klDWi'lwkIADz'kl?iis IDl-r iDl, ixMI"r)iR922P3i
 ' l iz.r ' IiIr"' rS ikwiIr )rDI/ . i' lzki,' )/ kMI)r iDl, iOID-A Dz'/ ) iDW)ki)M--r)ziz.DziTmiODz'r lz) i,k i
 IrGMr)zi/ WDI'w'/ Dz'kl iDl, iDzzrAOzizkiM)r i/ kl"r I)Dz'klDWiIrOD'Ii)zIDzr-' r )?iu' O'/ . ir ziDWiR92293i
 / kl/ WM,r, iz.Dziq???rDIWbizkiA' , i)zD-r ) ikwiRo3mT7 iODz'r lz) iM)r iIrGMr)z) izki.r WOiz.r AiOIk/r ))i
 'lwkIADz'kl????i7 .r i lkS i /WD))' / i lr MIkO)b/ .kWk-' / DWiOk)'z'kl iz.DziDi-' "r l i "DI'Dl/ r ikwzr l i
 IrOIr)r lz)iDi)zIDzr-b i' l iIr )Okl)r izkiDi,r w'/ 'ziIDz.r Iiz.Dl iDi,r w'/ 'ziOrIi)r iDOOrDI)i)MOOkIzr , ifb i
 z.' )i,DzDqiRO0;?3?
 oM/. iDi"' rS i' ) i/WrDIWbi/ kl) ' )zr lziS 'z. i/ kAOrl) Dz'kl iAk,r W)ikwi' lzr I"r lz'kl iDl, i' ) iDi/ r lzIDWi
 zr lr zikwiz.' ) i)zM,b?iidzi' ) i' lzr Ir )z' l- iz.Dz1i,r )O'zr iz.r iS ' ,r )OIrD, i).' wzi' l iDzz'zM,ri' l ioOrr / .F
 vDl-MD-r ixDz.kWk-b iDS DbiwIkAi,r w'/ 'zFkI'r lzDz'kl iRD)ir%rAOW'w'r , ifb iiz.r iv 'wrixDIz' / 'ODz'kl i
 TOOIkD/ . izkiTO.D)'DiR?.DOrb1imM/.Dl1it WADl1i6 DI/ 'D1i? D-Dl1ivbkl iDl, io'AAkl) Fa D/ :' r1i
 N??931i kI i y kIIDWi Dl, i nIDzDW'c) i RN???3i fkk:31 i Mlz'Wi "r Ib i Ir / r lzWb1i ,r )/ I'Oz'kl) i kwi
 / kAAMl'/ Dz'kl i' l i,r Ar lz'Di.D"r iIrAD'lr , iDWAk)zir lz' IrWbi,r w'/ 'zFfD)r ,?ii7 .r iz'zWr ikwig kOOrIi
 r ziDWc)iN??9i Ir"' rS iDIz' /Wr i j ur zD' lr , i h rMIkO)b/ .kWk-' / DWiTf' W'z' r ) i kwi dl,' "' ,MDW) iS 'z. i
 TWB.r 'ArIc)im')rD)rJ iIrOIr)r lz) iDiADHkIi).' wzi' l iDzz'zM,r1i/ kl) ' )zr lz iS 'z. iDiAkIr iAk,r Il i
 "' rS ikwiTmiD)iDizIrDzDfWri/ kl,' z'kl?
 dh7t u t h 7ds h idhiTm
 qmrArlz'Di ' ) i lkz iHM)ziDi)kMI/r ikwi ' lzr Ir )z' l- iD/D,r A'/ iOIkfWrA) iz.DziDIr i
 ,' ww'/MWzizkiIr )kW"r ?i i7.k) r iS .k i)MwwrIiDl, iz.k) r iS .k i/ DIr iwkIiz.r A????iDIr i
 wD/ r , iS 'z. i/ kl) ' ,r IDfWr i,' ww'/ MWz'r ) iz.Dzi,r ADl, iDiIr )Okl)r?i i7 .r iwD/ ziz.Dzi
 / kAAMl'/ Dz'kl ifr zS r r l i/ DIr IiDl, i)MwwrIr Iifr / kAr) i,' ww'/MWz1iDl, ir"r lzMDWbi
 / Dl ifr iDWAk)zi'AOk))' fWr1i/ Dl ifr iklr ikwiz.r i-Ir Dzr)zi)kMI/r )ikwi,' )zIr ))?iidzi' ) i
 z.r IrwkIri 'AOkIzDlz i z.Dzi klr i )' -l' w'/ Dlz i z.IM)zi ' l i z.r i )zM,bi kwiWDl-MD-r i
 'AOD'IAr lz i ' l i ,r Ar lz'Di).kMW, ifr i ,' Ir / zr , izkSDI,) iz.r iGMr)z'kl ikwi,k' l- i
 )kArz.' l-iz kiIr)kW"r i/ kAAMl'/ Dz'kli,' ww'/MWz'r )q
 Ra 'WrI1i92C21iOC;3
 98
7 .r iDIIDbikwiW'zr IDzMIri' l iz.r iDIrDikwi,r Ar lz'Diz.Dzi.D)iOIkW'wrIDzr , i' l iz.r iWD)ziz.Ir r i,r / D,r )i
 .D)i/ kl/ r lzIDzr , ikl iz.r i' ,r lz'w'/ Dz'kl ikwiWDl-MD-r i'AOD'IAr lz)iDl, iz.r iIDz'klDW')Dz'kl ikwiz.r i
 IkWr ikwiz.r i)Orr / .FWDl-MD-r iODz.kWk-' )zi' l iz.r i,r Ar lz'DiADlD-r Ar lzizrDA1iDl, i' zi' ) iklWbi' l i
 z.r iWD)zi,r / D,r iz.Dzi' lzr I"r lz'kl i.D)iIr / r '"r , i)' -l' w'/ DlziDzzr lz' kl?iiT/ / kI,' l- izkig kOOrIiDl, i
 EDbWr)iRN??931ij o' l/ r i9229J i' lzr Ir )zi' l izIrDz' l- iz.r i/ kAAMl'/ Dz'kl iOIkfWrA)ikwi' l,' "' ,MDW)i
 S 'z. i,r Ar lz'Di.D)i' l/ IrD)r , iDl, iIr )MWz)ikwi)zM,'r )izki,Dzr i)M--r)ziz.Dzi,r Ar lz'DiODz'r lz)i/ Dl i
 'AOIk"r iwMl/z'kl iDl, iAD' lzD' l iDf' W'z'r ) iWkl-r I iS .r l i r l-D-r , i ' l i fr .D"' kMIDWizIrDzArlzJi
 ROC;03?ii
 oOrr / .FWDl-MD-r i'lzr I"r lz' kl) i'li,r Ar lz'Di/Dlifr i-IkMOr,ifIkD,Wbi'lzkizS ki/Dzr-kI' r )4i,' Ir / zi
 RS.r Ir iz.r iODz'r lz i.r I)rWwN.' A)rWwiODIz' / 'ODzr ) i' l iz.r IDOb3iDl,1 iAkIr i/ kAAklWb1i' l,' Ir / z1i
 S .r Ir iz.r iwk/M)ikwiz.r i' lzr I"r lz'kl i' )ikl iz.r ir l"' IklA r lzikIiz.r i/ DIr -' "r IiRaD.r l,ID 1iN??9Li
 g kOOrI1iN??93?i iT/ / kI,' l- izkiu' O'/ . iDl, ie 'kWiR922C31i' l i/ DIr -' "r Ii)MI"rb) ikwi)zIr )) iDl, i
 fMI,r l ikwi/ DIr1i/ kAAMl'/ Dz'kl ifIr D:,kS l i' ) i/ kl) ' )zr lzWbi,r )/ I' fr , iD) iklr ikwiz.r iADHkIi
 )zIr ))kI)?i?DIr -' "r I)ikwiOrkOWr iS 'z. iTmiDIr iAkIr iW' :r Wbizkifr i,r OIr))r ,1izD:r iAr ,' / Dz'kl) ikIi
 IrGM'Ir iAr ,' / DWi/DIr iz.Dlikz.r I)ikwiz.r i)DAr i)r%iDl,iD -r iR?Dzkl1i? Wr ' lA DliDl,iuk) rl1i92CN3?i
 nMIz.r IAkIr1iD) i g kOOrI iRN??93iOk'lz) ikMz1i / DIr -' "r I) i ,k i lkz iDWS Db) i Ir / k-l' )r i )ODIr , i
 / k-l' z' "r i wMl/z' kl) i ' l i Tm iDl, i DIr i z.M) i lkz i DfWr i zk i / DO'zDW')r i kl i z.r )r i zk i r l.D l/ r i
 / kAAMl'/ Dz'kl?i
 uDMiR92203iOIk"',r )i,r zD'Wr , i-M',r W' lr )izki/ DIr -' "r I) ikl iii.kS izki/ kOriS 'z. i/ kAAMl'/ Dz'kl i
 / .Dl-r ) iDzi rD/ . i )zD-r ikwiTm?i ioOr/ 'w'/ DWb izk i r l.D l/ ' l- i / kAOIr.r l) 'kl1 i ).r i )M--r)z)i
 )zIDzr-' r ) i )M/. i D) i )zIM/zMI'l- i / kl"r I)Dz'kl) 1i M)' l- i )'AOWr1i ,' Ir / zi WDl-MD-r 1i D,HM)z' l- i
 "k/ DfMWDIb1i' l/ IrD)' l- iIr ,Ml,Dl/ biDl, iOIk"',' l- i.r WOiS 'z. izkO'/ i/ .Dl-r )?iivMf'l) :' iR92283i
 ' lzIk,M/r , i z.r i lkz'kl i kwiz.r i p/kAAMl'/ Dz'"r Wb i 'AOD'Ir , i r l"' IklA r lz(1i / .DID/ zr I' )r , i fb i
 wrDzMIr) i' l/ WM,'l- i)r l) kIbF/klwM)' l- iDl, i,r OI'"' l- ir l"' IklA r lz)1iWD/ : ikwi)r l) 'z'"' zbizkiz.r i
 "DWMrikwi/ kAAMl'/ Dz'klLiW'A'zr , i' lzr IWk/MzkI) iDl, iW'A'zr , iIrD)kl) izkizDW: iD) iDiIr )MWzikwiDi
 Ir )zI' / z' "r ir l"' IklA r lz?iis l iz.r ifD)') ikwir%zr l) ' "r ikf) r I"Dz'kl iDl, iIr )rDI/ .1i).r iOIk"',r ) iDi
 S ' ,r iIDl-r ikwir l"' IklA r lzDWi' lzrI"r lz'kl) 1izDI-r z' l- iz.r iO.b)' / DWirl"' IklA r lz1iz.r i)r l) kIbi
 9P
r l"' IklA r lz1iz.r i/ k-l' z' "r ir l"' IklA r lziDl, iz.r i)k/ 'DWirl"' IklA r lz1iD)iS rWiD)iDi,r zD'Wr, i' lF
 )r I"' / r izID'l' l- iOIk-IDAAr iwkIi/ DIr -' "r I)?i ig kS r"r I1i).r iOk'lz) ikMziz.Dziz.r Ir iIrAD' l) iDi
 -Ir Dzilr r ,izkir"DWMDzr irAO'I' / DWbi.kS iz.r iOk)'z'"r irwwr/ z)ikwirl"' IklA r lzDWiADl' OMWDz'kli/ Dl i
 fr iArD)MIr,1iS .Dzi)zD-r )ikwi,r Ar lz'DiDIr iAk)ziDArlDfWr izkiz.r )r iADl' OMWDz'kl) iDl, i.kS iDl i
 'AOIk"r, i/ kAAMl'/ Dz'"r ir l"' IklA r lzi/ Dl i'AOIk"riz.r i/ k)zirwwr/ z'"r lr ))ikwi)rI"' / r i,r W'"r Ibi
 RvMf'l) :' 1i92283?iiii
 dl"r )z' -Dz' l- iz.r i rww'/ D/ b ikwizIrDzArlz i ' l iz.r i ,r Ar lz'D) i ' ) i / kAOW'/Dzr , i fb iz.r iwD/ ziz.r i
 zIrDzArlz i ' ) iMlW':r Wbizk iIr )MWzi ' l i 'AOIk"rArlz ifr / DM)r ikwiz.r iOIk-Ir))'"r i lDzMIrikwiz.r i
 ,' )kI,r I?ii7ID,' z'klDWi-IkMOi)zM,'r )i/ kAODI' l- iDiqz.r IDObqi-IkMOiDl, iDiqlklFz.r IDObqi-IkMOi
 DIr iz.M)ilkz iDi"DW', iArDl) ikwi'l"r )z' -Dz'kl? i ig kS DI, iDl, ig Dzw'rW,() iR92CV3iDOOIkD/ . izki
 ' l"r )z' -Dz' l- irww'/ D/ bifb iM)' l- iS 'z.' lF)MfHr/ zi/ kAODI' )kl) iz.M)iDOOrDI)izkifr iAkIr iIrWr"Dlzi
 S 'z. iz.r i,r Ar lz'DiODz'r lz?iioM/. iOIk/r,MIr)iS kMW, i)r r : izki,r Akl) zIDzr iz.Dziz.r iADl' OMWDz'kl i
 kwir l"' IklA r lzDWikIiW'l-M')z' / i"DI'DfWr)iIr )MWz)i' li 'AOIk"rAr lzi' li z.r iODz'r lz()iOrIwkIADl/ r iDzi
 z.Dzi-' "r l iz'Ar?i iTWz.kM-. iAk)zi / DIr -' "r I i ' lzr I"r lz'kl iOIk-IDAAr) iRr-?ig kOOrI1iN??93i
 Ir / kAAr l, iADl' OMWDz'kl ikwi)M/. i"DI'DfWr)iRr-?iM)r ikwi).kIz i)r lzr l/ r )LiiM)r ikwiIr ,Ml,Dl/ bLi
 / kl"r I)Dz'kl iDfkMzi/ kl/ Ir zr izkO'/ )Li iA' l' A')' l- ir%zr IlDWi,' )zID/ z'kl) 31iW'zzWr irAO'I' / DWi,DzDi
 DfkMziz.r irww'/ D/ bikwiz.r )r i)zIDzr-' r ) i.D) ifr r l i-Dz.r Ir , izki,Dzr?iTWz.kM-. i)r"r IDWiwkIADWi
 / DIr -' "r Ii/ kAAMl'/ Dz'kl iOIk-IDAAr)i.D"r ifr r l i,r "' )r ,1iklWbiz.r ins ?L ot mixIk-IDAiwkIi
 ?DIr -' "r I) iRu'O'/ .1 i922P1i / 'zr , i fb iu' O'/ . iDl, ig kIlr I1iN??;3i .D) iOMfW').r , i ,DzDikl i 'z)i
 kMz/ kAr)?iii7kAkr ,DiDl, iEDbWr)iR922?3iIrOkIzikl iDl ir,M/Dz'kl iDl, i/ kMl)rW'l- iOIk-IDAAr i
 wkIi/ DIr -' "r I)?ii7 .' )iOIk-IDAAriS D)ir "DWMDzr , ifb iz.r iODIz' / 'ODlz)iDl, iHM,-r , izkifr irwwr/ z'"r ?i
 g kS r"r I1iS .' Wr i)M/. iw'l,' l-) i"DW',Dzr iz.r iS kIz. ikwir,M/Dz'klDWiOIk-IDAAr) i' l i-r lr IDW1i'zi
 ,kr )ilkziDl) S rIiz.r iGMr)z'kl ikwiz.r irww'/ D/ bikwi)Or/ 'w'/ izr / .l' GMr)iwkIi)Or/ 'w'/ iOIkfWrA)?iiT)i
 g kS DI, iDl, ig Dzw'rW, iR92CV3iOk'lz ikMz1i).kS ' l- iz.DziDi-r lr IDWi' lzrI"r lz'kl iOIk/r,MIri ' ) i
 fr lr w'/ 'DWiwkIiDi-IkMOikwiODz'r lz) i' ) iklWbiDiOIrW'A'lDIbi)zrO?iidl ikI,r IiwkIi)M/. iIr )rDI/ . izki
 .D"r i"DW',' zb1i'ziAM)zifr iIrOW'/ DfWr1iDl, iAM)ziz.M)i.D"r i/WrDIWbi,r W'lr Dzr , iOIk/r,MIr)?iiED))ki
 R92203i )zDzr , i i z.Dzi z.r IDObi / Dllkz i SD'zi wkIi z.r kIb i q)' l/ r i ODz'r lz) i .D"r i Di I' -.z i zki
 9V
Ir .Df' W'zDz'klq iRONN3?iig kS r"r I1iI'-kIkM)ir"DWMDz'kl ikwiOIk/r,MIr)iIrAD'l) ikfW'-DzkIbiwkIiz.r i
 D/ / kMlzDfWri/W'l' / 'Dl?
 y .' Wr i/ DIrwMWWbi/ klzIkWr, i)zM,'r ) ikwi)kAr i,' Ir / ziz.r IDObiDOOIkD/ .r ) iRr-?iTI:' l1i922CiLi
 EkMI-rk')1i922?LiixDWAiDl, ixMI"r)1i922PLiiO MDb.D-r l irziDW1i92283i.D"r ib' rW,r , iOIkA')' l- i
 Ir )MWz)1i' l iDi,r "r WkO'l- i/ kMlzIbi)M/. iD)iokMz. iTwI'/ D1iS 'z. i'z)i"r IbiW'A'zr , iIr )kMI/r )1i,' Ir / zi
 z.r IDObiOIk/r,MIr)iDIr iW' :r WbizkiIrAD' l iDiWM%MIbiIr )zI' / zr , izki"r IbiwrS iOrkOWr?iidl)z'zMz'klDWi
 Dl, iIr )O'zr i/ DIr iwD/ 'W'z'r )iDIr i"r Ibi)/ DI/ r1iDl, iAk)zi,r Ar lz' l- iODz' r lz)iDIr iz.r IrwkIri/ DIr , iwkIi
 Dzi.kA r?ii7 .r Ir i' )iz.M)iDi/WrDIilr r , iwkIiz.r i,r "r WkOArlzikwi' lzr I"r lz'kl i)zIDzr-' r )iS .' / . iS 'Wi
 fr iz'Ar iDl, i/ k)zirwwr/ z'"r 1iS .' / . iS 'WiD))' )zi/ DIr -' "r I) izkiAD'lzD'l iwMl/z'klDWifr .D"' kMIi' l i
 z.r i,r Ar lzr , iODz'r lziwkIiD)iWkl- iD)iOk))' fWr1iDl, iS .' / . i/ Dl ifr i'AOWrArlzr , iWDI-r WbiS 'z.kMzi
 OIkwr))'klDWi)MOrI"' )' kl?iiii
 9C
CHAPTER THREE
 OEONRI  ADU CNOPREHEDYSND SD AV H ESOER Y  USYEAYE
 T hi s t udi ynd i hveudgueahuancci n ousmup r Auuleudgueazguvh' hggn t uesu' svgdDh ueahuy syh  edhgusmu
 vs i ncui hi s t unvDudegumzv'edsvncu hcnedsvgadyues ucnv(zn (h)uyn ed' zcn ct u' si y hahvgdsv)unvDu
 esuh,n i dvhueahui hi s tuDhmd' degudvupr udvui s huDhendcAu
 T wr f b . uwI u/ wxT p buTf T wxk
 -n DDhcht uWMRR19ugenehgueaneueahuyngeu12uth n gusmu hghn ' auan;h u' svmd i hDueaneu3i hi s t3 udgu
 vseunugdv(ch)uzvden t ugtgehi )uqzeunu' si ych, udveh  hcnedsvgady usmugzqgtgehi gu" ad' a uahu
 ' neh(s d ghguq snDct udvesughvgs t ui hi s t) uy di n t ui hi s t uW"s odv( ui hi s t9 unvDucsv( ueh i u
 i hi s tAuup ceasz(a u" dDhct uzghDudvuygt' ascs(t) ueadgui sDhcudguvseuzvd;h  gncct un' ' hyehDu
 W.hn chi nvv unvDuS h  i nvv) uMRRO9uqzeudeudgu' svgdDh hDues uqh un uzghmzcui hnvgusmu
 ' sv' hyezncdgdv(ui hi s tuy s' hgghgAu
 Y             
Badgu hmh gues ueahu;h  t uq dhmuyh dsDueaneughvgs t ugtgehi guWh(Au;dgdsv)unzDdedsv unvDuscmn' edsv9u
 n hueasz(ae uesuqhunqchuesuges h ughvgs t udvms i nedsvAuuI s uh,n i ych)ueahunzDdes t ugtgehi udgunqchu
 es uges h ughvgs t udvms i nedsv ums ucsv( uhvsz(a ues unccs" ueahuyh ' hyedsv usmugyhh' a ugszvDgu4u
 h' asd' ui hi s tAuuBsuDneh)usvct ud' svd' ui hi s t uWeahu;dgzncughvgs t uges h9uangu h' hd;h DuDhendchDu
 dv;h ged(nedsv uW-nDDhcht) uMRR19AuuS n eunvDu. hi ychuWMRR29uysdveuszeueaneui hi s t uDhmd' deguneu
 eadgughvgs t uch;h cun hucdohct ues ui nvdmhgeunguDdmmd' zcedhgu" dea uyh ' hyedsv) u neah ueanvu" deau
 i hi s tA
 P             
p ' ' s Ddv( ues u-n DDhcht uWMRR19)uy di n t ui hi s t uWncgs u hmh  hDues ungugas e ueh i ui hi s t) u
 di i hDdnehui hi s t unvDu" s odv( ui hi s t9 udguzgzncct u' sv' hyezncdghDungunugas eueh i uges h usmu
 qhe" hhvunumh" ugh' svDgunvDunumh" ui dvzehg)u" ad' a uehi ys n  dct uascDgudvms i nedsv u" adchu
 eadvodv()u hngsvdv()u hnDdv(us uchn vdv(AuuSs" h;h  )uahun (zh gueaneu hghn ' auh;dDhv' hui ded(nehgu
 n(ndvgeueahudDhnusmunuzvden t uy di n t ui hi s t ugtgehi )unvDudvgehnD)uy sysg hgueahu' sv' hyeusmu
 " s odv( ui hi s tAuulv ueadgu' sv' hyezncdgnedsv usmu" s odv( ui hi s t) unu' hve ncuh,h ' zed;h u' s4
 s Ddvnehgueahumzv'edsvusmue" sugzqgdDdn tugtgehi gunvDuDhe  i dvhgueahuDdge dqzedsvusmuy s'hggdv( u
 19
 hgsz ' hgudvunvudvDd;dDzncAuuBahghugzqgdDdn t ugtgehi gun h u hmh  hDues ungueahu;dgzsgynedncu
 g'  ne' auynDunvDueahuyasvscs(d' ncucssyAu-n DDhcht) u: nccn unvDuL dcgsvuWMRH?9ugz((h geueaneueadgu
 yasvscs(d' ncuges n (h u' si ysvhveusmueahun ed' zcnes t ucssy) udvunDDdesv ues ugyhh' auyh ' hyedsv)u
 ascDgugh?zhv' hgusmudv' si dv( uDdg' sz g h)unccs" dv( ums udeues uqhuy s' hgghDunvDunvnctghDAuuBazgu
 ynedhvegu" deauDhmd' degudvueadgugtgehi umdvDuvh" uyasvscs(d' ncuchn vdv( u;h  t uDdmmd' zce)unvDui nt u
 an;h uy sqchi gudvu'si y hahvDdv(u' si ych,ughvehv' hgAuu
 -n DDhcht uWMRR19uysdveguszeueaneunuDhmd' deudvunvt usvhusmueahugzqgdDdn t ugtgehi gui nt uvseuan;h unu
 ;h  t uy smszvDudi yn' eusvunuyh gsvEgumzv'edsvdv()ugdv' hu" s odv( ui hi s t udgunqchuesuzghunu nv(hu
 smugzqgdDdn t ugtgehi gAuuS s" h;h  )unumndcz hudvueahu' hve ncuh,h ' zed;h udgucdohct ues uan;h unugh;h  hu
 hmmh' eusvuh;h  tDntucd;dv(Auuuuuuuuu
 . hn chi nvunvDuS h  i nvvuWMRRO9)udvueahd u h;dh" usmu-n DDhchtEgu" s odv( ui hi s t ui sDhc)u
 ' sv' czDhueaneunceasz(a ugsi huDnenun huvseu' svgdgehveu" deaude)udvu(hvh ncueah hudgu(ssD uhi yd d' ncu
 h;dDhv' hudvugzyys eusmueahui sDhcA
 Y               
. h' svDn t uWcsv( ueh i 9ui hi s t) udv;sc ;h gu h' nccusmudvms i nedsv uges hDum si uqhe" hhvunumh" u
 i dvzehgues u;h  t ucsv( uyh dsDguWSn eunvDu. hi ych)uMRR29)unvDudeudguDhmd' degudvueadgun hnusmu
 i hi s t ueaneun huzgzncct u' svgdDh hDuqt ucnt uyhsychues uqhu3i hi s t uy sqchi g3Auup gu" deaueahu
 y di n t ui hi s t uges h )ugh' svDn t ui hi s t uDshguvseu' svgedezehunugdv(chuzvden t ugtgehi Auuwvhu
 Dd;dgdsvueaneu" nguy sysg hDuqt uBzc;dv( uW'dehDuqt uS n eunvDu. hi ych)uMRR29u" ngueaneusmughi nved' u
 nvDuhydgsDd' ui hi s tAuuf ydgsDd' ui hi s t u hmh g ues unzesqds( n yad' ncudvms i nedsv uWh(Au
 gsi headv( ueaneuanyyhvhDudvueahuynge9)u" adchughi nved' ui hi s t udgui hi s t ums uovs" chD(huWh(Au
 ovs" dv( ueahuvni husmueahuC hgdDhve9uW-nDDhcht) uMRR19Auup ceasz(a ui sgeu hghn ' audvesughi nved' u
 i hi s t uanguehvDhDuesu' svgdDh ucdv(zdged' udvms i nedsv)uS n eunvDu. hi ychuWMRR29uysdveuszeueaneu
 eahueh i ughi nved' ui hi s t udgu' sv' h vhDu" deaunccumn' ezncuovs" chD(h)unvDuvseusvct ucdv(zdged' Au
 p ' ' s Ddv( ues u-n DDhcht uWMRR19)ui sgeu3i hi s dhg3u' si y dghungyh' egum si uqseaughi nved' unvDu
 hydgsDd' ui hi s tAuuS s" h;h  )uq hnoDs" vu' nvus' ' z udvusvhugtgehi u" deau hcned;h uy hgh ;n edsvu
 smueahuseah Auu
 p uead Duetyh usmui hi s t uanguncgs uqhhvuysgezcnehD)uvni hct) uy s' hDz ncus udi ycd' deui hi s tAu
 Badgu hmh gues ui hi s t ums uyn ed' zcn ugodccgus uy s' hDz hguWh(Aui ses un' ed;dedhg9)u" ah hueahu
 20
yh gsv ui nt uvseu h' nccueahuy s' hggusmuchn vdv() uqzeugedccu hendvgueahun' ezncugodccAuWSn eunvDu
 . hi ych)uMRR20u-nDDhcht)uMRR10u.hn chi nvunvDuSh  i nvv)uMRRO9A
 Bzc;dv( uW'dehDuqt ur hg( n v(hg)uf zgen' ah)uxdsz,) uDhubnu. nth eehunvDubh' ah;n cdh ) uMRR89u
 ' sv' hyezncdghDueahgh uea hh ugzqgtgehi gusmugh' svDn t ui hi s t unguqhdv( uadh n ' ad' ncct u
 s (n vdghD)u" dea uhydgsDd' ui hi s t uqhdv( ueah ui sgeuDh;h csyhD)unvDuy s' hDz ncueah uchngeAu
 p ' ' s Ddv( uesueadgui sDhc)ueahv)udvus Dh ums uvs i ncui hi s t umzv'edsv)udvmh ds ugtgehi gu" szcDu
 qhu h?zd hDues uqhudven' eAuup gu" dccuqhuDdg' zgghDucneh )ueahuyh ms i nv' husmup r ugzq%h' egusvu
 i hi s t uengoguchvDgugsi huhi yd d' ncugzyys eues ueadgu;dh" Auup ui s h u' z  h veu;n  dnedsv usv ueadgu
 i sDhcu;dh" gugh' svDn t ui hi s t ungu' si y dgdv( ue" sugzqgtgehi g)uvni hct uDh' cn ned;h uWihi s t u
 ms umn' eguPughi nved' unvDuhydgsDd' 9unvDuvsv4Dh' cn ned;h uWy s'hDz nc9uW-ntchg)u122M9A
 A                         
? n dounvDubs' oan euWMR?19)unceasz(a un' ovs" chD(dv( ueahuh,dgehv' husmughyn nehuy di n t unvDu
 gh' svDn t ui hi s t uges hg)un (zh Dueaneu' svgdDh nedsvusmu!  " udvms i nedsvudguy s' hgghDudgui s h u
 i hnvdv(mzcueanv u" !    udeudguy s' hgghDAuup ' ' s Ddv( ues ueahd ui sDhc)u" ad' auangu' si hues uqhu
  hmh  hDues ungu3ch;h cgusmuy s' hggdv(3)ueahuDhhyh ueahuch;h cusmuy s' hggdv()ueahui s h ucdohct udeudgu
 eaneudvms i nedsvu" dccuqhu hi hi qh hDuW.hn chi nvunvDuSh  i nvv)uMRRO9A
 T hi s t uy s' hggdv( u' si y dghguea hhumzv'edsvgVuudvyze)uges n (h unvDu he dh;n c)u" ad' a)unceasz(a u
 Dhg'  dqhDughyn nehct) udveh n' eu' svgenvect uW-nDDhcht) uMRR19Auulvyzeu hmh gues ueahuchn vdv( us u
 n' ?zdgdedsv usmui neh dncues uqhu hi hi qh hD)unvDuneehvedsv ues ueahui neh dnc)unvDus (n vdgnedsv)u
 ' neh(s d gnedsvunvDudveh( n edsvu" deauh,dgedv(ui neh dncun hu' z' dncuy s' hgghgAuIzvDni hvencuesueahu
 ch;h cgusmuy s' hggdv( unyy sn ' audgueahunggzi yedsvueaneunccudv' si dv( ugedi zcdu' nvuqhuy s' hgghDusvu
 Ddmmh hveuch;h cguWms uh,n i ych)u hi hi qh dv( ueahu' scsz usmunuqsso ungusyysghDues udegu' svehveg9Au
 ? n dounvDubs' oan euWMR?19uatyse ahgdghDueaneueahuDhhyh ueahuy s' hggdv( usmudvms i nedsvuqhdv( u
 hv' sDhD)ueahui s h ugz' ' hggmzcueahuchn vdv( unvDueahuqheeh ueahu hehvedsvAuuwv' hui neh dncuangu
 qhhvuhv' sDhD)udeui zgeueahvuqhuges hDuzvedcudeudgu h?zd hDun(ndvAuuS s" h;h  )u3ms (heedv(3ui nt u
 s' ' z ungunu hgzceusmuDdmmd' zcet udvu he dh;n c)unvDuvseusvct uqh' nzghusmunucsggusmudvms i nedsvum si u
 eahuges hAuuBahugz' ' hggusmu he dh;n cudgu' csghct u hcnehDuesueahuhmmd' dhv' t usmueahus d(dvncuhv' sDdv( u
 s udvyze)unvDui neh dncu" ad' auanguqhhvuchn vhDudvunuDdgs (n vdghDu" nt udgusmehvui s h uDdmmd' zceuesu
  he dh;h AuuW-nDDhcht)uMRR10uuSn eunvDu.hi ych)uMRR29Au
 p ceasz(a ueah hudgui z' auhi yd d' ncunvDudvezded;h uh;dDhv' huesugzyys eueadgunyy sn ' a)udeuanguqhhvu
 '  ded' dghDuqh' nzghusmudegu3' d ' zcn det3 u4ueaneudg)ueahuDhyeausmuy s' hggdv( unvDueahugz' ' hggusmu
 21
 hehvedsvu' nvvseuqhui hngz hDudvDhyhvDhvect usmuhn' auseah AuuS s" h;h  )ueadgui sDhcuDshgunyyhn u
 es uan;h u' cdvd' ncuzedcdet ums ueahup r uysyzcnedsv u" ah huDs' zi hvehDuneehvedsv uDdmmd' zcedhguWh(Au
 I scDd)ubsqsg ' s unvDu. ' anhmh )u12219)ums uh,n i ych)ui nt u hDz'hueahuhmmd' dhv' t usmuhv' sDdv(Auuleu
 ncgs uangueahuysehvedncues uenohudves un' ' szveueahuhmmh' egusmueahuhv;d svi hveunvDueahu' sveh,e u4u
 hv' sDdv( unvDuges n (h u' nvvseuqhuhmmd' hveu" ahvueahuyh gsv udgu' svmzghDus uangumndchDuesu
 zvDh genvDueahudvms i nedsv umzct unvDueahuvh(ned;h u' t' chusmui hi s t umndcz h ueazgu' svedvzhgAu
 ?c hn ct)ueadguangu( hneu hch;n v' huesueahuy hghveugezDtAu
 T f T wxk ul/ upr
 p ' ' s Ddv( uesuS n eunvDu. hi ychuWMRR29)ucdeechuneehvedsvuanguqhhvuDh;se hDuesughvgs t ui hi s t udvu
 p r ues uDneh)unvDuh' asd' ui hi s t udvuyn ed' zcn uanguqhhvucn (h ct uvh(ch' ehDAuuS s" h;h  )ueah hudgu
 nvudv'  hngdv( un" n hvhggusmuyh ' hyezncuDhmd' degudvueahuDhi hvedng)u" ad' aui nt uqhun' ' szvehDums u
 qt uy sqchi guneueahuch;h cusmughvgs t ui hi s tAuuBahumh" ugezDdhgusmud' svd' ui hi s t uWeahu;dgzncu
 ghvgs tuges h9udvupr uW'dehDuqtuSn eunvDu.hi ych)uMRR29)uncgsugz((h geueaneueah hui ntuqhuDhmd' degu
 neueadgu;h tuhn ctugen(husmudvms i nedsvuy s' hggdv(udvupr A
 ?sve  s;h  gt unqszvDgungues ueahui sgeuhmmh' ed;h u" ntg usmui hngz dv( uy di n tN" s odv( ui hi s t u
 yh ms i nv' hudvuqsea uvs i ncgunvDudvugzq%h' egu" dea ui hi s t udi ynd i hvegAuuS s" h;h  )ueahu
 mdvDdv(gusmuisgeugezDdhguan;h u h;h nchDuDhmd' deguneueadguch;h cudvupr )uqseaums ucdv(zdged' unvDuvsv4
 cdv(zdged' udvms i nedsv)unceasz(aueahuzvDh ctdv(u hngsvums ueahghuDhmd' degudguvseutheu'chn A
 W-ntchgunvDu?ng7vdno)uMRH?0uuS n eunvDu. hi ych)uMRR20uuT z  n t) uxni n(hunvDuS syyh )u122M9Au
 T s  dguWMRH89unvDu-n DDhcht uheuncuWMRH89uW'dehDuqt u-n DDhcht) uMRR19uan;h uatyse ahgdghDueaneu
 eah uy di n t ui hi s t uDhmd' degusmuynedhvegu" dea up r u hgzceum si unv udi ynd i hveudv ueahu
 mzv'edsvdv( usmueahu' hve ncuh,h ' zed;h udeghcmu neah ueanvudvueahu;n  dszg ugzqgdDdn t ugtgehi gAu
 bdoh" dgh)ur hg( n v(hguheuncuWMRR89udveh y heueahuyh ms i nv' husmup r ugzq%h' egusv uengoguqnghDu
 svueahu- s" v4Cheh gsvuyn nDd(i ungugz((h gedv(u( hneh udv;sc ;h i hveusmueahu'hve ncuh,h ' zed;h Au
 p ' ' s Ddv( ues uS n eunvDu. hi ychuWMRR29)uur hg( n v(hguheuncuWMRR89unvDuT z  n t uheuncuW122M9)u
 i sgeunzeas gun( h hueaneuy s' hDz ncui hi s t udgu hcned;h ct uy hgh ;h Dudvup r AuuBadgudgucdohct uesuqhu
 Dzhuesueahumn' eueaneueahuge z' ez hgudv;sc ;h Dudvuvsv4Dh' cn ned;h ui hi s tu W's yzguge dnezi )ui ses u
 ' s eh,unvDu'h hqhcczi 9un huvseuzgzncctunmmh' ehDuqtueahuDdghnghuy s' hgguW-ntchg)u122M9A
 22
lv u' sve nge)ueahuvhz sn vnesi d' ncuge z' ez hgudv;sc ;h DudvuDh' cn ned;h ui hi s t uWadyys' ni yzg)u
 i hDdncuehi ys n cucsqhg)uy hm svencu' s eh,) unvDunggs' dnedsvu' s ed' hg9uehvDuesuqhunmmh' ehDuhn ct udvu
 eahuDdghnghuy s' hgg)uahv' hueahui n ohDuhn ct uhmmh' egusvugh' svDn t) uDh' cn ned;h ui hi s t udvup r u
 W-ntchg)u122M9AuuBah hudgunucn (h uqsDtusmucdeh nez huDs' zi hvedv( ueadgudi ynd i hveudvugh' svDn t u
 i hi s t) uyn ed' zcn ct udvueh i gusmuhydgsDd' ui hi s tAuulvugzi i n t) up r uynedhveguy hghveu" deau
 di ynd i hveguneunccuea hhuch;h cgusmugh' svDn t ui hi s t) uvni hct) udvyze)uges n (h unvDu he dh;n c)u
 " ad' auan;h uqhhvu hcnehDuesudvnDh?znehuhv' sDdv( unvDugzyh md' dncuy s' hggdv( usmudvms i nedsv)unvu
 nqvs i ncu nehusmu3ms (heedv(3) us ucsggusmuges hDudvms i nedsv uWnceasz(a ueah h un h ugsi hu
 ' sve nDd' es t ugezDdhg uah h9unvDu hDz'hDun' ' hggdqdcdet ues uges hDudvms i nedsv uWn( dv)u
 ' sve s;h  gt unqszvDg)uyn ed' zcn ct u" deau hmh hv' hues ughi nved' u' zhdv(9uW-ntchgunvDu?ng7vdno)u
 MRH?0uSn eunvDu.hi ych)uMRR29A
 leudgudvueahun hnusmughi nved' ui hi s t udvup r ueaneueah hudgui sgeu' sve s;h  gt udvueahucdeh nez h)u
 " dea ugsi hunzeas g un (zdv( ueaneudeudgu hcned;h ct uy hgh ;h D)unvDuseah gueaneudeudgueahu' hve ncu
 Dhmd' deAuup ' ' s Ddv( ues u?ah  eos" )u-zq unvDu. hdDhvqh ( uWMRHR9ueahuqzcousmu hghn ' auh;dDhv' hu
 eazgumn ugz((h gegueaneughi nved' ui hi s t udguDdgez qhDudvup r Auuu. ' a" n e7)uT n dvunvDu. nmm nvu
 WMR?R9uDhg'  dqhueahugzq%h' eusmueahd ugdv(chu' nghugezDtunguan;dv( unugyh' dmd' ughi nved' ui hi s t u
 Dhmd' deu' an n' eh dghDuqt unugtgehi ned' )uy s( h ggd;h u3csggusmueahughi nved' umhnez hgu" ad' auDhmdvhu
  hmh hv' hueh i g3uWy1HF9Auu. di dcn ct) uT n edvunvDuI hDds uWMRH69un (zh ueaneup r uchnDgues u3nu
 gyh' dmd' uDdg zyedsv udvughi nved' uovs" chD(hu' an n' eh dghDuqt unuDdmmd' zcet udvuDdmmh hvednedv( u
 qhe" hhvudehi gu" deadvueahugni hughi nved' u' neh(s t u' sv' z  h veu" deaueahu hcned;h uy hgh ;n edsvusmu
 q snDh u' neh(s d ' ncudvms i nedsv3 uWyM1O9Auup qhtgdv(ah )u-n tchgunvDuB sggheuWMRR29uncgsu
 gz((h geueaneueahughi nved' ui hi s t udi ynd i hveudguDzhudvuyn eues uDheh ds n edsv udvunggs' dned;h u
  hcnedsvgadyguqhe" hhvu'sv' hyegAuuu
 / hqhguWMRHF9unvDu/ hqhgunvDuS nccd(nvuWMRR89)usv ueahuseah uanvD)uqhcdh;h ueaneughi nved' u
 i hi s t udeghcmudguvseuDdg zyehD)uqzeu neah ueaneuDdmmd' zcedhgu" deaughi nved' uengogu hgzceum si unvu
 di ynd i hveudvun' ' hggAuuBaneudg)udvDd;dDzncgu" deaup r uan;h uDdmmd' zcet udvun' ed;h ct ughn ' adv( ueahd u
 ghi nved' ui hi s t udvus Dh ues ui nohuDh' dgdsvgunqszeughi nved' udvms i nedsvAuuS n eunvDu. hi ychu
 WMRR29uncgs uqhcdh;h ueaneueahu' svehvegusmughi nved' ui hi s t un hu hcned;h ct uy hgh ;h Dunceasz(a u
 n' ' hggdv( usmueadgudvms i nedsv ui nt uqhudi ynd hDAuuBahu hcned;h udven' evhggusmueahughi nved' u
 gtgehi unyyhn hDuesuqhuqs vhuszeudvu/ hqhgEuWMRHF9ugezDtuqtueahugzq%h' egEu hgysvghguesughi nved' u
 y di dv( uengoguinter aliaAulvunugdi dcn ughi nved' uy di dv( uengo)uas" h;h  )u?ah  eos" )u-zq unvDu
 . hdDhvqh ( uWMRHR9umszvDu3yneascs(d' ncct3 udv'  hnghDughi nved' uy di dv( uhmmh' egudvugzq%h' egu" deau
 23
p r ungusyysghDues uvs i ncuhcDh ct ugzq%h' eg)u" ad' aueaht uy sysg hu hmch' eguDh( n Dnedsv usmueahu
 ghi nved' ui hi s tAuuj d;h vueahuDdmmh hveugzq%h' eughch' edsvu'  deh dnuzghDudvueahghugezDdhg)ungu" hccu
 ngueahuDdmmh hveuengog)uas" h;h  )udeudguDdmmd' zceuesu' si yn hus udveh y heui nvtusmueahghu' svmcd' edv( u
 n' ' szvegAuuleudguvseh" s eat ueaneuBzc;dv(Egui s h u h' hveui sDhcgusmueahui hi s t ugtgehi uW'dehDuqt u
 r hg( n v(hguheunc)uMRR89uysgezcnehueahuh,dgehv' husmunughyn nehu3yh ' hyezncu hy hghvenedsvu
 gtgehi 3u" ad' auzvDh cdhguy di dv(uhmmh' egu4udmueadgudgugs)ueahvunvtunyyn hveuDdggs' dnedsvuqhe" hhvu
 dven' euy di dv( uhmmh' egunvDudi ynd hDughi nved' ui hi s t ui nt uqhuh,ycndvhDAuu. anccd' huWMRH?9u
 gz((h gegueaneueahuDheh ds n edsv usmugyh' dmd' uovs" chD(hudvueahumn' husmu hcned;h ct uy hgh ;h Du
 (hvh ncuovs" chD(huWh(Au he dh;n cusmu' neh(s dhgu" ah hu' neh(s t ui hi qh gu' nvvseuqhu he dh;hD9u
 chvDgui s hugzyys euesueahuvsedsvusmughi nved' ui hi s tucsggAu
 -n tchgunvDu?ng7vdnouWMRH?9uenohueahughi nved' ui hi s t un (zi hveunugehyumz eah uqt ugz((h gedv( u
 eaneueahuDhmd' deudvuhydgsDd' ui hi s t udvup r udgun' ' szvehDums )uneuchngeudvuyn e)uqt uyss uhv' sDdv( u
 ngunu hgzceusmughi nved' ui hi s t udi ynd i hveAuuBadgu;dh" u" szcDunyyhn ues uqhu' svgdgehveu" deau
 Bzc;dv(Eguatyse ahgdgusmuhydgsDd' ui hi s t uqhdv( uDhyhvDhveusv ueah udveh( det usmu3cs" h 3u
 gzqgtgehi gu4ugzyys ehDuqt ueah uDdggs' dnedsvg udv ui hi s t ugzqgtgehi guDhi svge nehDuqt u
 r hg( n v(hguheuncuWMRR89udvupr ugzq%h' egA
 Bs ugsi huh,ehveueahunyyn hvect u' svmcd' edv( u hgzcegusmuDdmmh hveugezDdhguy sqnqct u hmch' eueahu
 Ddmmh hveui heasDscs(dhguzghD)ungu" hccungunucn' ousmun( h hi hveungues u" aneu' svgedezehguh;dDhv' hu
 ms uhdeah un (zi hveAuu?c hn ct) uess) ungueah umhnez hgusmueahu;n  dszg ugzqetyh gusmup r un hu
 DhcdvhnehD)udeui nt uqh' si huh;dDhveueaneuDdmmh hveugezDdhgun huDhg'  dqdv( uDdmmh hveuDdgs Dh g)ungu
 " hccunguDdmmh hveugen(hgusmugh;h  detAuuBahu;dh" uenohvums ueadgugezDtudgueaneuqseaun (zi hvegun hu
 e zhVuvni hct ueaneueah hudgunu' an n' eh dged' udi ynd i hveudvughi nved' un' ' hggues(h eah u" dea unu
 ( n DzncuDh( n Dnedsv udvueahudveh( det usmueahughi nved' ugtgehi udeghcmungueahuDdghnghuy s( h gghgAu
 Badgu" szcDughhi ues un' ' szve ums ueah uy hgh ;n edsv usmu hgdDzncun hngusmuge hv(ea) u" adchu
 n' ovs" chD(dv(ueaneueahghui ntuqhuehi ys n  t)uDhyhvDdv(usvueahugen(husmueahuDdghnghA
 L aneh;h  ueahugenvDysdveunDsyehD)udeudgu' chn ueaneudi ynd hDughi nved' umzv'edsvdv( udgunu' s h u
 mhnez husmup r Auup ugezDtuqt uj  sggi nvuheuncuWMRR89uneehi yedv( uesudDhvedmtueahuvhz ncuqngdgums u
 ghi nved' ui hi s tuqnghDusvuh;dDhv' hum siupr uynedhveguncgsuchvDguyatgdscs(d' ncugzyys euesueahu
 vsedsv)uDdg' zgghDuhn cdh )ueaneupr uynedhvegun hunqchuesu' si yhvgnehuWs uneuchngeuneehi yeuesuDsugs9u
 ms ugsi husmueahd uDdmmd' zcedhgVueadgugezDtuh,n i dvhDun hngusmuq ndvun' ed;n edsv usv uCf Bug' nvudvu
 24
 hgysvghues ughi nved' uengogunvDumszvDueaneueahup r ugzq%h' egugas" hDugd(vdmd' nveun' ed;n edsv udvu
  h(dsvguvseu h'  zdehDudvuvs i ncu'sve scg)u"ad' aueahtugz((h geui ntuqhu'si yhvgnes tudvuvnez hA
 T wr f b . uwI u/ wxT p bubp / j Gp j f u?wT Cxf S f / . lw/
 ?n   s" 4L sscmscouWMRHH9uDhmdvhgu' si y hahvgdsv ungu3eahuqhan;dsz uqt u" ad' a u" huneen' au
 i hnvdv( ues u' sDhDugti qscgunvDugd(vg3unvDugahuyh ' hd;h guJDh' sDdv(E)uJzvDh genvDdv(EunvDu
 J' si y hahvgdsvEungughyn neh)uadh n ' ad' ncuy s' hgghgAuuI s uh,n i ych)udmunui hggn(h udguvseu
 Dh' sDhDu' s  h ' ect uWdhAuh  s g udvunvnctgdgusmuyasvhi hg)u" s Dgus u( n i i ned' ncuhchi hveg9u
 zvDh genvDdv( unvDu' si y hahvgdsv ui nt uqhunD;h ghct unmmh' ehDAuu. di dcn ct) udeudguysggdqchuesu
 Dh' sDhunums hd(v ucnv(zn (h)uqzeuvseues uzvDh genvDudeAuuI dvncct) uh;h vu" ahvuDh' sDdv( u    
zvDh genvDdv( uenohuycn' h)udeudguysggdqchueaneu' si y hahvgdsv ui nt uqhudi ynd hDudmueahucdgehvh u
 Dshguvseuan;h uy ds uovs" chD(hunqszeueaneudvms i nedsvuWh(Ausvhui nt uDh' sDhunvDuzvDh genvDunu
 '  d' oheu'si i hven t)uqzeuzvchggusvhudgumni dcdn u" deaueahu zchgusmueahu(ni h)usvhu"dccuvseuqhunqchu
 esu' si y hahvDude9A
 ?si y hahvgdsvu' svgdgegusmuea hhungyh' eg)unvDu' si y hahvgdsvuq hnoDs" vui nt us' ' z udvunvt us u
 nccusmueahghVuovs" dv( ueahu zchgusmueahu' sDhu4u' si qdvnedsvgusmuyasvh i hg)ui s yah i hgunvDu
 gtven,unvDueahui hnvdv(gueahghuan;h u"ahvuzghDudvuyn ed' zcn u" ntg0uueahu'cn detunvDun' ' z n' tusmu
 eahue nvgi dggdsv usmucnv(zn (h uea sz(a ueahunzDdes t ugtgehi u4uy h' dgdsv usmunzDdes t uyh ' hyezncu
 y s' hggdv( udvuDdg'  di dvnedv( unvDu' neh(s d gdv( uyasvhi hg)ugh(i hveg)uzvdegusmucnv(zn (h)uhe' 0u
 nvDueahuzedcdgnedsv usmui hggn(hgunvDuzvDh genvDdv( ueahudvehvedsv usmueahugyhnoh uW?n  s" 4
 L sscmsco)uMRHH9A
 : n dszgui sDhcgusmucnv(zn (hu' si y hahvgdsvuan;h uqhhvuy sysg hD)ui nvtusmu" ad' aun huDhmd' dhveu
 dvueaneueaht uy sysg hunu d(dD)uzvdDd h' edsvncumcs" usmudvms i nedsv)udv' svgdgehveu" deau" aneudgu
 ovs" vusmueahu d' au' si ych,det usmuazi nvucnv(zn (hAuuT sgeuncgs umndcues uenohudves un' ' szveueahu
 ' sveh,e udvu" ad' au' si y hahvgdsv us' ' z g)unvDueahuhmmh' egusmuseah umn' es g)ugz' aungucsv( unvDu
 gas eueh i ui hi s tAuuu?c hn ct ueahghumn' es gu" dccuycnt unu'  ded' ncu schudvu' si y hahvgdsvums ueahu
 p r ugzq%h' eAu
 T n ' zguWMRH19ums uh,n i ych)uatyse ahgdghDueaneueahumd geugen(h udvuy s' hggdv( us' ' z guneueahu
 syntaxuyn gh AuuBadgunvnctghgueahudvyzeudvesunue hhuge z' ez h)u" ad' augh ;h gungueahudvyzeums ueahu
 25
semanticuy s' hggs AuuT hnvdv( usqendvhDudvueadgu" nt udgueahvuy s' hgghDuqt uworld knowledgeAu
 Bahusyntaxugehyui ntuqhuqtyngghDudmueah hudgudvgzmmd' hveus um n(i hvehDudvms i nedsvA
 lv u' sve ngeues ueadguadh n ' ad' ncui sDhcusmuy s' hggdv() uBtch uWMRH?9uy sysg hgueaneueah h udgu
 gdi zcenvhszg udveh( n edsv usmuch,d' nc)ugtven' ed' )ughi nved' unvDuy n(i ned' unvnctghgAuu. ahu
 Dhg'  dqhgueahghungu3' s h 3uy s' hgghg)u" ad' a uenohuycn' hunzesi ned' ncctAuu. ahuszecdvhguea hhu
 di ys enveuy syh  edhgusmueahu' s h uy s' hgghgudvuvs i ncu' si y hahvgdsvVuuI d gect) ueaht un hu
 syedi ncct uhmmd' hveu4ueaneudg)unu" s Dudgu h' s(vdghDum si ueah umd geui si hveueaneudeudgu
 Ddgedv(zdganqchum si useah u" s Dgudvueahucnv(zn (h0uu. h' svDct) ueahu' s h uy s' hgghgusyh nehu
 #      $% & AuuI s uh,n i ych)ums ugdv(chu" s Du h' s(vdedsv)ueahugheusmuysggdqchu" s Dgums unvnctgdgu
 dgumd geuDhmdvhDuqt ueahuyasvscs(d' ncu' an n' eh dged' gusmueahughvgs t udvyze0uuBad Dct) ueahu' s h u
 y s' hgghgun husqcd(nes tA
 Btch uWMRH?9ugz((h gegueaneueahuhmmh' eusmueahghuea hhuy syh  edhgudgueaneugyhh' audvyzeudgu nydDct u
 i s;h Dusvesuad(ah  uch;h cgusmu hy hghvenedsvAuuT nyydv( usvesueahudveh vncuch,d' svunvDugtven' ed' u
 nvDughi nved' udveh y henedsv u' nv uqh(dv unmeh usvct unqsze uancmunu" s Duanguqhhv uahn DAu
 ?sve h,ezncudvms i nedsv uncgs unggdgegudvuy s;d Ddv( ui dggdv( udvms i nedsvAuuBaneudg)ueah h udgu
 dveh n' edsvuqhe" hhvuqseesi 4zyunvDuesy4Ds"vuy s' hggdv(AuuBahunD;nven(husmueadgudveh n' edsvudgu
 eaneueahucdgehvh udgunqchuesudveh( n ehudvms i nedsvum si ueahuzeeh nv' hu" deauadgNah ugyh' dmd' u" s cDu
 ovs" chD(hunvDueah ugyh' dmd' uDdg' sz g hu' sveh,eAu u. ezDdhgudvueah unyangd' uysyzcnedsv uan;h u
 ' sve dqzehDu( h nect ues ueah uzvDh genvDdv( usmueah udi ys env' h usmu' sveh,e udv uDdg' sz ghu
 ' si y hahvgdsvAuuleudgu" dDhct un( h hDueaneunyangd' udvDd;dDzncgu' nvuan;h u hcned;h ct udven' eunqdcdet u
 es uzvDh genvDuDdg' sz g huh;h vu" ahvueaht uan;h ugh;h  hct udi ynd hDughvehv' hu' si y hahvgdsvu
 W.en' as" dno)uS zqh )uCsh' ounvDu?h g' ahvgehdvh )uMR??0u?n ycnvunvDuf ;n vg)uMRR29AuuBadgudgu
 nee dqzehDuesueahd unqdcdetuesuzghu'sveh,euesu' si yhvgnehums ughvehv' huch;h cuDdmmd' zcedhgA
 . di dcn ct) u?dveg' auWMR??9uncgsu;dh" gu' si y hahvgdsvungunvudveh n' edsvuqhe" hhvuesy4Ds" vunvDu
 qseesi 4zyuy s' hgghgAuulv uadgui sDhc)uy s' hggdv( usmui n'  sge z' ez h uW(csqncueahi hgusmunu
 Ddg' sz gh9uDshguvseus' ' z ungueahumdvncugen(hudvunuadh n ' at)uqzeu neah )udvms i nedsvudguy s' hgghDu
 gdi zcenvhszgct usv unccuch;h cgudvunvudveh n' ed;h ui nvvh ues u hgzceudvuh;h vezncu' si y hahvgdsvAu
 Baneudg)unguvh" ui d'  sge z' ez hguWdvDd;dDzncuy sysg dedsvg9un hunvnctghD)ueaht un humhDudves ueahu
 (csqncui n'  sge z' ez hAuuI s uh,n i ych)u?" sv(4. hhunvDuxtn vuWMRR89uysdveuszeueaneudDhvedmtdv( u
 eahunveh' hDhvegunvDu hmh hvegues uy svszvg un huhgghvedncums ueahi ues uqhuzvDh gessDu" deadvueahu
 ' sveh,eusmunuDdg' sz g hui n'  sge z' ez hAuuli ys envect) ugdv' hunueh,eu' szcDu' svendvunu;h  t ucn (h u
 26
vzi qh usmuy sysg dedsvg)ueahudi i hDdn' t usmuy s' hggdv( ungu" hccungueahu' svgenveudveh( n edsv usmu
 vh" udvms i nedsv)u hDz'hgugsi husmueahuDhi nvDgusmugas e ueh i N" s odv( ui hi s tAuu?zgeunvDu
 ?n  yhveh uWMRR19uncgs ugz((h geueaneucs" h uch;h cguWh(Augtven' ed' uge z' ez h9ui nt uqhuDh4n' ed;n ehDu
 sv' huad(ah  uch;h cuy s' hggdv( uangus' ' z  hDAuWIs uh,n i ych)ucdeechui nt uqhu h' ncchDunqszeueahu
 gtven' ed' uge z' ez hgusmunueh,euh;h vu"ahvueahui n'  sge z' ez hudgu"hccu h' ncchD9A
 ?nav unvDuj szcheuWMRR89u' si i hveueaneu'  z' dncumn' es g um h?zhvect usi deehDum si u' s(vded;h u
 i sDhcgusmucnv(zn (h uy s' hggdv( un hueahucdgehvh EguneedezDhg)ui sed;n edsvgunvDu(sn cguWysgdqct u
 qh' nzghusmueahuDdmmd' zcet udvah hveudvu?znvedmtdv( unvDusyh nedsvncdgdv( ueahi 9AuuBahghumn' es gu
 i zge)uas" h;h  )uqhuenohvudvesu' svgdDh nedsvudvunvt udv;h ged(nedsvudves u' si y hahvgdsv)unvDun hu
 yn ed' zcn ctudi ys enveudvueadgugezDtA
 BS f uxf bp Blw/ . S lCu-f BL f f / uTf T wxk up/ r u?wT Cxf S f / . lw/
 ?n   s" 4L sscmscouWMRHH9uad(acd(aegueahudi ys env' husmucsv( ueh i uWgh' svDn t9 ui hi s t ums u
 ' si y hahvgdsv u4ui hi s t uqnvogu' svendvdv( udvms i nedsv unqsze ugtven,) ughi nved' gunvDu
 y n(i ned' g) ungu" hccunguovs" chD(hunqsze ueah u" s cD)un h uhgghvedncums uDh' sDdv( unvDu
 ' si y hahvgdsv) uqh' nzghudeudgun(ndvgeueadguges hDudvms i nedsv ueaneuvh" udvms i nedsv udgu
 ' si yn hDAuup gugahuysdvegusze)u' si y hahvgdsvudguvseu?     ? ui hnvdv( um si u" aneudgugndD)uqzeu
 #    ?  ? ui hnvdv(uesudeA
 C di n t ui hi s t uncgs uycntg unu'  ded' ncu schudv uges dv( ueah udveh i hDdnehuy sDz' egusmueahu
 ' si y hahvgdsv unvnctgdgunvD)un' ' s Ddv( ues u?zgeunvDu?n  yhveh uWMRR19)u' nvuqhu;dh" hDungueahu
 3ysscusmusyh nedsvncu hgsz ' hgueaneuyh ms i ueahugti qscd' u' si yzenedsvgunvDueah hqt u(hvh nehu
 eahudveh i hDdnehunvDumdvncuy sDz' eg3uWyAM169AuuBaht uatyse ahgdghueaneu' si y hahvgdsv udgu
 ' svge ndvhDuqt ueahu' nyn' det usmueahudvDd;dDzncEgu" s odv( ui hi s t) unvDuy sysg hunu3e nDdv(3u
  hcnedsvgadyuqhe" hhvuges n (h unvDuy s' hggdv( un' ' s Ddv( ues u" ad' a uy s' hggdv( u" dccuqhug' nchDu
 Ds" vu" ahvueahuges n (h u' nyn' det udguh,' hhDhDAuuBazg)ueahugyhhDunvDu' svehveusmucnv(zn (hu
 y s' hggdv( uDhyhvDusvueahu' nyn' det usmueahu" s odv( ui hi s t) unvDu" ahvudvgzmmd' hveu hgsz ' hgu
 n hun;n dcnqchums ueahuDhi nvDgusmunuyn ed' zcn uengo)ueahvueah hudguDh( n Dnedsv usmuqseauges n (hu
 nvDu'si yzenedsvA
 p vseah u schusmueahu" s odv( ui hi s t udvuDdg' sz ghuy s' hggdv( udgues un' eungu" aneu?" sv(4. hhu
 nvDuxtn vuWMRR89u hmh ues ungueahu' sve scugtgehi AuuBadgugh ;h gues un' ed;n ehu hch;n veuovs" chD(hu
 27
nvDudvadqdeud  hch;n veudvms i nedsv) un' edv( ungunumdceh ums ueahudv' si dv( udvms i nedsvAuuBadgu
 mdceh dv( uy s' hgg)unvDuyn ed' zcn ct ueahudvadqdedsvusmudvms i nedsvungudeuqh' si hguchggu hch;n veudgu
 qhdv( u;dh" hDungunvudv'  hngdv(ct udi ys enveungyh' eusmuDdg' sz ghuy s' hggdv( uWInzge)u-n csen)u
 r z' aho)ujh vgqn' ah unvDu.i dea)uMRR89A
 lvueahudvDd;dDzncu" deaup r )u" ah hueah hunyyhn gues uqhudi ynd i hveudvunccuea hhugzqgtgehi gusmu
 i hi s t ueahuhmmh' eusv ucnv(zn (h u' si y hahvgdsv udgucdohct ues uqhuy smszvDAuuleudgudi ys enveues u
 ' svgdDh )uas" h;h  )ueaneueahu hcnedsvgadyuqhe" hhvui hi s t unvDu' si y hahvgdsv udgu h' dy s' nc)u
 gdv' hudi ynd hDu' si y hahvgdsv udvuez v u" dccu hgzceudvuyss un' ?zdgdedsv unvDuahv' hudvuyss u
 i hi s tAuup gu. onunvDu?snvheehuWMRR89uysdveuszeu3AAAudeudguvseuysggdqchues ugezDt uDdg' sz ghu
 ' si y hahvgdsvu" deaszeu' svgdDh dv( ui hi s t uy s' hggdv(3uWyM2M9AuuBadgugti qdsed' u hcnedsvgadyu
 dgugzi i n dghDudvumd(z h u1)uncgs udv' s ys n edv( ueahu schusmuneedezDhg)u(sn cgunvDui sed;n edsvgu
 ad(acd(aehDuqtu?navunvDujszcheuWMRR89A
 I d(z h u1VuuTsDhcusmuvs incuDdg' sz g hu'si y hahvgdsv
 WnDnyehDum siu?" sv(4. hhunvDuxtnv)uMRR89A
 28
 j sncg
 p eedezDhg
 T sed;n edsvg
 YECNDUARI  OEONRI
 bdv(zdged' uovs" chD(huuuuuuuuuLs cDuovs"chD(h
 f ydgsDd' ui hi s t
 . hi nved' ui hi s t
 bh,d' sv
 T hencdv(zdged' unvDuihen' s(vded;h uge neh(dhg
 (N R) SD*  OEONRI
 ?sve  scugtgehi uWh,' denedsvunvDudvadqdedsv9
 . es n (hunvDuy s'hggdv(
 YEDYNRI  PRNCEYYSD*
 p zDdes tN;dgzncugedi zczg
T f T wxk up/ r u?wT Cxf S f / . lw/ ul/ u/ wxT p bupj l/ j
 p ' ' s Ddv( uesu. anDDhvuWMRHH9)u3yh anyguvsun hnusmu(h svescs(d' ncu hghn ' aunvDueahs t udgui s h u
 ' sve s;h  gdncueanvueahuh,ycs n edsv usmu' s(vded;h u' anv(hgunggs' dnehDu" deaun(dv(3 uWy?R9)unvDu
 ?nzgch uWMRHH9uy s;d Dhgunu h;dh" usmugsi husmueahui heasDscs(d' ncumcn" gu" ad' aui nt un' ' szveu
 ms ueahu' sve s;h  gdhguWdv' czDdv( ueahuy n' ed' husmu( szy ugezDdhg)unvDueahuh' scs(d' ncu;n cdDdet usmu
 cnqs nes tu gezDdhg9Auu/ h;h  eahchgg)udeudgu" dDhctun( h hDueaneueah hun hugsi hu' anv(hgudvu' s(vded;h u
 y s' hgghgunggs' dnehDu" dea un(dv() udv' czDdv( u' anv(hgudvu" s odv( ui hi s t uW?" sv( u. hhunvDu
 xtn v)uMRR89Auu
 ?nzgch uWMRHH9ugzi i n dghgueahue" s ui ndvug' asscgusmueasz(ae un' ' szvedv( ums ueadgunguqhdv( unu
 Dh'  hnghudvuy s' hggdv( u hgsz ' hguWhdeah uqh' nzghusmunuDh'  hnghudvuges n (hu' nyn' det us uqh' nzghu
 smunuDh'  hnghudvuy s' hggdv( u' nyn' det) us uqsea9)us unuDh'  hnghudvueahugyhhDusmuy s' hggdv(Au
 ?" sv( u. hhunvDuxtn v uWMRR89u;dh" uqsea uDh'  hnghDu hgsz ' hgunvDuDh'  hnghDugyhhDungu
 dvmczhv' dv( uhn' a useah Auulv unDDdesv) ueaht uysdveuszeueaneun(h4 hcnehDu' anv(hgudvughvgs t u
 nqdcdedhguWh(Auahn dv(9u' sve dqzehues uge hggdv( ueahuy s' hggdv( u hgsz ' hgumz eah AuuS ngah unvDu
 5n' oguWMRHH)u' dehDuqt u?" sv( u. hhunvDuxtn v)uMRR89u' sve dqzehunuead Duysggdqchuh,ycnvnedsvums u
 n(h4 hcnehDu' anv(hgudvu' si y hahvgdsvVun(dv( unyyhn gues uqhunggs' dnehDu" dea unuDh'  hnghDu
 nqdcdet uesuy h;h veud  hch;n veudvms i nedsvum si uhveh dv( ueahu" s odv( ui hi s t) ueazguDdi dvdgadv( u
 eahuhmmd' hv' tusmueahu"s odv(ui hi s tA
 f n ct ugezDdhgusmuvs i ncun(dv( uWh(Au?sah v)uMR?R0uGcnes" gon)u?n vvdes)uS ntn gadunvDuI chi dv()u
 MRHF9ugz((h gehDugsi hui n ohDun(h4 hcnehDu' anv(hgudvu' si y hahvgdsv unqdcdetAuuI s uh,n i ych)u
 ?sah vEgugzq%h' eguDhi svge nehDuyss h  unqdcdet ues uzvDh genvDudvmh hv' hgunvDuDheh' eu;h  qncu
 nvsi ncdhg)u" adchuGcnes" gonuheuncEgugzq%h' eguDhi svge nehDuyss h  u' si y hahvgdsvusmuDdg' sz g hAu
 S s" h;h  )u' z  h veu hghn ' ah guan;h u'  ded' dghDui z' ausmueahuhn cdh u hghn ' aums umndcdv( ues uenohu
 dvesun' ' szveueahuDs'zi hvehDu'anv(hguinter aliaudvu"s odv(ui hi s tAu
 Bs uDneh)ueahu hgzcegusmugezDdhgusmu' si y hahvgdsv udvuvs i ncun(dv( un hudv' sv' czgd;hAuu. si hu
 gezDdhgugas" ueaneueahuyh ms i nv' husmuscDh unDzcegudguyss h  ueanvutszv(h  )u" adchuseah gugas" u
 qheeh uyh ms i nv' huqt uscDh ugzq%h' egAuW?" sv( u. hhunvDuxtn v)uMRR89Auuwvhudi ys enveumdvDdv()u
 as" h;h  )u" ad' audgu hch;n veuesueadgugezDt)uanguqhhvueaneuscDh unDzcegunyyhn uesui nohui s h uzghu
 smu"s cDuovs"chD(hueanvunDschg' hvegudvuy s' hggdv(ueh,eguW?" sv(u. hhunvDuxtnv)uMRR89Auu
 29
?w T Cxf S f / . lw/ ul/ upr
 lvu;dh" usmu-n tchgunvDuBsi shDnEguWMRRM9umdvDdv( ueaneudvnqdcdet ues u' si y hahvDudvge z' edsvgu
 " ngueahumsz eaui sgeuy h;n chveucdv(zdged' ugti yesi u hys ehDuqt u' n h(d;h  gusmup r uynedhveg)udeudgu
 gz y dgdv( uas" ucdeechugtgehi ned' uneehvedsv uanguqhhvuyndDues u' si y hahvgdsv udvueahghuynedhvegAu
 f n ct ugezDdhgusmucnv(zn (h udv up r ucdohvhDudeues ue nvg' s ed' ncughvgs t unyangdnunvDueazgu
 n' ovs" chD(hDueaneueah hudgunuy di n t u h' hyed;h uDhmd' deunggs' dnehDu" deaueahuDdghnghuWTdcch )u
 MRHR9unvD)udvDhhD)ui sgeugezDdhguan;h u' sv' czDhDueaneu h' hyed;h ucnv(zn (h udgudi ynd hDudvup r u
 Wpyyhccuheunc)uMRH10uT z Ds' auheunc)uMRH?0u-n tchg)uMRH19AuuI dvDdv(gusmu;n  dszgugezDdhgun hu
 y hghvehDudvueadgugh' edsv) uqzeudeugaszcDuqhuqs vh udvui dvDueaneui nvt usmueahghugaszcDuqhu
 dveh y hehDu"deau'nzedsvA
 wvhusmueah udvah hveuDdmmd' zcedhgudv ueah ugezDt usmu' si y hahvgdsv ucdhgudv ueah umn' eueaneu
 ' si y hahvgdsvu' nvusvct uqhudvmh  hD)uvseui hngz hDudeghcmAuuBaneudg)udvmh hv' hgun hui nDhunqszeu
 eahuyh gsvEgu' si y hahvgdsv usv ueahuqngdgusmugsi hugs e usmusze' si h)uqhudeunu;h  qncus unu
 qhan;dsz n cu hgysvghAuuBadgui nohgu3i hngz hi hve3uDdmmd' zce)unvDuy sqnqct un' ' szveguqseaums u
 eahuynz' det usmugezDdhgusmu h' hyed;h ucnv(zn (h)unvDums ueahusmehvu' svmcd' edv( umdvDdv(gAuuBadgu
 Ddmmd' zcet udgunuoht umhnez h usmueahuy hghveugezDtVugzq%h' eguqhan;hDudvunuyn ed' zcn u" nt udvu
  hgysvghuesuy hghvehDugedi zcdAuulmueaneuqhan;dsz u" nguDdmmh hveuzvDh unuDdmmh hveu' svDdedsvusvhu
 ' nv u' sv' czDhusvct ueaneuDdmmh hveucdv(zdged' u' svDdedsvg uhcd' dehDuDdmmh hve u   &      )uvseu
 Ddmmh hveuch;h cgus u" ntg usmu' si y hahvgdsvAuu. dv' humcz' eznedv( uqhan;dsz g un huyn eusmueahu
 ' svDdedsv udvup r )unvDup r ugzq%h' egun huovs" vues uqhu;zcvh nqchues ueahuhmmh' egusmucdi dehDu
 neehvedsv)udvmh hv' hunqszeu' si y hahvgdsv udguh;h vui s h uDdmmd' zceudvueadguysyzcnedsvAuuBadgudgu
 mhceuesuqhunuge sv(ui sed;n edsvums ueahuzghusmu?zncdened;h )uDhg'  dyed;h u hghn ' aueh' avd?zhgA
 bdoh" dgh)udeudgunui sed;n edsvums ugdv(ch4'nghugezDdhgu neah ueanvu( szy uDhgd(vg)ugdv' huh;h vueahu
 i sgeu' n hmzct ughch' ehD)uasi s(h vhszgu( szy u' nvvseuqhui ne' ahDums ueahuh,eh vncumn' es guWgz' au
 ngumned(zh )unmmh' e)ui sed;n edsv9u" ad' aui nt udvmczhv' huqhan;dsz us u hgysvghgAuu. z' au;n  dnqchgu
 n huDdmmd' zceues ui nvdyzcnehuh;h vu" ahv)ungudvueadgugezDt)ugzq%h' egun' eungueahd us" vu' sve scg)u
 nceasz(a ueadgudgumhceues uqhunui s h unyy sy dnehui heasDAuup guDdg' zgghDuy h;dszgct) ucn (h u( szy u
 gezDdhgun h uy sqchi ned' udv up r uqh' nzgh usmueah uDdmmd' zcet udv uhvgz dv( un ugzmmd' hvect u
 asi s(h vhszgugni ychAuuBadgudguyn ed' zcn ct ue zhudvu. szeaup m d' nu" ah hueahui hDd' ncuDdmmh hvedncu
 Ddn(vsg dgudgusmehvuyss unvDudgu' h endvct uzvcdohct uesudv' czDhunvuneehi yeuesuDdmmh hvednehuqhe" hhvu
 Ddmmh hveugzqetyh gusmup r AuBahu' sv;h  ghusmueadgudg)uzvms ezvnehct) uncgs ue zhVuu(hvh ncdgnedsvu
 30
m si ugdv(ch4'nghugezDdhgudgucdi dehDu" ahvueahugyh' dmd' gusmueahuzvDh ctdv( uyneascs(t usmueahu
 gzq%h' eun huvseuovs" vA
 T nvt ugezDdhguWyn ed' zcn ct ueahuscDh usvhg9uan;h uehvDhDues unyy sn ' a uDhi hvednum si ueahu
 yh gyh' ed;h usmunyangdn)uneehi yeguesu' cnggdmtueahuetyh usmu3nyangdn3udvuDhi hvednuWh(Aungu' dehDuqt u
 T dcch )uMRHR9uqhdv( uetyd' ncusmueadgAuuL adchuneehi yegues u3' si yn h3ueahucnv(zn (h usmup r ues u
 nyangdnus u d(aeuahi dgyah hucnv(zn (huDdgs Dh Muan;h u' sve dqzehDu( h nect uesusz uzvDh genvDdv( u
 smup r ucnv(zn (h)unvDui nvt ugezDdhguWdv' czDdv( ueahuy hghveusvh9uqs  s" uahn;dct um si u" aneudgu
 ovs" vunqszeuseah uvhz s(h vd' u' si i zvd' nedsv uDdgs Dh g)udeudgu'  z' dncues u;dh" up r um si udegu
 s" v)uzvd?zhueahs h ed' ncuyh gyh' ed;hA
 p umdvncuvsehusmu' nzedsv u hcnehgues ueahuDdmmd' zcet udvu(hvh ncdgdv( u3cnqs nes t3 umdvDdv(gues u hnc4
 cdmhuyh ms i nv' hAuuT nvtugezDdhguDhg'  dqhDudvueahucdeh nez hu hctuahn;dctusvuengogugz' aungugdv(chu
 " s Du h' s(vdedsv)u( n i i ned' ncdet u%zD(hi hvegus ughvehv' huDdgni qd(zn edsvAuuCh ms i nv' husvu
 eahghuengogusq;dszgctu' nvvseuqhuh?znehDuesuDdg' sz ghu'si y hahvgdsvA
 . ' azcehunvDu- n vDeuWMRH?9ucdgeu;n  dszg umn' es g u" ad' a u' nvunmmh' eunzDdes t u' si y hahvgdsvVu
 cdv(zdged' umn' es g)udv' czDdv( uchv(ea usmui hggn(h unvDugtven' ed' u' si ych,det) uedi dv( umn' es gu
 dv' czDdv( u nehunvDuynzghg)uneehvedsvncumn' es g)u' sveh,e)uyh ms i nv' humn' es gunvDuy hghvenedsvu
 ;n  dnqchgAuupvtuDdg' zggdsvusmu'si y hahvgdsvui zgeudv' czDhunvuh;n cznedsvusmueahghumn' es gA
 p ' ' s Ddv( ues u?hi ych uWMRRF9unvDuS syyh uheuncuW122M9)u' si y hahvgdsv usmugdi ychu' sv'  hehu
 i neh dncughhi gues uqhu hcned;h ct udven' eudvueahuhn ct ugen(hgusmueahuDdghnghuy s' hggAuuu-t ueahu
 i sDh nehugen(h)u' si y hahvgdsvums u' si ych, ui neh dncudguzgzncct udi ynd hDuWpyyhccuheunc)uMRH19)u
 nvDuqt ueahucnehugen(hu' si y hahvgdsvudgugh;h  hct udi ynd hDudvunccui sDncdedhg)uh;h vuneueahugdv(chu
 " s Duch;h cuW?hi ych )uMRH10uuSsyyh uheunc)u122M9A
 Y            &   !       
Bahu' si y hahvgdsvusmugtven, uanguqhhvumszvDuqt unuvzi qh usmunzeas g ues uqhu' svgdgehvect uchggu
 dven' eueanvuh,y h ggdsvAuuBsi shDn)u-n tchg)u-ssvh )u?ng7vdnounvDu. cnzgsv uWMRR29umszvDueaneu
 eahuch;h cusmugtven' ed' u' si ych,det ugd(vdmd' nvect unmmh' ehDu' si y hahvgdsv)uDhgydehueahu hcned;h u
 y hgh ;n edsvusmuh,y h ggd;h ugtven,Auu.di dcn ct)u. ' a" n e7uheuncuWMR?R9u hys ehDuyss h u
 MuIs uh,n i ych)uxhdmmu?ah vhtuWMRR29
 31
' si y hahvgdsvusmugtven' ed' uge z' ez hgueaneunmmh' ehDui hnvdv( uWh(Au h;h  gdqchu. : wughvehv' hg9Au
 L neh g)u?n ycnv unvDuxs' asv uWMRRM9u' svmd i ugtven' ed' u' si y hahvgdsv udi ynd i hveg)unvDu
 gz((h geueaneueadguDhmd' deui nt uqhuDzhues unu hDz'edsv udvuy s' hggdv( u hgsz ' hgAuu. di dcn ct) u
 ?hi ych uWMRRF9ugz((h gegueaneueahuDdggs' dnedsv uqhe" hhvu h' hyed;h unvDuh,y h ggd;h ugtven, u' nvu
 qhuh,ycndvhDuqt ueahuatyse ahgdgueaneueahui hi s t unvDuy s' hggdv( uDhi nvDgusmu h' hyedsv un hu
 ( h neh ueanvueasghums uh,y h ggdsvAuuS s" h;h  )uahun' ovs" chD(hgueaneueahumdvDdv(gusmugezDdhgudvu
 " ad' a ugzq%h' egu' nvu hyhneu' si ych, ughvehv' hguh;h vu" ahvueaht u' nvvseuzvDh genvDueahi uDsu
 dvDd' nehueaneueah hui nt uqhuDheh ds n edsvudvueahunqdcdet uesuy s' hggu' si ych, ughvehv' hgus;h  unvDu
 nqs;h ueahui hi s tuDhi nvDguW?hi ych )uMRRF9Au
 lvu' sve ngeues ueahghumdvDdv(g)uxs' asv)uL neh gunvDu?n ycnvuWMRRO9uh,n i dvhDu16ugzq%h' egusv unu
  nv(h usmughvehv' h4yd' ez h ui ne' adv( uengog usmuDdmmh dv( u' si ych,det) unvDumszvDueaneu
 ' si y hahvgdsv u" nguvseuyss h  ums ughvehv' hgueaneu" h hui s h ugtven' ed' ncct u' si ych,) uqzeums u
 easghueaneu' svendvhDui s h ueanvunugdv(chuy sysg dedsvAuBadgugz((h gegueaneudeui nt uan;h uqhhvueahu
 i hi s tucsnD)u neah ueanvueahugtven' ed' u'si ych,detueaneu'sve dqzehDuesueahugzq%h' egJuDdmmd' zcetA
 p vDh gsv)u?hi ych unvDu. i nccuWMRRM9umszvDueaneueahd up r ugzq%h' egug' s hDugd(vdmd' nvect ui s h u
 yss c t ueanvuvs i ncu' sve scgusv uehgegusmu( n i i ned' u' si y hahvgdsv)unceasz(a) udveh hgedv(ct) u
 eaht uyh ms i hDu" hccusv unu3aheh svti 3uengo)udvu" ad' a u' si y hahvgdsv usmueahuy h' hDdv( u
 ghvehv' hu" ngu h?zd hDudv us Dh ues uovs" uas" ues uy svszv' hueah ugedi zczg)ugz((h gedv( u
 y hgh ;n edsv usmugsi huch;h cgusmunzesi ned' uy s' hggdv(AuuL neh guheuncuWMRRM9u' si yn hDup r u
 gzq%h' egJ u ' si y hahvgdsv usmugtven' ed' ncct u3gdi ych3 unvDu3' si ych,3 ughvehv' hg) unvDu
 atyse ahgdghDueaneueah u( h neh uDdmmd' zcet uh,yh  dhv' hDu" dea udv'  hngdv( u' si ych,det u" ngu
 nee dqzenqchues ueah uvhhDums u( h neh uy s' hggdv( u hgsz ' hgums ui s h u' si ych, ughvehv' hgAu
 Bsi shDnuheuncEguMRR2ugezDt uh,n i dvhDueahuhmmh' eusmudv'  hngdv( ugtven' ed' u' si ych,det usvu
 ' si y hahvgdsv uWzgdv( ueahuxh;dghDuBsohvuBhge9)unvDu' sv' czDhDueaneudv'  hnghDu' si ych,det u
 gd(vdmd' nvect unmmh' ehDu' si y hahvgdsv uqsea udv up r uynedhveg)unvDudv ueahd uvs i ncuhcDh ct u
 ' sve scgAuuBaht u' sv' czDhDueaneu3dvDd;dDzncgu' si i zvd' nedv( u" deaup r uynedhvegu' nvudi y s;h u
 ynedhvegEunqdcdet ues u' si y hahvDuqt ugyhnodv( udvugas e unvDugtven' ed' ncct ugdi ychughvehv' hg3u
 WyMFR9AuuS s" h;h  )ueaht un' ovs" chD(hueahucdi denedsvgusmueahuxh;dghDuBsohvuBhgeu" ad' auan;h u
 qhhvuDdg' zgghD)ums uh,n i ychuqt u. en' as" dno)uheuncuWMR??9unvDuL h(vh uheuncuWMRHO9)u" as uan;h u
 mszvDuyss u' s  h cnedsvguqhe" hhvuBsohvuBhgeuyh ms i nv' hunvDumzv'edsvncu' si y hahvgdsvu
 nqdcdetA
 32
C  &   !              $           ?%  ? 
. tven, u hi ndvgueahun hnusmu' si y hahvgdsv ueaneuanguqhhvui sgeudv;h ged(nehDudvueahucdeh nez hAu
 S s" h;h  )useah ungyh' eguan;h uncgs u h' hd;h DuneehvedsvAuu-n tchguWMRHO9u' si i hvegueaneup r u
 ynedhveguan;h uDdmmd' zcet udvuDheh' edv( unvDuzvDh genvDdv( uazi sz unvDugn ' ngi )unvDueadgudguqs vh u
 szeuqt ueahumdvDdv(gusmuI  si i unvDuS sccnvDuWMRHR9ueaneueahd ugzq%h' eguanDuyn ed' zcn uDdmmd' zcet u
 " deauvsvcdeh ncunvDunqge n' euzeeh nv' hg)ungu" hccungu" deaugn ' ngi unvDuazi sz AuuBahghumdvDdv(g)u
 ' szychDu" deaueasghugz' aunguxhdmm4?ah vhtEguWMRR29ugz((h geueaneueadgu" dccuqhunum zdemzcun hnums u
 mzez hu hghn ' aA
 P    %      &   !       
p vseah un hnusmuysehvedncudv;sc ;h gueahuzvDh genvDdv( usmuy svszvg Auup ' ' s Ddv( uesuGcnes" gon)u
 S ntn gad)u?n vvdes unvDuI chi dv( uWMRH89)ueah h unyyhn g ues uqhunu3cdmhgynv u' svedvzzi usmu
  hmh hvedncuDh' cdvhu" deadv ueah uvs i ncuysyzcnedsv uAAAuW"dea9ueah u hmh hvedncuy sqchi gusmu
 Dhi hvedv( udccvhgguyh anygu hy hghveWdv(9unvuh,e hi huh,ehvgdsv usmugz' aunu' svedvzzi 3uWy6O9Au
 C svszvg udvuyn ed' zcn uan;h uqhhvumszvDuesuy hghveuDdmmd' zcetuqseauh,y h ggd;h ctunvDu h' hyed;h ct u
 dvueahunyangd' uW-h os4j chngsv)uj ssD(cngg)uwqch )uj  hhv)uS tDhunvDuL hdve nzq)uMRH2unvDu
 Gcnes" gon)u/ s eaunvDuT n' nczgs4Sntvh g)uMRHM9unvDuvs i ncuhcDh ct uWGcnes" gonuheunc)uMRH80u
 ?sah v)uMR?R9uysyzcnedsvgA
 ?n vvdes uheuncuWMRHH9umszvDueaneudvueahuDdg' sz g huy sDz' edsv usmueahd ugzq%h' egu" deaup r ueah hu
 " h h ui n ohDuDdmmd' zcedhgudv ueah uzghusmuy svszvg )ui nvdmhgedv( udv unugd(vdmd' nvect uad(ah  u
 y sys e dsv usmuy svszvg unvDui s h u hmh hvedncuh  s g ueanvudvueahd uvs i ncugzq%h' egAuu. dv' hu
 y svszvg uycnt unvudi ys enveu schudvu hmh hv' hungu3gyh' dncui n oh gu" deadvunueh,eueaneuysdveuesu
 ch,d' ncudehi g)u" ad' audvuez vu hmh uesughi nved' uyn ed' dynveg3uWGcnes" gonuheunc)uMRH8)uy1?9u' csgh u
 h,n i dvnedsvusmueahunqdcdetusmupr uynedhveguesu' si y hahvDueahi ughhi gu"n  nvehDA
 U    %        &   !       
I nzgeuheuncuWMRR?9uh,n i dvhDu' si y hahvgdsvum si unuDdmmh hveuyh gyh' ed;h )uvni hct uh,ycndvdv()u
  neah ueanvuDhg'  dqdv( ugti yesi g)unvDu' sv' czDhDueaneusvh usmueahu' s h u' s(vded;h uDhmd' degu
 zvDh ctdv( u h' hyed;h uq hnoDs" vudvup r udgunumndcz h udvueahudvadqdes t ui h' anvdgi usmueahu
 " s odv( ui hi s tEgu' sve scugtgehi AuuBahd umdvDdv(gugz((h gehDueaneu" adchuh,' denes t uy s' hgghgu
  hi ndvhDuhgghvedncct udven' e)ueahunqdcdet ues uDdgdvadqdeud  hch;n veui neh dncu" ngudi ynd hDum si u
 ;h  t uhn ct udvueahuDdghnghuy s' hggAuuBadgunyyhn guesuan;h umn 4 hn' adv( udi ycd' nedsvg)uyn ed' zcn ct u
 neueahuDdg' sz ghuch;h cA
 33
Bs uDneh)ueah huanguqhhvucdeechu hghn ' a udves u' si y hahvgdsv uqhtsvD ueahu" s DunvDughvehv' hu
 ch;h cAuup ceasz(a ueadguDnenuzvDszqehDct unDDguesueahueahs h ed' ncuovs" chD(husmueahuvnez husmueahu
 cdv(zdged' uDhmd' deudvup r )udeuangu' sve dqzehDucdeechues ueahuzvDh genvDdv( usmueahumzv'edsvncuhmmh' eu
 sv ueahudvDd;dDzncAuuBahuK gsmeL umhnez hgusmuDdg' sz ghu' si y hahvgdsv uDhg'  dqhDudvumd(z h u1u
 W(sncg)uneedezDhgunvDui sed;n edsv9unvDueahu' sveh,eudvu" ad' audeuenohguycn' huan;h uzvDh (svh u;h  t u
 cdi dehDudv;h ged(nedsvAuuI z eah i s h )unceasz(a ueahucdeh nez h ugz((h geguyn ed' zcn ungyh' egusmu
 ' si y hahvgdsvu" ad' aun hui sgeu;zcvh nqch)u" deaueahuh,' hyedsvusmuBsi shDnuheuncuWMRR29)ueah hu
 an;h uqhhv umh" uneehi yegues uDdg' s;h  u" aheah ui nvdyzcnedv( ueahghungyh' egu" dccuhvanv' hu
 ' si y hahvgdsv unvDueazgumn' dcdenehudi y s;h Du' si i zvd' nedsvAuuwmuyn ed' zcn udveh hgeudgueaneu
 i nvt usmueahugezDdhguDhg'  dqhDuncczDhues ui neh dncunguqhdv( uK gdi ychL us uK ' si ych,L )uqzeueahghu
 eh i gun h uvseuDhmdvhDAuuC hgzi nqct u" aneudgugdi ychus u' si ych, ums usvh uyh gsv udguvseu
 vh' hggn dctugsums unvseah )uDhyhvDdv(usvuy ds uh,yh  dhv' hus u'sveh,eA
 34
CHAPTER ONI R
 D ETHNUNYNS V
 Thi s ti ui dynvsuhe gi tasheci sdi autyoi dsghi snegmtisprsghi s tpoAi l synsupl  ti hi naypnsynsz ' s
 end sheci shyvhAyvhgi d sapl i spr sghi syl  ptgengs l i ghpdpApvyueAsupnaydi tegypna srpt sygas
 ynci agyvegypnDssThyasuhe gi t spmgAyni asghi sl i ghpdpApv( smai dsynsghi sagmd(sendseggi l  gasgps
 ydi ngyr(srAe) aspts paayoAi sapmtui asprsittptsptsl yayngi t ti gegypnsynsghi stiamAgaD
 ,n sptdi t sgpseggi l  gsgpspci tupl i sapl i sprsghi s ygreAAasprsvtpm spt saynvAiwueai sdi ayvnafsghyas
 agmd(si l  Ap(i ds) hegsyasynsi aai nui sesupl  tpl yai soi g) i i nsopghbssesl mAgy Ai saynvAiwueai s
 di ayvnDssThyas) easri Agsgpsti  ti ai ngsghi sl pagsi rri ugyci sl i enasprsynci agyvegypnsaynui sygs) pmAds
 eAAp) sghi s i trptl enui spr syndycydmeAsamo.i ugasgp soi seneA(a i d send sdi autyoi dfs) hyAi seAaps
 eAAp) ynvsrptsghi sdyaumaypnsprsvtpm sgti ndaDssI yni s e tgyuy e ngas) i ti sghmasai Ai ugi dsynsptdi tsrpts
 ghi svtpm sgpsoisamrryuyi ngA(sAetvi srptsvtpm sgti ndasgpsoisagegyagyueAA(sceAydD
 z ,/ xsk- sTWMsxTR' 1
 9DssTpsydi ngyr( sAynvmyagyuscetyeoAi as) hyuhsreuyAygegi syl  tpci dsupl  ti hi naypnsegsghi sai ngi nui s
 Ai ci AD
 2Ds sTp sdi gi tl yni s) hi ghi t sghi sl eny mAegypn spr sghi ai scetyeoAi asuen sti amAgsyn syl  tpci ds
 upl  ti hi naypns) yghynsesrmnugypneAsdyaupmtai supngi ;gD
 3DssTpsdi gi tl yni syrsghi sa(agi l egyusl eny mAegypnsprsghi ai scetyeoAi asyasescyeoAi sl i ghpdsprs
 yngi tci ngypnsrpts egyi ngas) yghsz ' D
 qDssTpsdi autyoi sghi s e ggi tn spr supl  ti hi naypnsagti nvghasend sdi ryuygasahp) nso( sghi sz ' s
 amo.i ugaD
 "DssTpseggi l  gsgpsdi ci Ap sensi ; Aenegpt( sl pdi Asrptsghi s e ggi tnsprsupl  ti hi naypnsoti eSdp) ns
 ynsz ' D
 3"
Oz BT,4,O z I TsxM: M4T ,k I s
 Oetgyuy e ngas) i ti sai Ai ugi dseuuptdynvsgpsghi srpAp) ynvsutygi tyeb
 9D / i dyueAsdyevnpayasprs tpoe oAi sz ' seuuptdynvsgpsghi sdyevnpagyusutygi tyesa i uyryi dso(sghi s
 I ,I 4' xwz' B' z sgeaSsrptui sL/ uHhennsigseAfs9??qEssCemghyi tfs9???0D
 2D z AAs etgyuy e ngasgpsoisrytagsAenvmevi sMnvAyahsa i eSi taD
 3D Oetgyuy e ngasgpsheci shedsesl ynyl ml sprs?s(i etasprsrptl eAsi dmuegypnsynsptdi tsgpsl i i gs
 ghi sAynvmyagyusdil endasprsghi sgi ags tpui dmtiD
 qD I ps eagshyagpt(sprsnimtpApvyueAsdyai eai fs a(uhyegtyusyAAni aasptsamoagenui seomaiD
 "D 4ptti ugi dscyaypnsendshietynvs) yghynsnptl eAsAyl ygaD
 8D Oetgyuy e ngasgpsoi synsghi ssl yAdsgpsl pdi tegi sagevi asprsghi sdyai eai seasl i eamtidso( sghi s
 CApoeAs' i gi typtegypnsxueAi sLC' x0sLBiyaoi tvfs- i ttyasends4tppSf s9??20fsghegsyafs) yghs
 tegynvasprs3sptsqsrptsl yAds e gyi ngasends" spts8srptsl pdi tegi s e gyi ngasL%e(Ai afs%ppnifs
 Tpl pi defsxAemapnsendsHeaPnyeSfs9???09
 MghyueAsuAi etenui sgp smnditgeSi sghi sagmd(s) easvtengi d so( sghi sRnyci tayg( s4pl l yggi i srpts
 Bi ai etuh smaynvsWml en sxmo.i ugaDs s: yagaspr s pgi ngyeAs e tgyuy e ngas) i ti seu?myti d sghtpmvhs
 nmtaynvshpl i asa i uyeAyaynvsynsghi sueti sprsrteyAsiAdi tA( s e gyi ngaDssz rgi tspogeynynvsupnai ngsrtpl s
 ghi ytsni ;gwprwSynses ti Ayl ynet( syngi tcyi ) s) eashi Ads) yghsghi s e tgyuy e ngsendshyasptshi tsnmtaynvs
 ueti vyci ta sgp sdi gi tl yni syr sghi sai Ai ugypn sutygi tye s) i ti sl i gDs s,n sghi sueai spr sg) p spr sghi s
  e tgyuy e ngas) hpshedsnpsni ;gwprwSynfsupnai ngs) easvtengi dso( sghi sI mtaynvsxi tcyui as/ enevi ts
 prsghi snmtaynvshpl i fseugynvsynshi tsue e uyg(seasghi ytsumtegptDssz AAs e tgyuy e ngasendsghi ytsni ;gwprw
 Syns) i ti seaamtidsghegsghi ( supmAds) yghdte) srtpl sghi sagmd(segsen( sgyl i syrsghi ( s) yahi dsgpfsends
 ri i doeuSs) easvyci nsgpsrel yA(sl i l oi taso(sghi stiai etuhi ts) hi nsghyas) easti?miagi dD
 9sz uuptdynvsgpsBi yaoi tvsigseAsL9??20sesaupti sprs3spnsghi sC' xsyasupnaydi ti dsgpsti  t i ai ngsl yAdsupvnygyci sdiuAyni fses
 aupti sprsqsl pdi tegi fsesaupti sprs"sl pdi tegi A(sai ci ti fsendsesaupti sprs8sai ci ti supvnygyci sdiuAyni DssWp) i ci tfsghi s
 uegi vptyi asprs%e(Ai asigseAsL9???0sheci soii nsmai dsaynui saupti aspnsghi sz tyPpnes%eggi t(srpts4pl l mnyuegypns
 ' yaptdi tasprs' i l i ngyesLz %4 ' 0sL%e(Ai asendsTpl pi defs9??30seti syngi t t i gi dsynsghyas) e(D
 38
Oz BT,4,O z I Ts' Mx4B,OT,k I
 I yni s e tgyuy e ngas) hpsl i gsghi sai Ai ugypnsutygi tyes) i ti sai Ai ugi dfsendsdi l pvte hyusynrptl egypns
 yasaml l etyai dsynsTeoAi s9spns evi sq8Dss
 xmo.i ugastenvi dsynsevi srtpl s82sgps?Vs(i etafs) yghsesl i ensevi sprsN?f2s(i etaDssz AAsprsghi s
 amo.i ugasai Ai ugi ds) i ti sril eAi Dsss
 ,gs) easnpgi ) ptgh( sghegsprsghi se  tp;y l egi A( s"Vsnel i as tpcydi dsgpsghi sti ai etuhi tseas pgi ngyeAs
 amo.i ugafspnA( s2 s) i ti sl eAi fspni spr s) hpl samrriti d se shi ed syn.mt(sahptgA( soi rpti soi ynvs
 yngi tcyi ) i dfsendsghi sai upnds) hps) easrpmndsgpsoi samrritynvsrtpl sOetSynapn?as' yai eai DssThyasyas
 npgsupnayagi ngs) yghsghi svi ndi t sdyagtyomgypnsprsz ' sdi autyoi dsynsghi sAygi tegmtifsomgsai i l i dsgps
 ti rAi ugsghi snptl eAsdyagtyomgypnsynsnmtaynvshpl i aD
 - mtghi tl pti fseAAsprsghi samo.i ugas) i ti synagygmgypneAyai dDssThyasheasyl  ptgengsyl  Ayuegypnasrpts
 ghi sti ai etuh sryndynvasyn scyi ) spr sghi sti  ptgi d s pa ayoAi si rri ugaspr synagygmgypneAyaegypn spns
 upl l mnyuegypnsL:moynaSysends7 i AAendfs9??N0fsomgseAapsti rAi ugasghi sgti ndsrpt s) hygi sl yddAi s
 uAeaasi Adi tA( s i p Ai sgpsoi synagygmgypneAyai dsynsxpmghsz rtyueD2ssCyci nsghi sAeuSsprsreuyAygyi asends
 dyrri ti ngseggygmdiasgpsevynvfsghyasyasAySiA(sgpsoisdyrri ti ngsynspghi tsumAgmteAsvtpm aD
 ,n scyi ) sprsghi synaydypmasnegmtisprsghi sdyai eai s tpu i aafsygs) easnpgs pa ayoAi sgpsdi gi tl yni sghi s
 Ai nvghsprsgyl i saynui spnai gDssThyas) easi ;e ui toegi dso( sghi sdi Ae( synsti euhynvsesdyevnpayaDss,n s
 pnA( sg) psprsghi samo.i ugasai Ai ugi dsLzCsendsB40s) easghi sdyevnpayasprsz ' supnrytl i dso( ses
 ni mtpApvyagDssWp) i ci tfsghyase  i eti dsgpsti rAi ugsghi snptl synsrteyAwueti sreuyAygyi afs) yghsghi s
 pci t) hi Al ynvsl e.ptyg( sprs e gyi ngashecynvsghi ytsdyevnpayasamvviagi dso( sesvi ni teAs te ugygypni tDs
 Thi sp ynypnsi ; ti aai dso( sl en( sprsghi snmtaynvsagerrs) easghegsupnamAgegypns) yghsesni mtpApvyags
 pt svi tpngpApvyagsyasFnpgsni ui aaet(FDss4Ai etA(f sghyasheasci t( sretwtieuhynvsyl  Ayuegypnasrpts
 ti ai etuhsupndmugi dsynsghyasai ggynvDssz sayl yAet s tpoAi l s) yghs pa ayoA( syneuumtegi sdyevnpayas
 i ;yagasynsl muhsprsghi sAygi tegmtispnsz ' fs e tgyumAetA( synsghi spAdi tsagmdyi afs) yghsghi sti amAgsghegs
 ryndynvasl magsoisyngi t ti gi ds) yghsuemgypnD
 2Thi sl egtpnsprspni sprsghi snmtaynvshpl i aseggtyomgi dsghyasyns e tgsgpsghi shyvhstegi sprsi l yvtegypnfs
 ) yghsghi sti amAgsghegsl en( synagygmgypneAyai dsi Adi tA( s i p Ai sdpsnpgsheci suhyAdti nsti aydi ngsyns
 xpmghsz rtyueD
 3N
TeoAi s9DssOetgyuy e ngs' i auty gypn
               A  R        E !       S U N "  #
 9 ssz C - NV I mtaynvsWpl i ' i vti i 8
 2sssss ss' , - ?3 - teyAs4 eti xgds? " l pdi tegi s
 hi etynvsApaas
 dmisgpsoeaeAs
 aSmAsrteugmti s
 w9?8"
 3 ssB4 - 82 - teyAs4 eti ' i vti i 8
 q ssCz ssssss - ?V z APhi yl i t
 Rnyg
 /e gtyu 8
 " ss' ' - ?V z APhi yl i t
 Rnygs
 ' i vti i " %yw
 AynvmeA
 Mnv6z rt
 8 ss/7 - ?8 z APhi yl i t
 Rnygs
 9Vs(i eta
 RH
 8
 N ssMB - ?? - teyAs4 eti 92s(i eta
 z magteAye
 q hetdspr
 hi etynv
 ? ssxC - ?3 - teyAs4 eti /e gtyu q
 ? ss%7 - NV - teyAs4 eti xgds? "
 HM1b
 I mtaynvsWpl i bssOtpcydi asensyngi tl i dyegi sAi ci Asprsueti DssI mtaynvsam  pt gsyaseceyAeoAi s) hi ti sni ui aaet(fsomgsestenvi sprs
 hi eAgh(sendsyAAsiAdi tA(s i tapnasti aydi sghi ti D
 - teyAs4 eti bssx i uyeAsrteyAsueti smnygsprsI mtaynvsWpl i syns) hyuhseAAs e gyi ngasti ?myti sapl i sAi ci Asprs h(ay ueAsueti DssWyvhi ts
 tegypsprsnmtaiasgps e gyi ngaD
 z APhi yl i tsRnygbss:pu Sidsaiugypnsprs- teyAs4 eti smnygfsa i uyryueAA(srptsghi sueti sprsdi l i ngynvs e gyi ngaDssOegyi ngaseti smneoAi s
 gpsAi eci smnam itcyaidD
 3?
OBk 4M' RBM
 9DssThi sCApoeAs' i gi typtegypnsxueAi sLC' x0sLBiyaoi tv si gseAfs9??20s) easedl ynyagi ti dsgpsghi s
 ueti vyci tasprseAAsz ' samo.i ugasgpsi ageoAyahsghi sagevi sprsghi sdyai eai s tpu i aaDssThyasl i eamtis) eas
 ai Ai ugi dseasygsyasupnaydi ti dsgpsti rAi ugsghi s tpvti aaypnsprsghi sdyaptdi t seuumtegi A(f sgeSiasyngps
 upnaydi tegypnsumAgmteAfsi dmuegypneAsendsapuypwiupnpl yusoyeai asLBiyaoi tvsi gseAfs9??20sendsyas
 upnaydi ti dsgpsoi si ea( srptsa i i uhs e ghpApvyagasgpsedl ynyagi tsL%e(Ai asi gseAfs9???0DssThi sC' xs
 upnayagasprses8s pyngstegynvsaueAi s) hyuhsuheteugi tyai asghi sai ci tyg( sprsupvnygyci sdi uAyni sends
 l e(soi sedl ynyagi ti dso(srel yA(sl i l oi tasptsnmtaynvsueti vyci taDs
 2DssThi sz tyPpnes%eggi t( srpt s4pl l mnyuegypns' yaptdi tasprs' i l i ngyesLz%4' 0ssL%e(Ai asends
 Tpl pi defs9??30s) easedl ynyagi ti dsgpseAAsamo.i ugasynsptdi tsgpspogeyns?mengygegyci synrptl egypns
 pnsAenvmevi s i trptl enui DssThyasgi agsyasesupl  ti hi nayci sl i eamtisprses) ydi stenvi sprsAynvmyagyus
 geaSasendsapl i snpnwAynvmyagyusgeaSasSnp) nsgpsoi scmAni teoAi sgpsghi sdi l i ngynvs tpu i aasLivDs
 cyameAs i tui  gypn0Dss,gseAapsynuAmdiasestenvi sprsi  yapdyusendsai l engyusl i l pt( sgeaSaDssThi s
 z %4' sheasoi i nsahp) nsgpsheci shyvhsceAydyg( sendsgi agwtigi agsti AyeoyAyg( sL%e(Ai asendsTpl pi defs
 9??30sendfsynseddygypnsgpsghi snptl egyci sdegesveghi ti dsmaynvsz l i tyuensamo.i ugafsygsheaseAaps
 oi i nsmai dsamuui aarmA( synsghi sRnygi dsHynvdpl sLztl agtpnvfs%ptgh) yuSfs%e(Ai asendsTpl pi defs
 9??80sendsxpmghsz rtyuesLxpnni noi tvfs9??"0Dss4i tgeynsede gegypnas) i ti sl edi sgpsghi sgi agsyns
 ptdi tsgpsl eSi sygse  tp ty egi srptsxpmghsz rtyuensmai fsendsghi ai seti sdigeyAi dsynsz   i ndy;sz D
 3DssThi sai ngi nui supl  ti hi naypnsgeaSasdi autyoi dsoi Ap) s) i ti sedl ynyagi ti dDssThi sgeaSaseti s
  ti ai ngi dsynsrmAsynsz   i ndy;s%D
 qDssThi sdyaupmtai supl  ti hi naypnsgeaSasdi autyoi dsoi Ap) sL ti ai ngi dsynsz   i ndy; s40s) i ti s
 edl ynyagi ti dsendsemdypge i dsti a pna i aseneA(a i dDssz stendpl sael  Ai sprspni sghytd sprsghi s
 ti a pna i as) easeneA(a i dso( sesai upndsa i i uhwAenvmevi sghi te yagsendsyngi twtegi tsti AyeoyAyg( s) eas
 di gi tl yni dDssz s i tui ngevi sevti i l i ngsprs?2j s) easti euhi dfs) hyuhfseuuptdynvsgps/ uBi (npAdas
 endsHi etnasL9??30samvviagasghegsghi sevti i l i ngsupmAdsnpgsoiseggtyomgi dsgpsuhenui Dss
 z AAsgi agynvs) easupndmugi dsynsghi snmtaynvshpl i afsynses?myi gfsrel yAyetfspni wgpspni si ncytpnl i ngs
 LmameAA( sghi samo.i ug?astppl 0DssTi agynvs) easupndmugi dspci tsesl ynyl ml sprsrpmtsgpsesl e;yl ml s
 prsay; sai aaypnasLdi i ndynvspnsghi sni i dasprsghi samo.i ug0segse  tp;y l egi A( sghi sael i sgyl i si euhs
 de( synsptdi tsgpsupl  i naegi srptsamo.i uga?sregyvmisendsyl  e yti dsupnui ngtegypnDs' misgpsyAAni aafses
 3?
 i typdsprsgi nsde(asai  e tegi dsghi sghytdsendsrpmtghsgi agynvsai aaypnsrptsamo.i ugs' ,fsomgsghyashedsnps
 npgyui eoAi sirri ugspnshits i trptl enui D
 xMI TMI 4Ms4k / OBMWMI x,k I sTz xH
 Omt pai sprsgeaS
 ,n sptdi t sgpsydi ngyr( sAynvmyagyuscetyeoAi as) hyuhsl e( sreuyAygegi syl  tpci dsupl  ti hi naypnfses
 ai ngi nui supl  ti hi naypnsgeaSs) easdi ci Ap i dsyns) hyuhsa i uyryusAynvmyagyuscetyeoAi asupmAdsoi s
 eaai aai d syndycydmeAA(Ds s%e(Ai asend sHeaPnyeSsL9??N0samvviagsghegsl eny mAegypn spr sghi s
 rpAAp) ynvscetyeoAi asl e(serri ugsupl  ti hi naypnb
 a(ngeugyusupl  Ai ;yg(Esmai spr sti ri ti nui Esci toeAsumisagti nvghEsdyti ugni aaEsAygi teAyg(Esyn mgs
 l pdeAyg(Eseoagteugni aasprsgp yuEs tp pa ygypneAyg(Es) ptdsrti ?minu(Estegi sprsa i i uhEs) ptdsuAeaaEs
 endsyl evi eoyAyg(D
 - pmtsprsghi ai scetyeoAi as) i ti sai Ai ugi dsrptsynci agyvegypnsynsghi s ti ai ngsagmd(fsnel i A( sa(ngeugyus
 upl  Ai ;yg(f sti ri ti nui sLa i uyryueAA(fs tpnpmna0fsAygi teAyg( sendsdyti ugni aafsendsghi stegypneAi srpts
 ghi sai Ai ugypnsprsi euhsyasdyaumai dsoi Ap) DssThi s e tgyumAetsrpmts) i ti sai Ai ugi dspnsghi soeayasopghs
 prs ti cypmasti ai etuhsendspnsghi yt s i tceayci ni aasynsnptl eAsupnci taegypneAsa i i uhsendsghmas
 ghi ytsel i neoyAyg(sgpsl eny mAegypnso(sueti vyci taDssss
 BegypneAi srptsai Ai ugypnsprsgi agsygi l a
 9Dss $          %&      $
 z asheasoi i nsdyaumai dsynsuhe gi ts3fsa(nge; syasghi spnA( spni sprsghi srpmtscetyeoAi asai Ai ugi dsghegs
 heasti ui yci dsa(agi l egyuseggi ngypnsynsz ' s e gyi ngaDss,n sptdi t sgpsael  Ai sescetyi g( sprsa(ngeugyus
 upndygypnafsrpmtsa(ngeugyueAA(supl  Ai ;sai ngi nui sg( i as) i ti smai dsynsghi sryneAsgeaSfsnel i A(b
 wsai l engyueAA(sti ci tayoAi s eaayci asLivDsghi sop(s) easSyaai dso(sghi svytA0
 wsui ngti wil oi ddi dstiAegyci suAemai asLivDsghi sl ensghegsghi s pAyui l ensuheai dshedsesvmn0s
 wsoirpti wergi tsupnagtmugypnasLivDsoirpti sdpynvsghi s) eahynvfsahi sa) i  gsghi srAppt0
 wsupl  e tegyci asLivDsghi sop(syasgeAAi tsghensghi svytA0
 Thi ai srpmtsg( i as) i ti sai Ai ugi dseaseAAsheci soi i nsi ;e l yni dsoi rpti fseasdyaumai dsynsuhe gi ts3s
 endseti sSnp) nsgpsoi s e tgyumAetA( s tpoAi l egyusrptsyndycydmeAas) yghsni mtpvinyusupl l mnyuegypns
 dyaptdi taDssOpaayoA( sl pti syl  ptgengA(fshp) i ci tfsygs) easri Agsgpsoi sdi ayteoAi sgpsai Ai ugsg( i asprs
 a(ngeugyusupnagtmugypns) hyuhseti sti rAi ugyci sprsnptl eAsupnci taegypnfsteghi tsghensci t( supl  Ai ;f s
 qV
omgsl pti srptl eAsai ngi nui sg( i aDs- pmtsai ngi nui sg( i as) i ti sai Ai ugi d sgp sge se stenvi sprs
 upnagtmugypnafsomgsghyasyasri Agsgpsoi se s) i eSniaafseasghi sAyl ygi dspuumttinui spr si euhsg( i s
  ti uAmdidsvini teAyaegypnD
 2DssP#    !   
z ashyvhAyvhgi dsynsuhe gi ts3fs tpnpmnasheci soi i nsynci agyvegi dsl pagA( synsti Aegypnsgpsi ; ti aayci s
 AenvmeviDss' puml i ngi dsdyrryumAg( synsghi smai sprs tpnpmnaseas) i AAseasghi yt sui ngteAstpAi seas
 ti ri ti ngasynsdyaupmtai sAi dsghi sti ai etuhi t sgpsh( pg hi ayai sghegsghi sl eny mAegypnsprs tpnpmnas
 ) pmAdsoi sensyl  ptgengscetyeoAiDssz uuptdynvA(fsghi sghytds i tapnsaynvmAetsends AmteAs tpnpmnas
 Lhifsahi fsygsendsghi (0s) i ti seaai aai dsynsamo.i ugsendspo.i ugsrptl synsai l engyueAA( sti ci tayoAi s
 ai ngi nui afsend supl  ti hi naypn spr sghi ai sai ngi nui as) ea supl  e ti d sgp supl  ti hi naypn sprs
 eneApvpmasai ngi nui asupngeynynvsnpmnaDss
 3DssU #        
z a smai spr syndyti ugsa i i uh seuga send snpnwAygi teAsAenvmevi sya suheteugi tyagyu spr s l muhs
 upnci taegypneAsdyaupmtai fsendsynscyi ) sprsghi sryndynvasghegsz ' samo.i ugasheci sdyrryumAgyi as) yghs
 l en( spr sghi sea i ugaspr sAenvmevi seaapuyegi d s) ygh styvhgshi l ya hi ti soteyn sdel evi fsghi s
 upl  ti hi naypnsprsdyti ugni aasendsAygi teAyg(s) i ti sai i nseasyl  ptgengscetyeoAi aD
 ,ndyti ugsa i i uhseugasheci soi i nsdi ryni dso( sxi etAi sL9?N"fsuygi dso( s7 yAup;f s' ecyasends: i pnetdfs
 9?N?fs 38q0seasFghi sa i eSi tsupl l mnyuegLynv0sgpsghi shi eti tsl pti sghenshi seugmeAA(sae(aso(s) e( s
 pr sti A(ynv spn sghi yt sl mgmeAA( saheti d soeuSvtpmndsynrptl egypnfsopgh sAynvmyagyusend snpnw
 Aynvmyagyufsgpvi ghi t s) yghsghi svi ni teAs p) i tasprstegypneAyg( sendsynri ti nui spnsghi s e tgsprsghi s
 hi eti tFDssz uuptdynvsgps' ecyasends7 yAup; sL9??"0supngtpci ta( si ;yagasti vetdynvsghi s tpu i aaynvs
 pr syndyti ugsa i i uh seugaso( snptl eAsa i eSi taDs sk ni sl pdi As tp pa i asghegsghi ti seti sghti i s
  tpu i aaynvsagevi abssl eSynvsesAygi teAsyngi t ti gegypnsprsghi smgi tenui Esdigi tl ynynvs) hi ghi tsghi s
 mgi tenui syasupnayagi ngs) yghsghi supngi ;gEsendfsyrsynupnayagi ngs) yghsghi supngi ;gfsynri ttynvses
 npnAygi teAsyngi t ti gegypnDssz npghi tsl pdi Asamvviagasghegsapl i srptl asprsyndyti ugsa i i uhsl e( soi s
 mnditagppdsemgpl egyueAA(s) yghpmgsghi sAygi teAsyngi t ti gegypnsagi  Ds
 4pl  ti hi naypnsprsyndyti ugsa i i uhseugasheasoi i nsi ;e l yni dsynse he ayusL7 yAup; si gseAfs9?N?Es
 Wytagfs: i s' pm;sendsxgi ynfs9??q0sendstyvhgshi l ya hi ti soteynsdel evi dsLBW%' 0sLWytagsi gseAfs
 9??q0samo.i ugasendsghi yt sti amAgasam  ptg sghi snpgypnsprsesaynvAi sagevi dfsupngi ;gmeAA( soeai ds
 l pdi Asprs tpu i aaynvDss7 hyAi sBW%' samo.i ugasupmAdsmnditagendsdyti ugs?miagypnafsomgsnpgs
 q9
yndyti ugsti ?miagafse he ayusamo.i ugasynsWytagsi gseA?asL9??q0sagmd(ss) i ti seoAi sgpsmnditagends
 yndyti ugsti ?miagasi ci ns) hi ti sghi ( supmAdsnpgsmnditagendsdyti ugs?miagypnasLoiuemai sprsa(ngeugyus
 upl  ti hi naypn s tpoAi l a0Ds sThi ( seggtyomgi sghya sgp se he ayu s e gyi nga?samui aarmAsmai sprs
 upngi ;gmeAsynrptl egypnDssThyasteyai asyngi ti agynvsyl  Ayuegypnasrpts e gyi ngas) yghsz ' s) hpsl e( s
 heci sl pti sdyrryumAg(synsmaynvsptsmnditagendynvsupngi ;gmeAsynrptl egypnD
 qDssY   #     $
 Thi supl  ti hi naypn spr snpnwAygi teAsAenvmevi sdi  i ndaspn sen syngi vtegypn spr sAenvmevi sends
 upngi ;gDssWp) i ci tfsapl i sl i ge hpta seti smai dsapsupl l pnA( sghegsghi ytsnpnwAygi teAsl i enynvsyas
 yl l i dyegi A( smnditagppdso( snptl eAsAyagi ni tasendsupl  ti hi naypnsyasghmasAi aasdi  i ndi ngspns
 upngi ;gspt saheti dsSnp) Ai dvi DssThi ai seti sSnp) nseasFdiedFspt sFrtpPi nFsl i ge hpta fsprgi ns
 ti ri tti dsgpseasFydypl aFsendsupl  ti hi naypnsprsghi ytsnpnwAygi teAsl i enynvse  i etasgpsoi si eayi ts
 ghensghi sAygi teAsl i enynvsL' ecyasends7 yAup;fs9??"0D
 xynui sFnegmteAsupl l mnyuegypnsyasryAAi ds) yghsydypl fsl i ge hpt sendsytpn(FsL' ecyasends7 yAup;f s
 9??"f s 2V0sendsupl  ti hi naypnsprsnpnwAygi teAsmgi tenui asyasSnp) nsgpsoi syl  e yti dsynsapl i s
 ni mtpApvyueAA( syncpAci ds p mAegypnasLivDsBW%' 0fsAygi teAyg( s) easai Ai ugi dseasghi sryneAscetyeoAi s
 gpsoi seaai aai dDssTi nsupl l pnA( smai dsydypl as) i ti sai Ai ugi dsendsghi ytsupl  ti hi naypnsupl  e ti ds
 gpsupl  ti hi naypnsprsAygi teAsmgi tenui aD
 Ti ags4pnagtmugypnsendsz dl ynyagtegypn
 - pmtsamogi agas) i ti supnagtmugi dfsi euhsgetvi gynvspni sprsghi sai Ai ugi dscetyeoAi aDssM;e l  Ai asprs
 i euhseti s ti ai ngi dsynsTeoAi s2spnsghi srpAAp) ynvs e vi DssMeuhsamogi agseaai aai dsupl  ti hi naypnsprs
 ghi sael i s tp pa ygypnasmndit se sFayl  Ai Fsend se sFupl  Ai ;F supndygypn sdi  i ndynv spn sghi s
 l eny mAegypnsprsghi sti Ai cengscetyeoAiDssx(ngeugyusupl  Ai ;yg( s) easgetvi gi dsynsghi srytagsamogi agfs
 endsagyl mAysynsghi sayl  Ai supndygypnsdi  i ndi dspnsghi snegmtisprsghi supl  Ai ; sagyl mAmasLivDs
 eugyci sai ngi nui asrpts e aayci afsg) ps tp pa ygypnasrptsui ngti wil oi ddi dsti Aegyci suAemai a0Dss,nsghi s
 ai upndsamogi ags tpnpmnas) i ti sgetvi gi dfs) yghsnpmnasoi ynvsmai dsynsghi sayl  Ai supndygypnsends
  tpnpmnasynsghi supl  Ai ;Dss,n sghi sghytdsamogi agsLdyti ugni aa0fsghi sayl  Ai sagyl mAysupnayagi dsprs
 dyti ugsmgi tenui asendsghi supl  Ai ; sprsyndyti ugDss,nsghi srpmtghsamogi agsLAygi teAyg(0fsagyl mAysynsghi s
 ayl  Ai supndygypns) i ti sAygi teAsendsynsghi supl  Ai ;s) i ti snpnwAygi teAfsupl l pnsydypl aDs
 q2
TeoAi s2bssM;e l  Ai asprsagyl mAysrtpl sieuhsamogi agsprsghi sai ngi nui supl  ti hi naypnsgeaS
  ! ?        %!  !      %&    !    #  
  %&             
   %!  !      %&    
!    #    %&     
         
P   ! #      %!   
x(nge; - ytagsahi sa) i  gsghi srApptfs
 ghi n s ahi s ) eahi d s ghi s
 dyahi a
 %irpti s) eahynvsghi s
 dyahi a s ahi s a) i  gs
 ghi srAppt
 Otpnpmna Thi sop(suheai dsghi sdpv Wi suheai dsyg
 ' yti ugni aa xgp sdtycynvsapsreag z ti s ) i s oi ynvs
 uheai dG
 : ygi teAyg( Wi syascit(she  ( Wi s ya s pci t s ghi s
 l ppn
 q3
Meuhsamogi agsupnayagi dsprsgi nsmgi tenui afsi euhseaai aai dsmnditsghi sayl  Ai sLx0sendsupl  Ai ; sL40s
 upndygypnasJ sghegsyafsg) psci taypnasprsghi sael i sgi nsmgi tenui as i t samogi agDssThi snml oi t sprs
 agyl mAys i tsamogi ags) easti agtyugi dsgpsgi nsynsptdi tsgpsti agtyugsghi sAi nvghsprsghi supl  Ai gi sgi agfsends
 gpsreuyAygegi supnui ngtegypnsrpt sghi sedl ynyagtegypnsprspni supndygypnsprses) hpAi samogi agDssThyas
 ) eafshp) i ci tfsai i nseasesl e.ptsAyl ygegypnsprsghi sagmd(fsaynui sghi sti agtyugi dsael  Ai synuti eai ds
 ghi sAySiAyhppdsprsuhenui stia pna i aD
 xgyl mAmas yugmtias) i ti sdte) nso(sesryni setgasagmdingDss-ptsamogi agas9fs2sendsqfs etgyuy e ngas) i ti s
 ti ?myti dsgps pyngsgpsghi suptti ugs yugmtisti rAi ugynvsghi svyci nsagyl mAmaDssThi sael i s yugmtias) i ti s
 mai dsrptsopghsayl  Ai sendsupl  Ai ; supndygypnasynsghi sa(nge;f s tpnpmnasendsdyti ugni aasamogi agaDs
 TtedygypneAsai ngi nui supl  ti hi naypnsgeaSas) hyuhsmgyAyai sghi s yugmtisydi ngyryuegypnsl i ghpds
 upl  tyai sghi suptti ugs yugmtisendsghti i sdyagteugptaDss4e tel ePPesends? mtyrsL9?N80sdyaumasghi s
 yl  ptgenui sprsghi sdyagteugptsygi l afs pyngynvspmgsghegsesuptti ugsuhpyui suensoi sl edi spnsghi soeayas
 prs e tgyeAsynrptl egypnsendsagti aaynvsghi sni i dsrpt supngtpAsprsi euhs tp pa ygypnsynsesai ngi nui Ds
 Thyas) easedhi ti dsgpsynsagyl mAys) hyuhsupngeyni dsl mAgy Ai s tp pa ygypnaDss- pt si ;e l  Ai syns
 x(ngeugyus4pl  Ai ;yg(f srpt sghi sygi l sFghi sl ensghegsghi s pAyui l ensuheai dshedsesvmnFfsghi s
 dyagteugpt sygi l as) i ti s pAyui l ens) yghsvmnsuheai asl enfsl ens) yghsvmnsuheai as pAyui l enfs
  pAyui l ensuheai asl ens) yghsagpAi nsvppdaDssWp) i ci tfsynsghi sOtpnpmnasends: ygi teAyg( samogi agafs
 ) hi ti supl  ti hi naypnsprsesaynvAi s tp pa ygypnspnA( s) easgetvi gi dfspnA( sg) ps yugmtias) i ti s
  ti ai ngi dDss7hyAi sghi suhpyui sprspnA(sg) ps yugmtiasynuti eai asghi s tpoe oyAyg(sprsvmiaaynvfstiamAgas
 prs yApgynvsyndyuegi dsghegsz ' samo.i ugas) i ti sAi aasdyagteugi dfsendsAi aasAySiA( sgps pyngsgpsl pti s
 ghenspni s yugmtifspt snpgsti a pnd segseAAfs) hi ns ti ai ngi ds) yghspnA( sg) ps yugmtiaDs- pt sghi s
 Aygi teAyg( samogi agfsmnditsghi supl  Ai ; supndygypnfsghi s yugmtisagyl mAysupnaygi dsprsghi sgetvi gsLivDs
 ensenvt( sAppSynvs i tapn0sendsesAygi teAsyngi t ti gegypnsLivDsapl i pni sAygi teAA( s5ai i ynvsti dJ 0Ds
 Wp) i ci tfsghi sAygi teAsyngti t ti gegypns yugmtisagyl mAmas) easnpgsri Agsgpsoi sApvyueAsrptsghi sayl  Ai s
 upndygypnfsendsghi s yugmtisagyl mAysmndit sghyasupndygypnsghmasupnayagi d spr se sgetvi gsendses
 gtedygypneAsdyagteugptsygi l sLivDsrpt sghi sygi l s5hi syashe  (J fsghi s yugmtisagyl mAys) i ti seshe  ( s
  i tapnsendsensenvt( s i tapn0Dss7 hyAi sygs) easri Agsgpsoi sdi ayteoAi srpt si euhscetyeoAi sgpsoi s
 eaai aai dsynsghi sael i sl enni tfsghi seaai aal i ngsprsupl  ti hi naypnsprsyndyti ugsa i i uhseugaso( s
  pyngynvsgpsesuhpyui sprs yugmtisagyl mAysyasl pti sdyrryumAgDssk ghi t sti ai etuhi tasLivDsWytagsi gseAfs
 9??q0synci agyvegynv sghyaseti e sheci s ti ai ngi d scydi pge i d scyvni ggi afs) hi ti samo.i ugas) i ti s
 ti ?myti dsgpsyndyuegi s) hi ghi t sghi seugpta?sti a pna i as) i ti se  tp ty egi spt snpgDss,n sghi sumttings
 ti ai etuhfses yugmtidsupngi ;gs) eas ti ai ngi dsLivDsesupm Ai synsesa i i dynvsuet0sgpvi ghi ts) yghsghi s
 agyl mAmasLsFz ti s) i soi ynvsuheai dGF0DssThi s e tgyuy e ngas) i ti sghi nseaSidsF7 hegsdpi asahi s
 qq
l i enG67 hegsdpi asahi s) engshyl sgp sdpGFDs sxmo.i ugas) i ti sghmasti ?myti d sgp s tpcy di sens
 i ; ti aayci sti a pna i synsghyasamogi agfsynsupngteagsgpsghi s pyngynvsti a pna i asprsghi spghi tsamogi agafs
 ) hyuhsheasyl  ptgengsyl  Ayuegypnasopghsrptsauptynvsendsrptsyngi t ti gegypnD
 Thi s ti ai ngegypnsptdi t sprsamogi agasendsayl  Ai sendsupl  Ai ; supndygypnas) eastendpl yai dsends
 npsptdi tsi rri ugs) easi cydi ngsdmtynvs yApgynvDssxgyl mAys) i ti sti  i egi dsyrsghi ti s) easnpsti a pna i fs
 pt syr s e tgyuy e ngasti ?miagi d sti  i gygypnsLti i gygypns) easnpgi d smndit s?meAygegyci supl l i ng0Ds
 Oetgyuy e ngaK sti a pna i asgpsamogi ags3s) i ti sge i wtiuptdi dsendsptghpvte hyueAA( sgtenautyoi dDs
 Bi a pna i asgpsamogi agas9fs2sendsqs) i ti sl etSi dseasuptti ugsptsynuptti ugDss,nseddygypnfs?meAygegyci s
 upl l i ngas) i ti sl edi spnsghi saupti ahi i gswsghi ai sti Aegi dsgpseti easamuhseasti a pna i sAegi nu(f s
 ti ?miagasrpt suAetyryuegypnfsendsupl l i ngaspnsghi sagyl mAmaDsss,r sghi s e tgyuy e ngsuhenvi dshi ts
 ti a pna i sLeaspuumttid srti ?mingA(0fsghyas) easeAap syndyuegi dDs s7 hi n sghyashe  i ni dfsghi s
 ti ai etuhi tsti  i egi dsghi sagyl mAmasendstiuptdi dsghi sryneAsuhpyui seasghi stia pna i D
 OyApgsagmd(sprsai ngi nui supl  ti hi naypnsl egi tyeAa
 z s yApgsagmd(s) easupndmugi dsmaynvsryci synagygmgypneAyai dsz ' s e tgyuy e ngaDssThi seyl sprsghyas
 agmd(s) easgpsi ceAmegi sghi sgi agsl egi tyeAafsgpsynci agyvegi sghi sptdi tsprsamogi ags ti ai ngegypnsendsgps
 ynci agyvegi sl i ghpdasprsauptynvDss- pAAp) ynvsghyafsede gegypnas) i ti sl edi sgpsghi sx(ngeugyus
 4pl  Ai ;yg( samogi agbsynygyeAsygi l as) yghsti Aegyci suAemai ashedsoi i ns ti ai ngi dsynsghi s e aayci s
 cpyui fsghmasgetvi gynvsg) psea i ugasprsupl  Ai ;yg( synsi euhsygi l Dss- pt sghi sryneAsgeaSfsti Aegyci s
 uAemai as) i ti s ti ai ngi d synsghi seugyci scpyui fsend s e aayci as) i ti seaai aai d sai  e tegi A(Dssz as
 dyaumai ds ti cypmaA(f snpsptdi tsi rri ugs) easnpgi dDss4Ai etsdyrri ti nui asoi g) i i ns i trptl enui syns
 ghi sayl  Ai send supl  Ai ; supndygypnasi l i tvi d srpt seAAscetyeoAi aDs sWp) i ci tf s?mengygegyci s
 dyrri ti nui as) i ti sal eAAsrpt sapl i s e tgyuy e ngasfseAghpmvhsghi ti s) i ti sl etSi d s?meAygegyci s
 dyrri ti nui asLghi ai synuAmdidsaAp) i ts tpu i aaynvfsl pti sti  i gygypnsprsghi sagyl mAmasoi ynvsti ?myti ds
 endsa pngeni pmaseggi l  gasgpsayl  Ayr( sghi sagyl mAma0DssThyasyndyuegi dsghi sni i dsrpts?meAygegyci s
 eneA(ayasprs etgyuy e nga?stia pna i aD
 ' ,x 4k RBxMs4k / OBMWMI x,k I sTz xH
 BegypneAi srptsdyaupmtai sgeaS
 Thi ti sya sen seomndenui spr sAygi tegmti s) hyuh supnrytl a sghegs  i trptl enui spn sai ngi nui s
 upl  ti hi naypnsgeaSasyasnpgsni ui aaetyA( ses ti dyugptsprs i trptl enui segsghi sAi ci Asprsdyaupmtai s
 q"
upl  ti hi naypnfsptsynstieAwAyri supnci taegypnsLivDs%tppSahyti sendsI yuhpAeafs9??qEs7 i vni tsigseAfs
 9??qEsxgeuhp) yeSsi gseAfs9?NNEs%pAi tfs4pAi fsL tgmnaSyfsOeggi tapnsendsHyl fs9?N?Es4e  Aensends
 Mcenafs9??VEs4e nnygpfsM eti uSysendsOyi tui fs9??80Dss%tppSahyti sendsI yuhpAeasL9??q0sends
 xgeuhp) yeSsi gseAsL9?NN0srpmndsghegse he ayusamo.i ugasupl  ti hi ndsdyaupmtai soi ggi tsghensghi (sdps
 yndycydmeAsai ngi nui af s) hyuh sghi ( seggtyomgi sgp sghi svti egi t seceyAeoyAyg( spr supngi ;g sends
 ti dmndenu(fseas) i AAseasghi sghi l i sprsesdyaupmtai Dss' i s%iemvtendi sL9??Vfsuygi dso( s%tppSahyti s
 end s I yuhpAeaf s 9??q0 s eaai tga s ghegs  te vl egyu s Snp) Ai dvi s ya s yl  ptgengs yn s dyaupmtai s
 upl  ti hi naypn saynui sygseAAp) a sghi sAyagi ni t sgp sl eSi syngi t ti gegypna sti Aegyci sgp saheti ds
 Snp) Ai dvi soi g) i i nsa i eSi tsendsAyagi ni tDss- mtghi tl pti fshi sagegi asghegsreugptasamuhseasl i l pt(f s
 dyagteugypnasendseggi ngypnsahyrgaseti sl pti syl  ptgengsynsdyaupmtai supl  ti hi naypnsghensyns
 ai ngi nui supl  ti hi naypnDssThyasuAi etA( sheasyl  ptgengsyl  Ayuegypnasynsghi sdi l i ngyes p mAegypns
 ) hpsheci s) i AAsdpuml i ngi dsyl  e ytl i ngasynsl i l pt(sendseggi ngypnD
 xynui sesl e.ptseyl sprsghyasagmd(s) easgpsi ceAmegi sghi si rryueu( sprsghi sl eny mAegypnsprsAynvmyagyus
 cetyeoAi asynsyl  tpcy nvsupl  ti hi naypnsynsupnci taegypnfsygs) easri Agsgpsoi syl  ptgengsgpsdpsaps
 mndit seasrmnugypneAsupndygypnaseas pa ayoAi Ds sz as%tppSahyti send sI yuhpAeasL9??qfs 3"0 s
 upl l i ngsFDDDs ti dyugypnaseopmgsDDDsAyagi ni ta?supl  ti hi naypnsprsdyaupmtai synsdeyA(wAyri saygmegypnas
 ahpmAd soi soeai d sm pnsael  Ai aspr sghi yt s i trptl enui spn sdyaupmtai fsend snpgsm pnsghi yts
  i trptl enui spnsgtedygypneAsgi agasprsupl  ti hi naypnsupl  pa i ds tyl etyA( sprsaynvAiwai ngi nui s
 agyl mAyFD
 TeaSs4pnagtmugypn
 4e  Aen send sMcenasL9??V0si ceAmegi d sghi si rri ugspr sl eny mAegynv sa(ngeugyusupl  Ai ;yg( syns
 e he ayus e gyi ngaso( seaai aaynvsupl  ti hi naypnsynsopghsai ngi nui asendsdyaupmtai Ds,nsghi ytsagmd(fs
 i euhsa(ngeugyusupl  Ai ;yg( scetyeoAi s) eas ti ai ngi dsynsesai ngi nui sendsynsesdyaupmtai DssWp) i ci tfs
 rpt sghi s mt pa i sprsghyasagmd(fsesl pti sFtieAwAyri Fsdyaupmtai sgeaSs) easti ?myti dfs) yghpmgsamuhs
 tyvyd s upngtpAspr s cetyeoAi aDs s ' yaupmtai s l egi tyeAa s ) i ti s ghmas ti ?myti d s ) hyuh s upmAds
 ayl mAgeni pmaA(sl eny mAegi seAAsprsghi scetyeoAi asmnditsynci agyvegypnDss
 I ettegyci sdyaupmtai s) easai Ai ugi dseasygsyasri Agsgpsoi sti  ti ai ngegyci sprsghi sg( i sprsdyaupmtai syns
 ) hyuhsensz ' s e gyi ngsyasAySiA( sgpsi nvevi s) yghsesueti vyci t sLivDsgi AAynvsghi s e gyi ngseopmgs
 eugycygyi asprsesvtenduhyAd0DssT) psg( i asprsdyaupmtai s) i ti sghi nsai Ai ugi dsrptsghi sagmd(bssesreoAi s
 geaSfsendsesFumttingserreytaFsnettegyci soeai dspnsesni) a e  i tsetgyuAiD
 q8
z sreoAi s) easuhpai nseasreoAi aseti sesnettegyci svi nti s) hyuhsheasmnditvpni sdi geyAi dsti ai etuhsyns
 ghi sz ' s p mAegypnsendsghi yt sagi ti pg( y ueAsagtmugmtisl eSiasghi l sel i neoAi sgpsl eny mAegypnDs
 Thi sFcyni (e tdFsreoAi sa i uyryueAA( s) easai Ai ugi dseasygsyasahptgsendsayl  Ai DsOi nnsendsM pni as
 L9???0srpmndsygsgpsoi sghi sayl  Ai agsprsghti i sreoAi as ti ai ngi dsgpsesvtpm sprsuApai dshi edsyn.mtids
 amo.i ugaD
 ,n sptdi t sgpse  tp;y l egi sl pti suApaiA( sesFtieAwAyri Fsnettegyci fsghi sede gi dsni ) a e  i t setgyuAi s
 ) easeAapsdi cyai dseasdyaumaypnsprsesni ) a e  i tsetgyuAi syasense  tp ty egi sedmAgsnettegyci sgeaSDs
 - ptsghyasgeaSfsygs) easri Agsgpsoi sdi ayteoAi sgpsheci sesghi l i s) hyuhs) easotpedA( srel yAyetsgpsghi s
 amo.i ugasendsyns) hyuhsghi ( s) pmAdsoi syngi ti agi dDssOpAygyueAsuhenvi synsxpmghsz rtyues) easens
 pocypmasgp yuDs sWp) i ci tf srpAAp) ynv synrptl eAsi ; i tyl i ngegypn s) ygh senpghi t svtpm sprs
 ni mtpApvyueAA( syncpAci ds e gyi ngasLe he ayu0fsygs) easti .i ugi dseasghi si l pgyci supngi ngsprsl pags
 dyaupmtai asgi ndi dsgpserri ugsupl  ti hi naypnDssThegsyafs e gyi ngas) i ti sl pti sAySiA( sgpsl eSi sceAmis
 .mdvil i ngasptsupl l i ngasghensgpsena) i t s tpoi s?miagypnaseuumtegiA(DssThi sFBp(eAsxuendeAFs
 gp yus) easai Ai ugi dseasygs) easesgp yusyns) hyuhsl pagsxpmghsz rtyuenasprsMnvAyahwa i eSynvs
 di aui ngs) i ti syngi ti agi dD3s
 Ti agsedl ynyagtegypnsendsauptynv
 ' yaupmtai sgeaSas) i ti s ti ai ngi dsynstendpl sptdi tDss' yagteugptsgeaSas) i ti s ti ai ngi dsynsoi g) i i ns
 edl ynyagtegypnaDssThi ai snptl eAA( sgppSsghi srptl sprsupnci taegypnsynygyegi dso( sghi sti ai etuhi ts
 eopmgsapl i ghynvsupl  Ai gi A( sdyrri ti ngsrtpl sghi s ti ui dynvsgeaSsLivDs- el yA( s hpgpvte ha synsghi s
 tppl 0DssThi s mt pa i sprsghyasdyagteugptsgeaSs) easgpseggi l  gsgpsynhyoygs i tai ci tegypnsrtpl spni s
 geaSsgpsghi sni ;gDssOetgyuy e ngas) i ti s ti ai ngi ds) yghsghi snettegyci asyns) tyggi nsrptl fsendsi yghi ts
 ti edsghi snettegyci sghi l ai Aci afspt sAyagi ni dsgpsghi sti ai etuhi t sti edynvsygfseuuptdynvsgpsghi yts
  ti ri ti nui Dss,nsptdi tsgpsti dmui sghi sl i l pt( sdi l endasprsghi sgeaSfsghi sagpt( s) easAi rgsynsrtpngsprs
 amo.i ugasrptsghi l sgpstiri tsgpsyrsniui aaet(Ds
 N miagypnasti Aegynvsgpsghi supngi ngsprsghi snettegyci s) i ti sghi nseaSidfsendsti a pna i as) i ti sge i w
 ti uptdi dsrpt samoai ?mingsptghpvte hyusgtenauty gypnsendseneA(ayaso( sopghsghi sti ai etuhi t sends
 ghi sai upndstegi tsynsptdi tsgpsi namtisyngi twtegi tsti AyeoyAyg(DssBi a pna i as) i ti supdi dseasuptti ugspts
 yne  tp ty egi sendsgpgeAsnmloi tsprsuptti ugstia pna i as) i ti sueAumAegi dsrptsieuhsupndygypnDsskrs
 3s' egesupAAi ugypnsupynuydi ds) yghsghyasici ngDss
 qN
vti egi t syl  ptgenui fshp) i ci tfs) eas?meAygegyci sdi auty gypnsprsghi s e tgyuy e ngaK sti a pna i aDssz as
 %pAi tsi gseAsL9?N?0sagegi dbsynsptdi tsgpsagmd(supl  ti hi naypnsFDDDspni l mags e (seggi ngypnsgpsl pti s
 ghens) hi ghi tsghi ytsti a pna i syasuptti ugDssk ghi tsea i ugasprsghi s e gyi ng?as i trptl enui fsamuhseases
  mPPAi dsAppSsptsesomtagsprsAemvhgi tsptses i trptl enui s) hyuhfseAghpmvhsynuptti ugfsyasti Aegi dsgps
 ghi s?miagypnseaSidsptsghi supl l endsvyci nfsl e(soi s.magseasyl  ptgengsynsdi gi tl ynynvshp) sl muhs
 heasoii nsmnditagppdFsL 98q0Dsss
 OyApgsagmd(sprsdyaupmtai supl  ti hi naypnsl egi tyeAa
 Thi sdyaupmtai supl  ti hi naypnsgeaSas) i ti sedl ynyagi ti dsgpsg) psprsghi s e tgyuy e ngasmai dsynsghi s
 ai ngi nui supl  ti hi naypns yApgsagmd(Dssz Aghpmvhsl etSi dsdi gi typtegypnsynsghi supndygypnsprsopghs
  e tgyuy e ngas) easnpgi d saynui sghi sai ngi nui supl  ti hi naypns yApgsagmd(fsopghs) i ti seoAi sgps
 upl  Ai gi sghi sgeaSafsupnrytl ynvsghegsghi ( seti samygeoAi si ci nsrpt s e gyi ngasynsl pti sedcenui ds
 agevi asprsz ' Dssk nsghi soeayasprsghi srytags e tgyuy e ngKa ss i trptl enui fsghi srpAAp) ynvsede gegypnas
 ) i ti sl edi sgpsghi sgeaSb
 wses yugmtisprsghi spci teAAsghi l i s) eas ti ai ngi ds) yghsghi snettegyci aDsz AghpmvhsWpmvhsL9??V0s
 rpmndsghegses yugmtis ti ai ngynvsghi sui ngteAsghi l i sdydsnpgsheci sesayvnyryuengsynrAminui spnsghi s
  i trptl enui sprsoteynwyn.mtidsamo.i ugafsygs) easdi uydi dsgpsynuAmdises yugmtisynsptdi tsgps tpcydi s
 apl i seddygypneAsupngi ;gmeAsynrptl egypnsendsptyi ngegypnsgpsghi sgp yuD
 wsghi srytags e tgyuy e ngs) easti ?myti dsgpsti gi AAsghi snettegyci asrptseneA(ayasynsptdi tsgpsdi gi tl yni s
 hi t supl  ti hi naypnfseas tp pa i dso( sRAegp) aSesi gseAsL9??90DssWp) i ci tfsahi s) easmneoAi sgps
 upl  Ai gi sghyasgeaSsegseAAfs i the a soi uemai sprsghi sdyrryumAg( synsupnci (ynvsghi synagtmugypnasgps
 hi tDsszuuptdynvA(fs tpoi s?miagypnas) i ti sdicyai dDs
 wsghi syl  ptgenui sprs?meAygegyci seneA(ayasprsti a pna i as) easi cydi ngsrtpl sghi s yApgsagmd(fseasopghs
  e tgyuy e ngas tpdmui dsesvti egi tsel pmngsprsytti Ai cengfsgenvi ngyeAsptsupnreomAegpt( sdyaupmtai syns
 ti a pna i sgps tpoi s?miagypnasmnditsghi supl  Ai ;supndygypnD
 ' z Tz sz I z : 1 x,x
 Bi amAgasprsyndycydmeAs e tgyuy e ngasendsprsghi svtpm seti s ti ai ngi dsynsgeomAet srptl srpt si euhs
 amogi agDss/ i ensaupti asmnditsi euhsupndygypnseti s ti ai ngi dsrptsghi saeSi sprsupl  Ai gi ni aasomgsyns
 cyi ) sprsghi shi gi tpvi ni yg( sprsghi sael  Ai fsghi ai sheci sAyl ygi dsmgyAyg(DssThi sti ai etuhs?miagypns
 yncpAci dsynci agyvegynvs) hi ghi tsl eny mAegynvsghi scetyeoAi asti amAgi dsynsuhenvi fsteghi tsghensghi s
 l evnygmdispr sghegsuhenvi fsaynui sygs) pmAdsuAi etA( soi syne  tp ty egi sgp supnaydi t snml i tyus
 q?
uhenvi asynsghi svtpm seases) hpAiDss- ptsghyasti eapnfsdegesrptsi euhsamogi ags) i ti seneA(a i dsmaynvs
 ghi sxyvnsgi agsLxyi vi Afs9?Nq0Dssz uuptdynvsgpsxyi vi AsL9?Nq0fsghi sayvnsgi agsyase  tp ty egi s) hi nsghi s
 ti ai etuhi t s) yahi asgp si ageoAyah sghegsg) p si ; i tyl i ngeAsupndygypnaseti sdyrri ti ngsomgs) hi ti s
 ?mengygegyci sl i eamtia seti syne  tp ty egi Ds s,gsl i eamtia sdyti ugypn spr suhenvi fsteghi t sghens
 dyti ugypns   sl evnygmdisendsyas e tgyumAetA( samygeoAi s) hi nfseasynsghyasueai fsi euhsamo.i ugseugaseas
 hi tsp) nsupngtpAD
 ,n seddygypnfs?meAygegyci sdyrri ti nui asynsyndycydmeAa?s i trptl enui seti sdyaumai dfsendsti Ai cengs
 i ;e l  Ai as tpcydi dD
 q?
CHAPTER ONI E
 REDUYTD ASV VNDCUDDN S
 This tiudyutnhuv e guactompui rc hucmAulc atorolc mtizulh ayda' cmrhudmutnhuD()e ucahulahihmthAuomutnoi u
 rnclt ha,uuwmAofoAsc ibuahis ti ucahulahihmthAuomu.dt nutnhuihmthmrhurd' lahnhmiodmutci Ii ucmAutnhu
 Aoirdsaihurd' lahnhmiodm,uuv adsl ulh ayda' cmrhuoiuAoi rsi ihAu.dt nu/sc  otctofh  xucmAu/sc mtotctofh  xku
 cmAupadsl utahmAiucahunopn opnthA,uuwmucAAot dmkuid' hud.i hafctodmiu' cAhuAsaomputnhuthi tompucahu
 Ahirao.h A,
 T- gWMRgu19uve guTDRw2v ug)D M- uD2 e uD()e
 Rnhuahis ti ud.t comhAudmutnhuD()e ucmAutnhuv e gucahuis' ' caoihAuomutc. hu; u.h  d3 ,uuDi urcmu.h u
 ihhmkutnhahu3ciumdur hcauah ctodminolu.h t3 hhmucphudyutnhulcatorolc mtiucmAuihfhaotx,
 Rc. hu;uquuDphkuve guactompucmAulhayda' cmrhudmutnhuD()e
  S     A    VD  A C V
 u" uSO uB u"4
 u: uL; uH u":kS
 u; uB: uB uSkB
 u4 u?O uB u"Ok"
 uH uLO uH u"B
 uB uLB uB uLk:
 uS uL? u4 u";kS
 uL uL; u4 u"Sk?
 u? uSO uH u"H
 19
R3 dudyutnhulc atorolc mti u?::EC u3 hahur  ci ioyohAuci u' dAhacth xuAh' hmthAucrrdaAomputdutnhuv e gu
 actompu?ve gu4Cu?Thoi .h apuhtuc ku"?L:Ckutnahhu?;;EC uci u' dAhacth xuihfhah xuAh' hmthAu?ve guHCu
 cmAuydsau?44ECuciuihfhah xuAh' hmthAu?ve guBC,uuDrrdaAomputdu(c x hiuhtuc u?"?L?CucmAu(c x hiucmAu
 Rd' dhAcbi u?"??;Cuomthalahtctodmudyuv e g ui rdahikutnoi urdaahildmAiutdu::E udyutnhulc atorolc mtiu
 yc  ompuomtd utnhu' o AurcthpdaxkucmAutnhuah' comAhauomtdutnhu' dAhacth, uuRnoi unci uo' ldatcmtu
 o' l orctodmiuydauomthalahtomputnhuahis ti uomutnhu opntudyutnhu othactsahkuiomrhu' di tui tsAohi uncfhu
 h0c' omhAu'o Ahauis.8hr ti ,uu
 Rdtc udfhac  ui rdahi udmutnhuD()e uacmphAuyad' uSkButdu"Sk?ku3 otnucu' hcmui rdahudyu":kL,uuRnahhudyu
 tnhulc atorolc mti u?lcatorolc mti u;ku4ucmAuBCud.t comhAuirdahi u.h  d3 utnhuacmphud.t comhAuomutnhu
 ' dAhacthurcthpdaxuomutnhumda' i udyutnhuD()e u?(c x hi ucmAuRd' dhAcku"??;C, uu%d3 hfhakuotu3 ciu
 mdth3 datnxutnctut3 dudyutnhihulc atorolc mti u?lcatorolc mti u; ucmAuBCuahysihAutdurd' l hthulc ati udyutnhu
 thi tkucmAuh0lahi ihAutnhoauAoi tci thuydautnhuyda' c uthi t uladr hAsahku3 otn utnhuahis t utnct utnhoau
 lh ayda' cmrhu3 ci umdtuyh tutdu.h ucmucrrsacthuahy hr todmudyutnhoau ompsoi tor urd' lh thmrh,uuu1 m xudmhu
 lc atorolc mtu?lcatorolc mtuLCuyh  u3otnomutnhuacmphudyutnhu' o AurcthpdaxudyutnhuD()e ,
 (c x hi ucmAuRd' dhAcu?"??"Cuis' ' caoihutnhuD()e ui rdahi ucr rdaAomputduyofh urdmitasr tikumc' h xu
 ' hmtc ui tctsi kuhloidAoru' h' daxku ompsoi toruh0lahi iodmku ompsoi torurd' lahnhmiodmucmAufoisdi lc toc u
 rdmitasr todm,uuWiompu' hcmuac3 ui rdahiulahihmthAuydaucu' dAhacthuD' haorcmucmAucu' dAhacthu(aotoinu
 padsl udyuDe uis.8 hr ti u.x uDa' i tadmpuhtuc u?"??BCu?omu3 nornutnhxurdmr sAhAutnctutnhuahis tiudyu.dt nu
 padsli u3 hahurd' lc ac. hCkuu' hcmuis' ' caxurdmitasr tui rdahiu3 hahurc r s cthA,uRnhihucahulahihmthAu
 tdphtnhau3otnutnhu' hcmuis' ' caxurdmitasr tuirdahiudyutnhursaahmtuitsAxuomutc. hu4u.h d3 ,
 P otnutnhuh0rhlt odmudyutnhu' hmtc ui tctsi ui s' ' caxui rdahkutnhui ' c  uAoirahlc mrohiurcmu.h ucrrdsmthAu
 ydau.x utnhuAoyyhahmrhuomui s.8hr tuic' l hikuiomrhutnhupadsli uAhi rao.h AuomutnhuDa' i tadmpuhtuc u?"??BCu
 lc lh aurdmioAhahAudm xui s.8hr ti u3 otnuv e guactompiudyuHudauB,uuwtuoiutnsi uAoyyors tutducrrdsmtuydautnhu
 ' hmtc ui tctsi ui rdahuomutnhursaahmtui tsAxu.h ompu     utncmutnctudyuDa' i tadmpuhtuc ku.st utnoi u' cxu
 12
ahy hr t utnhucAclt ctodmiu' cAhuydausi hu3 otnugdstnuDyaorcmulc atorolc mti u?ydauh0c' l huld otorc u
 rncmphi uomugdstnuDyaorcu' cxuncfh urdmtao.st hAutdulc atorolc mtizurdmysiodmuc.dst utnhumc' hudyutnhu
 lahioAhmtucmAutnhurclotc urotxC,uuu
 Rc. hu4quu?hcmuis' ' caxurdmitasr tuirdahi
            !            
     
UDA    !  
               
U"    !  
               
' hmtc uitctsi "kLSH : :
 hloidAoru' h' dax :k4H ; :k:
  ompsoi toruh0lahi iodm :kBB :k; :
  ompsoi torurd' lahnhmiodm :kH: :k: "kL
 foisdi lc toc urdmitasr todm :kL" ; :kH
 wmuis' ' caxkutnhuD()e ucllh cahAutdu.h ucusi hys ui rahhmompu' hcisahkuclladlao cthuydausi hu3 otnutnhu
 gdstnuDyaorcmuldls ctodm,uu1 yuid' hurdmrhamkund3 hfhaku3 ci utnhui tadmpuAhyorotudaohmtctodmudyutnhu
 thi tutdphtnhau3 otnuoti uci ihi i ' hmtudyurd' l hth xuAhrdmth0tsc  oihAu cmpscph,uuP no hutnoi u' cAhuotu
 ihmiotofhutdutnhu' dahui s.t  huo' lc oa' hmti udyutnhu' o Ahaulc atorolc mti u?hp,ulc atorolc mtuLCkuotu' cAhuotu
 Aoyyors tkucmAuldi io. xuomclladlao cthkutducA' omoi thautdutnhu' dahuihfhah xuo' lc oahAkucmAupcfhu ott hu
 daumduomiopntuomtdutnhulc atorolc mtibuysmrtodmc urd' ' smorctofh uc.o otx,uuRnhuahlh totodmuis.t hi tkuomu
 lc ators caku3 otnu' hcmomp hi i ui to' s ou?isr nuci uVtdamcAdhi u' oi8sAphAu dmpuhppu.ddI htiVCuihh' hAu
 omclladlao cth x urdmysiompuydaulc atorolc mti u3 nd ucahuc ahcAxurdmysihAucmAuAoidaohmtcthA,u
 )dmi oi thmtu3 otnutnhuyomAompiudyu(c x hikuRd' dhAcucmAuThomu?"??BCkulc atorolc mtibuahlh totodmuc.o otxu
 AhthaodacthAu3 otnutnhuAhrahcihuomu' hcmompys mhi i udyutnhui to' s o,uu(c x hi uhtuc uomthalahthAutnoi u
 yomAompuci urdmtacNomAorctompu di i udyutnhurdmthmtudyuih' cmtoru' h' dax,uuRnoi ucllh cahAutdu.h u.damhu
 dst u/sc  otctofh  x u.x utnh ulc atorolc mtibuc3 cahmhi i udyutnh u' hcmomp hi imhi i udyutnh ui to' s oku
 10
Ah' dmitacthAuydauh0c' l hu.x uah/sh i ti uydaur  caoyorctodmu?V3nct?VuNuhp, u7catorolc mtuSCkudau
 lc atorolc mtuBbiurd' ' hmtuVtnoiuoiuio  xkuAca ompV,
 wmthahi tomp xkuhfhmutnhulc atorolc mti u3 otn utnhu d3 hi t udfhac  ui rdahi uAh' dmitacthAucu hfh  udyu
 c3 cahmhi i u.dt nudyutnhoauAhyoroti ucmAudyutnhuycr tutnctutnhxu3 hahu.h omputhi thA,uu9dauh0c' l hku
 lc atorolc mtu; u3 ci ulc ator s ca xuahioi tcmtutduAdomputci Ii u3 otnunopnu' h' daxuAh' cmAi,uu7catorolc mtuBu
 ciIhAuV3nctbi utnoi uyda?Vuomuahildmihutduihfhac ui s.t hi ti ucmAulc atorolc mtu4uicoAuVdnupdinkuwbfhu
 ydapdthmuc  utnhihutnompiVuomuahildmihutdutnhu' hmtc ui tctsi ui s.t hi tkucmAurd' ' hmthAuVtnoi uoi u
 Aoyyors tkuoimbtuotVudmufcaodsi udtnhauis.t hi ti ,
 T- gWMRgu19ug- 2 R- 2 )- u)1 ? 7T- %- 2 gw12 uRDgF g
 gtctoi torc  xuAoyyhahmtulh ayda' cmrhu.h t3 hhmuio' l hucmAurd' l h0urdmAot dmiu3 ciud.i hafhAuomutnahhu
 dyutnhuydsaui s.t hi ti ukumc' h xuixmtc0ku othac otxucmAuAoahr tmhi i ,uue hi lothutnhums' haor uAoyyhahmrhi u
 .h ompui ' c  uydauid' huomAof Asc ikulh ayda' cmrhusmAhautnhuio' l hurdmAot dmu3 ci uc 3 cxi uhotnhau
 .h tthautncmudautnhuic' huci ulh ayda' cmrhusmAhautnhurd' l h0urdmAot dmku3 otnuh/sofc  hmtui rdahi u
 .h ompud.t comhAuomudm xu; urcihi uNuydau othac otxucmAuladmdsmiuomulc atorolc mtuLku3 nhahu.dt nu3 hahu
 h/sc   xupddAkucmAuladmdsmiuomulc atorolc mtu4ku3 nhahu.dt nu3 hahuh/sc   xuldda, uuRnhupahcthi tu
 /sc  otctofh uAoyyhahmrhi u.h t3 hhmutnhut3 durdmAot dmiu3 hahkund3 hfhakud.i hafhAuomutnhuladmdsmiu
 i s.t hi tkuydau3 nornutnhu/sc mtotctofh uahis ti u3 hahumdtui tctoi torc  xuiopmoyorcmt,uuRnoi uyomAompu3 ci u
 rdmioi thmtu3 otnutnhu othactsahuAoi rsi ihAuhca ohaku3 nornuispphi tiutnctuDe ui s.8hr tiucahuc. hutdusto oihu
 rd' lhmictdaxuitacthpohikucmAutduAduiduisr rhi iys  x,uu
 (c ihAudmutnhucfhacphuAoyyhahmrhuomuirdahu.h t3 hhmuio' l hucmAurd' l h0urdmAot dmikulahihmthAuomu
 tc. huHudfha hcyku othac otxucmAuixmtcr tor urd' l h0otxuh' haphAuci utnhu' di tuo' ldatcmtufc aoc. hi uydau
 tnhu    # ,
 13
Rc. huHquuDfhacphuo' ladfh ' hmtuomuirdahuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l huydauhcrnuis.t hi t
 D $     A%  !   
&  #   %     
ixmtc0 4k"
 ladmdsmi :k;
 Aoahr tmhi i ;kS
  othac otx 4k:
 %d3 hfhakuhfhmu.c ihAudmutnhihuahi taor thAu/sc mtotctofhu' hcisahikuomAof Asc i u3 otnomutnhupadsl uncAu
 Aoyyhahmtuahis ti ,uuRnoiuoiuAoi rsi ihAuomu'dahuAhtco u ctha,
 D?  !(
 Rc. huBquuDfhacphuo' ladfh ' hmtuomuirdahuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l huydauixmtc0uis.t hi t
 DfhacphuirdahusmAhaurd' l h0urdmAot dm 4k;;
 DfhacphuirdahusmAhauio' l hurdmAot dm Lk44
 Dfhacphuo' ladfh ' hmtuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l h 4k""
 )dmi oi thmtu3 otn utnhuyomAompiudyudtnhauahihcarnhai u?hp, uRd' dhAcuht uc u"??OCkutnhahu3 ci ucu
 i tctoi torc  xuiopmoyorcmtuo' ladfh ' hmtuomulh ayda' cmrhuyad' utnhurd' l h0utdutnhuio' l hurdmAot dm,u
 Di urcmu.h uihhmuomuyopsahu; udmutnhuyd  d3 ompulc phkuc  ulc atorolc mti uo' ladfh A,uRnhulad.c .o otxudyu
 tnoiudrrsaaompu.xurncmrhuoiul6OkO:ucmAutnhuahis tuoiutnsi uiopmoyorcmtuctutnhuHEu hfh  ,
 7catorolc mti uBucmAu?uind3 hAutnhu caphi tu/sc mtotctofh uAoyyhahmrhikucmAulc atorolc mti u: ucmAu4utnhu
 i ' c  hi tku3 otnulc atorolc mtuBuc iduind3 ompu caphu/sc  otctofh uAoyyhahmrhi ,uuwmthahi tomp xkund3 hfhaku
 lc atorolc mtu4uc iduind3 hAufhaxu' caIhAu/sc  otctofh uAoyyhahmrhi u.h t3 hhmutnhut3 durdmAot dmi,uRnoiu
 tddI utnhuyda' udyuahlh totodmudyutnhurd' l h0ust thacmrhi ucmAuildmtcmhdsi uctth' lt i utduio' l oyxu?hp,u
 14
V3nduncAutnhunctkutnhu.dx udautnhupoa ?VCku3 nornuihh' hAutdu.h u caph xui sr rhi i ys uomuycro otctompu
 rd' lahnhmiodm,u u7catorolc mtuHusi hAutnoi uic' h ui tacthpxku.st udm x uydautnh u.h ydah,,,,cythau
 rdmitasr todmiu?hp,uVu$  )   uAdomputnhu3cinompuinhui3 hlt kuiduinhui3 hlt uyoaitVC,
 O
 "
 :
 ;
 4
 H
 B
 S
 L
 ?
 "O
 " : ; 4 H B S L ?
 7catorol cmtu2 s' . ha
 2s
 '.
 haud
 yu)
 daa
 hrt
 uTh
 ild
 mih
 i
 ) d' l  h0
 go' l  h
 9opsahu;quThis tiudyuixmtc0uis.t hi t
 7catorolc mti u"ucmAu?uc iduind3 hAui s.i tcmtoc u/sc  otctofhuAoyyhahmrhi u.h t3 hhmutnhut3 durdmAot dmiku
 .st utnoiu3 ciucumhpctofhuyhctsahudyuahlh ctomputnhui to' s si udfhaucmAudfhaudau' cIompurd' ' hmtiu?hp,u
 Vtnctbi uactnhauwaoinVuj ulc atorolc mtu?GuVd.fodsi  xutnhxu3 hahmbtufhaxunsmpaxVuNulc atorolc mtu"Guc idu
 d.i hafhAuomulc atorolc mtuBCu3 nornuihh' hAutduomrahcihuactnhautncmuAhrahcihurdmysiodm,uuD tndspn u
 tnoi urds Aud.fo dsi  x umdtu.h ufoh3 hAuci uc urd' lh mictdaxui tacthpxkuot uAoAuihafh utd uc hatutnhu
 omtha drstdautdurd' lahnhmiodmu.ahcIAd3 mu?ry,ulhayda' cmrhudmuAoirdsaihutci Ii C,
 D tndspnutnhui ' c  ums' .h audyuhcrnutxlh udyuixmtcr torurdmitasr todmusi hAulahr  sAhi utnhuAac3 ompudyu
 cmxurdmr si odmikucmc xioi udyuomAof Asc uoth' i udyutnoi ui s.t hi tuispphi thAutncturhmtahNh' .h AAhAu
 ah ctofh ur  csi hi u3 hahutnhu' di tuAoyyors tuixmtcr tor uyda' utdusmAhaitcmAku3 otnuSuhaadaiu.h ompu' cAhu
 ydau.dt nui to' s oudyutnoi utxlh ,uuwmufoh3 udyutnhuAoyyhahmtums' .h audyuoth' i uydauhcrnuihmthmrhutxlh ku
 11
rd' lc aoidmuoi uycro otcthAu.x urdmfhatomputnhums' .h aiudyuhaadaiu' cAhutdulh arhmtcphi udyuomrdaahr tu
 ahildmihi,uuRnhihucahulahihmthAuomutc. huS,
 Rc. huSquu7harhmtcphudyuomrdaahr tuahildmihiuydauhcrnuihmthmrhutxlh uomuixmtc0uis.t hi t,
 D         ?#  P      !   &          
   #      
rhmtahuh' .h AAhAuah ctofhur csi h SS
 .h ydah,,,,,cytha HH
 rd' lc actofh ;L
 lc i iofh 4O
 uu
 wtuoiuyh tutnctu' dahuaopdadsiuomfhi topctodmudyutnhufc aoc. hudyuixmtcr torurd' l h0otxu' cxuispphi tutnctu
 otuoi udyuhfhmupahcthauiopmoyorcmrhutncmuispphi thAu.x utnhulah o' omcaxuahis ti udyutnoi ui tsAx,uu1 tnhau
 ci lh r ti udyuixmtcr tor urd' l h0otxumhAutdu.h ui tsAohAkucmAu caphaums' .h aiudyuhcrnuihmthmrhutxlh ,u
 D idunopn xuah hfc mtu3 ds Au.h utduthi tuomu' dahuAhtco uTdr ndmuhtuc biu?"??4Cunxldt nhioiutnctuotuoiumdtu
 ixmtcr torurd' l h0otxutnctu' cIh iurd' lahnhmiodmu'dahuAoyyors tku.stutnhums' .h audyuladldiotodmi,
 P       
Dfhacphui rdahiuydautnhupadsl ucahulahihmthAuomutc. huLudfha hcy,uuRnhums' haoruAoyyhahmrhiu.h t3 hhmu
 tnhut3 durdmAot dmiu3 hahui ' c  hi tuydautnoiui s.t hi t,uuRnhihuAoyyhahmrhiucahulahihmthAuomuyopsahu4ku.st u
 tnhuahis ti ucahumdtui tctoi torc  xuiopmoyorcmtuct utnhuHEu hfh  ukutnhulad.c .o otxudyuSudst udyu?u
 lc atorolc mti uo' ladfompu.h ompul6 OkO?,uu%d3 hfhakuci u3 o  u.h uAoi rsi ihAkutnhu caphi tums' .h audyu
 /sc  otctofhuAoyyhahmrhiu3ciud.ihafhAuomutnoiuis.t hi t,
 15
Rc. huLquuDfhacphuo' ladfh ' hmtuomuirdahuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l huydauladmdsmiuis.t hi t
 DfhacphuirdahusmAhaurd' l h0urdmAot dm B
 DfhacphuirdahusmAhauio' l hurdmAot dm Lk;;
 Dfhacphuo' ladfh ' hmtuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l h :k;;
 O
 "
 :
 ;
 4
 H
 B
 S
 L
 ?
 "O
 " : ; 4 H B S L ?
 7catorol cmtu2 s' . ha
 2s
 '.
 hau
 dyu
 )d
 aah
 rtuT
 hil
 dmi
 hi
 ) d' l  h0
 go' l  h
 9opsahu4quuThis tiudyuladmdsmiuis.t hi t
 7catorolc mtuLbi u/sc mtotctofh ulh ayda' cmrhusmAhau.dt n urdmAot dmiu3 ci utnhuic' hkuc tndspnkuci u
 Aoir si ihAu.h  d3 kutnhahu3 hahu/sc  otctofhuAoyyhahmrhiuomunhaulh ayda' cmrh,uu7catorolc mtu4ulh ayda' hAu
 ldda xusmAhau.dt nurdmAot dmi,uuRnoiuihh' iutduahy hr tunhauAoyyors txuomurd' lahnhmAompuih' cmtorc  xu
 ahfhaio. huihmthmrhikuoaahi lh r tofh udyu3 nhtnhaumdsmiudauladmdsmiu3 hahusi hA,uuRnoi ulc atorolc mtu
 ah/sh i thAuahlh totodmudyuhcrnui to' s si usmAhau.dt nurdmAot dmiucmAucllh cahAutdu.h utaxomputdu' hAocthu
 fha.c   xuydaunhaih yu3 nduncAu.h hmutnhui s.8hr tucmAu3 ndutnhud.8hr tkuahlh ctomputnhui to' s si utdu
 nhaih yudfhaucmAudfhakuldomtompuyoaitutdudmhulor tsahucmAutnhmutnhudtnhaucmAu.h rd' ompuomrahciomp xu
 16
rdmysihA,uuD tndspnuinhutnsi ucllh cahAutduncfhucusihys uitacthpxutduAhrdAhutnhuito' s okuotucllh cahAu
 tnctutnhuo' lc oa' hmtuomutnhuomno.otodmudyuoaah hfcmtuomyda'ctodmuAhi rao.h Au.x u9csi tuhtuc uu?"??SCu
 3 ciuomudlhactodmunhah,
 D tndspnutnhui ' c  hi tu/sc mtotctofhuAoyyhahmrhi u.h t3 hhmutnhuio' l hucmAurd' l h0urdmAot dmiu3 hahu
 mdthAuydautnoi ui s.t hi tkucmAutnhuAoyyhahmrhud.i hafhAu3 ci umdtui tctoi torc  xuiopmoyorcmtkutnhu caphi tu
 ms' .h audyu/sc  otctofh uAoyyhahmrhi u3 ci ud.i hafhA,uu1 m x ulc atorolc mtu4 uAoi rsi ihAuc.dfh ucmAu
 lc atorolc mtu;ku3 ndkuAhi lothutnhuihfhaotxudyunhau cmpscphuo' lc oa' hmtulh ayda' hAuah ctofh  xu3 h  u
 smAhau.dt nurdmAot dmikuind3 hAumdu/sc  otctofh uAoyyhahmrhi uydautnoi utci I, uu9dautnhuah' comompu
 lc atorolc mtikusmofhaic uAoyyhahmrhiu3hahumdthAq
 NusmAhautnhurd' l h0 urdmAot dmulc atorolc mti uctth' lt hAutd ur  caoyxutnhuahyhahmt, uu9dau' o Ahau
 lc atorolc mtikutnoi utddI utnhuyda' udyuh0l comompu?hp,VudnkuJotbu' si tu.h utnhu odmVCucmAuydautnhu' dahu
 ihfhahulcatorolc mtikucu/shi todmu?hp,uV3nctuoiuJotb?VC
 Nuulc atorolc mti uahlh cthAutnhurd' l h0ui to' s outdutnh' ih fh ikudythmui s.i totstompumdsmiuydautnhu
 ladmdsmiu?hp,uVdnkuidutnhu.dxuyd  d3 hAutnhurno AahmVC,
 u
 Rnoi uyomAompuispphi ti utnctuhfhmuihfhah xuAh' hmtompuomAof Asc i u?hp,ulc atorolc mtuBCucahuc. hutdu
 rd' lhmicthurdmirodsi  xu3 nhmutnhxuncfh uAoyyors txusmAhaitcmAompuc' .opsdsi uahyhahmti ucmAkuci u
 .damhudst u.x utnhumdmNiopmoyorcmtuAoyyhahmrhu.h t3 hhmutnhut3 durdmAot dmikutnctutnhihui tacthpohi ucahu
  caph xui sr rhi i ys ,uu%d3 hfhakutnhumhhAuydaurd' lhmictdaxui tacthpohikucmAutnhuahis tcmtui  d3 hau
 ahildmihi ucahurdmioi thmtu3 otnutnhu othactsahutnctutnhurd' lahnhmiodmudyuladmd' omc uahyhahmrhuoiu
 o' lc oahAuomuAh' hmthAuis.8 hr ti ,
 V&         
D tndspn utnhums' haor uAoyyhahmrhi u.h t3 hhmutnhut3 durdmAot dmiu3 hahui ' c  uydau' cmxudyutnhu
 i s.8hr tikuciuahy hr thAuomuyopsahuHu?dmul uBOCkuc  ui s.8hr ti uind3 hAucmuo' ladfh ' hmtuyad' urd' l h0utdu
 17
io' l h,uuRnoiuahis tu.x urncmrhuc dmhu3 ds Auncfhuculad.c .o otxudyul6 OkO:ucmAuoiutnsi uiopmoyorcmtuctu
 tnhuHEu hfh  ,
 Rc. hu?quuDfhacphuo' ladfh ' hmtuomuirdahuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l huydauAoahr tmhi iuis.t hi t
 DfhacphuirdahusmAhaurd' l h0urdmAot dm Hk""
 DfhacphuirdahusmAhauio' l hurdmAot dm LkLL
 Dfhacphuo' ladfh ' hmtuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l h ;kSS
 ? haxuyh3 u/sc  otctofh uAoyyhahmrhi u3 hahud.i hafhAu.h t3 hhmutnhut3 durdmAot dmiku.st utnoi u3 ci uyh tutdu
 .h ucuysmrtodmudyutnhuycr tutnctulc atorolc mti uncAutduladfoAhucufha.c  uahildmihku3 otnutnhuahis tutnctu
 tnhahu3 ci u hi i udlldat smotxuydautnhu/sh i todmikurd' ' hmti ucmAuahfoiodmiumdthAuomutnhudtnhaui s.t hi ti ,u
 Rnhuah/soah' hmtuydauh0lahi iofh u cmpscphuomutnoi utci I uoi uihhmuci ucu' c8dau3 hcImhi i udyutnhui tsAxku
 .dt nu.h rcsi hudyuoti uAoyyhahmtuahildmihu' dAhucmAu.h rcsi hudyuoti uh0tacuahidsarhuAh' cmAi,uuuDtu
 to' hikutnhuahihcarnhabiur  omorc uo' lahi iodmu3 ciutnctutnhui s.8 hr tibuahildmihiu3 hahuomrdaahr tu.h rcsi hu
 tnhxu cr IhAutnhuc.o otxutduh0l comuactnhautncmu.h rcsi hutnhxuncAuyco hAutdusmAhaitcmAkuc tndspnutnoi u
 3 ciumdtu.damhudstu.xutnhui' c  ku.sturdmioi thmtkuAoyyhahmrhiuomuirdahi u.ht3 hhmutnhut3 durdmAot dmi,
 v o..i u?"?L:kurothAu.x ue cfoi ucmAuP o rd0ku"?LHCucapshAutnctuid' huomAoahr tui lh hrnucr ti uncfh u
 .h rd' huVyad5hmVudfhauto' huidutnctutnhuo' l ohAu' hcmompuoi u' dahuahcAo xusmAhaitddAutncmutnhu
 Aoahr tuomthalahtctodmu?hp,uVrcmuxds,,,,Vuoiu' dahuahcAo xusmAhaitddAuciucuah/sh i tutncmuciucu/shi todmC,u
 D tndspn u? re dmc Au?"??:Ckuah8hr ti utnoi umdtodmudyuVyad5hmVui lh hrn ucr ti ucmAu.h  ohfhi utnctu
 ah8hr todmudyutnhu othac u' hcmompuoi uculahah/soiothuydausmAhaitcmAompuhfhmufhaxurdmfhmtodmc u
 omAoahr tust thacmrhiku3 nhtnhautnoi udrrsai uomucui thlN3oihudauomucu' dahuomthacr tofh u' cmmhakulh ancli u
 rdmioi thmtu3 otnuv o..i bufoh3 kutnhu' c8daotxudyutnhulc atorolc mti uncAumduAoyyors txuh0l comomputnhu
 ' dahurdmfhmtodmc ucmAuyah/s mt xudrrsaaompuomAoahr tuito' s oquudm xudmhulcatorolc mtu' cAhucmuhaada
 18
O
 "
 :
 ;
 4
 H
 B
 S
 L
 ?
 "O
 " : ; 4 H B S L ?
 7catorol cmtu2 s' . ha
 2s
 '.
 hau
 dyu
 )d
 aah
 rtuT
 hil
 dmi
 hi
 ) d' l  h0
 go' l  h
 9opsahuHquuThis tiudyuAoahr tmhi iuis.t hi tuuu
 3 otnuVwurds AuAdu3otnucuAaomIVucmAut3 du3otnuVwb' unsmpaxVucmAuVwb' utnoaitxV,uuwmurdmtaci tkund3hfhaku
 tnhu' di tuhaadaiu?LCu3 hahu' cAhu3 otnu3 nctuoiuomtsotofh  xucmuh/sc   xurdmfhmtodmc ust thacmrhquVAduxdsu
 ncfhutnhuto' h?J
 Y&    ! &  ?
 - opnt udyutnhumomhulc atorolc mti uo' ladfh Auyad' utnhurd' l h0 utd utnhuio' l hurdmAot dm,uuRnhu
 lad.c .o otxudyutnoi uahi s tudr rsaaompu.x urncmrhuc dmhuoiul6 OkO:ucmAutnhuahis tuoi utnsi uiopmoyorcmtuctu
 tnhuHuEu hfh  ,
 Rc. hu"OquuDfhacphuo' ladfh ' hmtuomuirdahuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l huydautnhu othac otxuis.t hi t
 DfhacphuirdahusmAhaurd' l h0urdmAot dm 4kLL
 DfhacphuirdahusmAhauio' l hurdmAot dm ?k""
 Dfhacphuo' ladfh ' hmtuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l h 4k:;
 59
Diuahy hr thAuomuyopsahuBkuis.8hr tuLulhayda' hAuh/sc   xu3h  usmAhau.dtnurdmAot dmi,
 O
 "
 :
 ;
 4
 H
 B
 S
 L
 ?
 "O
 " : ; 4 H B S L ?
 7catorol cmtu2 s' . ha
 2s
 '.
 haud
 yu)
 daa
 hrt
 uTh
 ild
 mih
 i
 ) d' l  h0
 go' l  h
 9opsahuBquuThis tiudyu othac otxuis.t hi t
 gs.i tcmtoc u/sc  otctofh uAoyyhahmrhi u3 hahud.i hafhAuomudm x utnahhulc atorolc mti , u uRnhuic' hu
 lnh md' hmcu3hahkund3hfhakud.ihafhAuomuc  utnahhusmAhautnhurd' l h0urdmAot dmkumc' h xq
 NuAh cxhAuahildmihi
 Nuh0l cmctodmu?dau/sh axompCudyutnhumdmN othac ust thacmrhu?hp,unhuic3 uahAuNuVidunhu' si tuncfh u.h hmu
 cmpaxVC,uu9daulc atorolc mti uHucmAuButnoi ui tacthpxu3 ci ui sr rhi i ys kuahis tompuomutnhurdaahr tuahildmihu
 ydauhfhaxui to' s si uomu3 nornutnhxusi hAuotu?9dauh0c' l huydauVitaspp omputdu' cIh uhmAiu' hhtVku
 lc atorolc mtuBuicoAuV3h  kuomudmhuahi lh r tutnoi u?ldomtomputdu othac ulor tsahCku.st utnoi uoi u3 nctuotu' hcmiu
 ?omAorctompunhaurndorhudyumdmN othac C,uu7catorolc mtu" uc idusi hAutnhui tacthpxku.st ucllh cahAutdu.h u
 smc. hutdui sllah i i utnhu othac uomthalahtctodmkuh0l comompudau/sh axomputnhu' hcmompu?hp,uVAdhi uyoi tu
 ncfh ucmxtnomputduAdu3 otnu' dmhx?Vku.st uldomtomputdutnhu othac ulor tsahkuhfhmu3 nhmurshAu.x utnhu
 thi thautduldomtutdutnhudmhuVtnctuind3 iu3nctuotu  !  V,u
 52
e cfoi ucmAuP o rd0u?"?LHCuispphi tutnctutnhumdmN othac uomthalahtctodmudyufhaxuyc' o ocaudauVitdahAVu
 ' htclndai ucllh caiutdu.h usmAhaitddAu' dahuahcAo xutncmucu othac uomthalahtctodmkuahis tompuomu' dahu
 acloAuladr hi iomputncmutnhutnahhui tcphi uladldi hAu.x u) caIucmAuMsr xu?"?SHkurothAu.x ue cfoi ucmAu
 P o rd0ku"?LHCq
 ",uuRnhu oi thmhau' cIh iucu othac uomthalahtctodm
 :, uuRnhu oi thmhauAhtha' omhiu3 nhtnhaudaumdtutnhust thacmrhuoiurdmioi thmtu3 otnutnhurdmth0tuomu3 nornuotu
 h0oi ti
 ;, uuwyutnhust thacmrhuoi umdturdmioi thmtkutnhu oi thmhauomyhaiucumdmN othac u' hcmompku.c ihAudmutnhu
 rdmth0t,
 Rnhulh ayda' cmrhudyutnhihutnahhulc atorolc mti uihh' i utduislldat utnoi u' dAh ku3 otnulc atorolc mtu"u
 Ah' dmitactompucu.ahcIAd3mu.h t3 hhmutnhuihrdmAucmAutnoaAu hfh  iku3 no hulc atorolc mtuLbiuh/sofc  hmtu
 lh ayda' cmrhusmAhau.dtnurdmAot dmiuoiu' dahurd' lc to. hu3otnucuiomp huitcphuclladc rn,
 2 dulc ator s caui to' s si uh' haphAuci u.h ompuhotnhauhciohaudau' dahuAoyyors tutncmutnhudtnhaiku3 otnutnhu
 nopnhi tums' .h audyuomrdaahr tuahildmihi u?BCu.h ompuydauVdfhautnhu' ddmVucmAuVtopntuyoi thAVucmAutnhu
  d3 hi tu?;Cu.hompuydauV3ca' unhcatVucmAuVitaspp omputdu' cIhuhmAiu' hhtV,
 R %&     ) #   )   !                 ! *  
Di u' hmtodmhAulahfodsi  xkutnhupadsl utahmAudyuixmtc0 ucmAu othac otx uind3 omputnhupahcthi tu
 /sc mtotctofh uo' ladfh ' hmtuyad' urd' l h0utduio' l hurdmAot dmiuAdhi umdtucr rsacth xuahy hr tutnhu
 ahis ti udyuomAof Asc i u3 otnomutnhupadsl, uuRnhuacmIudaAhaompudyufc aoc. hi uahis tompuomupahcthi tu
 o' ladfh ' hmtuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l hurdmAot dmiuydauc  utnhulcatorolc mtiurcmu.huihhmuomuyopsahu
 Sudmutnhuyd  d3 ompulcph,
 9ad' utnhuyopsahuotuoi uhfoAhmtutnctutnhahu3 ci upahctufc aoc.o otxu.h t3 hhmuomAof Asc i ,uu9dauh0c' l hku
 lc atorolc mtiu"ku: ucmAuLuc  uind3 hAuAoyyhahmtulc tthamiudyuo' ladfh ' hmt,uu? di tulc atorolc mtiuthmAhAutdu
 50
ind3 ucur  si thaudyuo' ladfh ' hmtuomui rdahi udyucadsmAu4udauHuldomti uydau: utdu; ui s.t hi ti ,uu1 yuomthahi tku
 nd3 hfhakuoi utnhuycr t utnct ulc atorolc mtuLkutnhu' o Ahi t ulc atorolc mtkuAh' dmitacthAutnhui ' c  hi tu
 /sc mtotctofh uahildmiofhmhi i utduio' l oyorctodm,uuRnoi u' cxuispphi tuhotnhautnctutnhutci Ii u3 hahutddu
 hcixutdutcl uomtdunhauAoyyors tohikuhfhmuctutnhurd' l h0u hfh  kudautnctutnhumhAuydauio' l oyorctodmu
 .h rd' hiupahcthauciutnhuAoihcihuladpahi ihi ,
 0
 1
 2
 3
 4
 5
 6
 7
 8
 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
 7catorol cmtu2 s' . ha
 w'
 lad
 fh'
 hmt
 uomu
 grd
 ah Syntax
 Pronouns
 Directness
 Literality
 Syntax Average
 Pronouns Average
 Directness Average
 Literality Average
 9opsahuSquuw'ladfh ' hmtuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l huydauc  ufcaoc. hiucmAuc  ulcatorolc mti
 Rnhihuahis tiunopn opntut3 duo' ldatcmtuyhctsahiq
 ", uuRnhu.ahcIAd3 mudyu cmpscphurd' lahnhmiodmuAdhi umdtudr rsauomucusmoyda' u3 cxuomuomAof Asc i u
 3 otnuDe ku3 otnuid' hui s.8 hr ti ucllh caomputdu.h u' dahufs mhac. hutduAoyyors txu3 otnurhatcomufc aoc. hi u
 53
tncmudtnhai,uuRnoi ulad.c . xuah cthi u.dt nutdulah' da.oAu cmpscphui tx hucmAuh0lh aohmrhucmAutdutnhu
  droudyumhsad dporc uAc' cph,uu
 :, uuwyutnoi uoi uidkutnhmutnhahuoi ucumhAuydauomAof Asc uci ihi i ' hmtudyulc tohmti u3 otnuDe uomudaAhautdu
 oAhmtoyxuo' ldatcmtufc aoc. hi uydauhcrnuomAof Asc ,uuK go' l orotxJ udauK rd' l h0otxJ udyuci lh r ti udyu
  cmpscphuAoyyhaiuyad'ulhaidmutdulhaidm,
 uu
 P otnutnhihuo' ldat cmturcfhcti uomu' omAkutnhuphmhac utahmAiu3 nornuh' haphAuyad' utnhuihmthmrhutci Ii u
 rcmu.huis' ' caoihAuciuyd  d3 iq
 NuahildmihiuthmAhAutdu.hui d3 hausmAhautnhurd' l h0urdmAot dmiG
 Nuis.8hr tiuAh' dmitacthAucu hfh  udyuc3 cahmhi iudyu3nctu3ciuAoyyors tuydautnh' G
 Nuis.8 hr tiuctth' lt hAutdurd' lhmicthuydautnhoauAoyyors tx,uugd' hudyutnhihui tacthpohiu3 hahuisr rhi i ys ku
 cmAuid' humdtku.st uhfhmutnhusi hudyusmisr rhi iys ui tacthpohi urcmu.h ufoh3 hAuci uldi otofh uomidycauci u
 tnhxu' cxuc hatutnhuomtha dr stdautdurd' ' smorctodmu.ahcIAd3 m,
 Rnhihuncfhuo' ldatcmtuo' l orctodmiuydau'cmcph' hmtku3nornucahuAoi rsi ihAuomurnclt hauB,
 T- gWMRgu19uewg)1 WTg- uu)1? 7T- %- 2 gw12 uRDgF g
 Di uomutnhuihmthmrhurd' lahnhmiodmutci Ii kutnhulh ayda' cmrhudyuc  ulc atorolc mti uo' ladfh Auyad' utnhu
 rd' l h0utdutnhuio' l hurdmAot dmiku.st utnhu/sc mtotctofh uAoyyhahmrhi u3 hahufhaxui ' c  ,uuRnhihucahu
 is' ' cao5hAuomutc. hu""u.h d3 ,
 Rc. huu""quuDfhacphuo' ladfh ' hmtuomuirdahuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l hurdmAot dmuydauhcrnuis.t hi t
 D $     A%  !   &  #   %     
9ca' haucmAuidmi 4k44u?'c0o' s' uldiio. huirdahudyu":C
 Tdxc uircmAc :k:u?' c0o' s' uldiio. huirdahudyuLC
 54
+O !     ! ,      -   $     
Rnhulh ayda' cmrhudyutnhupadsl uudmutnoi ui s.t hi tuoi ui s' ' caoihAuomutc. hu":, uuDuAoyyhahmrhu.h t3 hhmu
 io' l hucmAurd' l h0urdmAot dmiu3 ci ud.i hafhAuomuc  udyutnhulc atorolc mti ,uuRnhulad.c .o otxudyutnoi u
 dr rsaaompu.xurncmrhu3ci ul6OkO:ucmAutnhuahis tuoiutnsi uiopmoyorcmtuctutnhuHEu hfh  ,
 Rc. hu":quuDfhacphuo' ladfh ' hmtuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l huydauK9ca' haucmAuidmiJ uis.t hi t
 DfhacphuirdahusmAhaurd' l h0urdmAot dm 4k;;
 DfhacphuirdahusmAhauio' l hurdmAot dm LkSS
 Dfhacphuo' ladfh ' hmtuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l h 4k44
 Di urcmu.h uihhmuomuyopsahuLkulc atorolc mti u; ucmAu4ulh ayda' hAufhaxuldda xusmAhautnhuio' l hu
 rdmAot dmku3 otnutnhuahis tutnctutnhui ' c  uo' ladfh ' hmtiumdthAu' cxuncfhu.h hmuAshutdurncmrh,uuRnhu
  caphi tuAoyyhahmrhiu?pahcthautncmuHOECu3hahuihhmuomulcatorolc mtiu"kuSucmAu?,
 O
 :
 4
 B
 L
 "O
 ":
 " : ; 4 H B S L ?
 7catorol cmtu2 s' . ha
 2s
 '.
 hau
 dyu
 )d
 aah
 rtuT
 hil
 dmi
 hi
 ) d' l  h0
 go' l  h
 9opsahuLquuThis tiudyuVyca' haucmAuidmiVuis.t hi tu?' c0o' s' uldiio. huirdahudyu":Cuu
 51
1 m xulc atorolc mtuLkutnhu' o Ahi tulc atorolc mtuud.t comhAutnhu' c0o' s' ums' .h audyuldomti uldi io. hu
 smAhautnhuio' l hurdmAot dm,uv ofhmutnctuid' hudyutnhu/sh i todmiuah/soahAunopnhau hfh  urdpmotofhu
 ladr hi iomputnoi u3 ci umdtusmh0lh r thA,uuRnhuldda ulh ayda' cmrhudyulc atorolc mti u; ucmAu4u3 ciu
 rdmioi thmtu3 otnutnhoauihfhahurdpmotofh ucmAu ompsoi tor uo' lc oa' hmti uahy hr thAuomutnhuv e gucmAutnhu
 D()e u?c tndspn ulc atorolc mtuBkuc iduihfhah xuo' lc oahAkulh ayda' hAuah ctofh  xu3 h  C,uuRnoi uoi u
 mdth3 datnxuyad' utnhuldomtudyufoh3 udyuldi io. hu' cmols ctodmikuiomrhu.dt nulc atorolc mti u; ucmAu4u
 lh ayda' hAuah ctofh  x u3 h  uomutnh uihmthmrh utci Ii kurdmyoa' omputnct u hmptn ucmAurdmrhlt sc  u
 rd' l h0otx uci u3 h  uci uomrahcihAurdpmotofh uladr hi iompuAh' cmAiuAhrahcihutnhu oIh  onddAudyu
 isr rhi i ys urd' ' smorctodmuciu' sr nuciudau'dahutncmu ompsoi torurd' l h0otx,uu
 +R  ?!    ! , ! -   $     
Dfhacphulh ayda' cmrhudyutnhupadsl udmutnhuK adxc ui rcmAc J ulc acpacln uoi ui s' ' caoihAuomutc. hu";, u
 - opnt udyutnhumomhulc atorolc mti uo' ladfh Auyad' utnhurd' l h0 utd utnhuio' l hurdmAot dm,uuRnhu
 lad.c .o otxudyud.i hafomputnoi uci ucuahis tudyurncmrhuoi ul6 OkO:ucmAutnhuahis tuydautnhupadsl uoi utnsi u
 iopmoyorcmtuctutnhuHEu hfh  ,u
 Rc. hu";quuDfhacphuo' ladfh ' hmtuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l huydautnhuK Tdxc uircmAc J uis.t hi t
 DfhacphuirdahusmAhaurd' l h0urdmAot dm "kLL
 DfhacphuirdahusmAhauio' l hurdmAot dm ;kLL
 Dfhacphuo' ladfh ' hmtuyad'urd' l h0utduio' l h :k:
 7hayda' cmrhudyuomAof Asc ulc atorolc mti uoi uind3 muomuyopsahu? udmutnhuyd  d3 ompulc ph, uu1 mhu
 lc atorolc mtu?lcatorolc mtuBCuo' ladfh Auyad' ucui rdahudyuOusmAhautnhurd' l h0urdmAot dmutducui rdahudyu
 " usmAhautnhurd' l h0,uuP otnui rdahi uci u d3 uci utnoikund3 hfhakuotuoi uAoyyors t utducttao.st hutnhu
 Aoyyhahmrhutducmxtnompudtnhautncmurncmrh,uugo' o cauAoyyors tohi u3 otnutnhuomthalahtctodmudyuahis tiu
 55
dr rsauydaulc atorolc mti u" ucmAu4u3 nduc idud.t comhAui rdahi u3 h  usmAhauHOEusmAhautnhuio' l hu
 rdmAot dm,u
 O
 "
 :
 ;
 4
 H
 B
 S
 L
 " : ; 4 H B S L ?
 7catorol cmtu2 s' . ha
 2s
 '.
 haud
 yu)
 daa
 hrt
 uTh
 ild
 mih
 i
 ) d' l  h0
 go' l  h
 9opsahu?quuThis tiudyuVadxc uircmAc Vuis.t hi t
 1 m xu; ulc atorolc mti ud.t comhAu' dahutncmuHOEusmAhautnhuio' l hurdmAot dmkuispphi tomputnctutnoiu
 lc acpaclnu3 ciu' dahuAoyyors tuydautnhulc atorolc mtiutdusmAhaitcmAutncmutnhulahfodsi udmh,uuRnoiu3 ciucu
 i salaoiompuyomAompuomufoh3 udyutnhuycr tutnctutnhuVadxc ui rcmAc Vu3 ci ursaahmtucmAulc atorolc mti u' cxu
 ncfhuncAu' dahuh0ldi sahutdutnhurdmthmtufocutnhumh3 iu' hAoc,uuwtuoikund3 hfhakuldi io. hutnctutnoiu' cxu
 ncfh uomrahcihAulc atorolc mtiburdmysiodmuu.h rcsi hutnhoaulahfodsi uImd3  hAphudyutnhutdlor uncAumdtu
 .h hmurdaahr t xuhmrdAhA,uuRnhuyc. hutci IkudmutnhudtnhauncmAkutcli uomtdud Ahaui tdahi udyu3 da Au
 Imd3  hAphucmAulh aidmc ufc  shiku3 norn u' cx ucrrdsmtuydauoti upahcthaucrrhi io.o otx utd utnhu
 lc atorolc mti ,uu
 ? caIhAu/sc  otctofhuAoyyhahmrhiu3 hahud.i hafhAuomulc atorolc mtiu"k;kuBucmAu?uydau.dt nuAoirdsaihutci Ii u
 3 otnutnhuyd  d3 ompuyhctsahi u.hompumdthAuomuc  uydsaulcatorolc mtiusmAhautnhurd' l h0urdmAot dmiq
 Nuahi tctompudyutnhu/shi todmG
 56
Nu hmptnxkuomrdnhahmtuahildmihiG
 Nutcmphmtoc udauoaah hfcmtuahildmihi ,
 gd' huahildmihiucahutacmirao.h Au.h d3 utduh0h' l oyxutnoi ,
 7catorolc mtu"uomuahildmihutdutnhu/shi todmuqu3nctuAoAutnhuyca' hauu3cmtutduthcrnunoiuidmi?u
 "To copy... to follow him.....to be like him".
 ?io' l hC
 "I want to tell you this that nowadays everything is keeping up with the Jones' as you know.  I  
only want to know .... I keep all right so that I can manage on my own.  My kids can be all right  
on their own.  I don't ask them to take me out.  I don't ask them to take me to a show, which I  
would like very often.  And the bank, and my ...."
 ?rd' l h0C
 gs.8hr tu;uomuahildmihutdutnhu/shi todmqu3ciu7aomrhi iueocmcuncllxudauicA?
 "I don't know."u
 ?io' l hC
 VOh really, you know, that's a hard answer.  I really don't know this royalty.  Royalty is nothing  
to me.  I've been to England, of course.  I've seen a lot of places in England, but I'm quite happy 
here."
 ?rd' l h0C
 7catorolc mtuBuomuahildmihutdutnhu/shi todmqu3nctuAoAutnhuyca' hau3cmtutduthcrnunoiuidmi?
 VHe wanted them to be rich.  They had to learn to work hard."
 ?io' l hC
 "What did he want to teach them?  Yes, he wanted to teach them.  You find that quite often, don't  
you.?
 ?ahihcarnhauci Ii uV3nctu3 ciuotutnctutnhuyca' hau3 cmthAutduthcrnutnh' ?CuOh, that's what you want is  
it.  Well I'm not quite sure what that means for it.u?ahahcAiulc i icphutdunhaih yCu?smomth  opo. huBu
 ix  c. hiC, He wanted them to follow in his steps ?ahcAompCV,
 ?rd' l h0C
 7catorolc mtu?uomuahildmihutdutnhu/sh i todmuqu3 nxucahutnhu(aotoinulh dl husli htu3 otnu)nc a hi ucmAu
 e ocmc?
 VWell they're unimpressed with all the scandals."
 ?io' l hC
 57
VWell I don't know about these British really.  Some of my relatives go shopping there.  I've  
never been to England.  My uncle and auntie wanted to take me when I was 18 but my father  
said `no, Bess will stay here", so I've never been to England you see........."
 ?rd' l h0C
 wtucllh cahAutnctulc atorolc mti u3 hahu hi i uc. hutdusto oihurd' lh mictdaxui tacthpohi uomutnhuAoi rdsaihu
 tci Ii utncmutnhxuncAu.h hmuomuomAof Asc uihmthmrhi ,uu%d3 hfhakutnhur  hcauAoyyhahmrhiuomuahildmihucmAu
 rdnhahmrhurds Aucpcomu.h uihhmuciuomAorctodmiutdutnhuomtha drstdaudyu.ahcIAd3 muomurd' lahnhmiodmu
 cmAutnsi uci urd' lhmictdaxuomuid' huihmih,uuwmuphmhac kutnhuAoyyhahmrhiku.dt nu/sc mtotctofh ucmAu
 /sc  otctofhku.h t3 hhmutnhut3 durdmAot dmiku3 hahufhaxui ' c  ,uu7di io. hurdpmotofhN ompsoi tor uahcidmiu
 ydautnoi ucahuAoi rsi ihAu.h  d3 ,uu%d3 hfhakucmdtnhauh0l cmctodmu' cxu ohuomutnhumctsahudyutnhutci Ii u
 tnh' ih fh i ,uuDmusmydatsmcthu o' otctodmudyutnhuAoirdsaihutci Ii uomutnoi ui tsAxu3 ci utnhuahi taor thAu
 omroAhmrhudyuhcrnudyutnhufc aoc. hi uomutnhulc acpacln utci Ii ,uuwtuoi ulad.c . hutnctucuycaupahcthauinoytu
 yad' urd' l h0utduio' l hu3 ds Auncfhu.h hmud.i hafhAuncAuhcrnufc aoc. hu.h hmuh0c' omhAuomuoti ud3 mu
 Aoirdsaihurdmth0t,uuDiuAoi rsi ihAuomutnhu' htndAd dpxkund3 hfhakutnoi u3 ds AuncfhuicraoyorhAuVahc N
  oyhVucll orc.o otxudyutnhutci Ii ,
 v - 2 - TDMuewg)Wggw12
 D  ulc atorolc mtiuind3 hAucmuo' ladfh ' hmtuyad' urd' l h0utduio' l hurdmAot dmiku.st uomuphmhac utnhahu
 3 ciucuAoi rahlc mrxu.h t3 hhmutnhoaulh ayda' cmrhudmutnhuihmthmrhu hfh  utci Ii ucmAutnhuAoi rdsaihu hfh  ,u
 wmutnhuclnc ior uldls ctodmkutnhahuoi uc.smAcmtu othactsahutduispphi tutnctui s.8 hr ti ulh ayda' u.h tthaudmu
 Aoirdsaihutci Ii utncmudmuihmthmrhi uci ucuahis tudyutnhupahcthaums' .h audyurshi ucmAutnhuahAsmAcmrxu
 cyydaAhAu.x urdmth0tsc  uomyda'ctodmuctutnhuAoirdsaihu hfh  ,uuRnhurdad  caxudyutnoiu' cxutnhmu.h utashu
 dyutnhuDe uldls ctodmkumc' h xkutnctulh dl hu3 otnuDe ucahu hi i uc. hutdu' cIh usi hudyurdmth0tsc  u
 omyda'ctodmucmAuAoi rdsaihuahAsmAcmrxucmAunhmrhurd' lahnhmAu.h tthauctuihmthmrhu hfh  ,uu1 mhu
 ldi io. huh0l cmctodmuydautnoiuoiutnhuahidsarhuc  drctodmu'dAh uAoi rsi ihAuomu'dahuAhtco u ctha,
 58
D thamctofh  xkutnhuAoi rahlc mrxu.h t3 hhmuihmthmrhucmAuAoi rdsaihu hfh  i u' cxu.h uci ucuahis tudyutnhu
  !    udyutnhurdmth0tkuomutnoi urcihutnhuAoi rdsaihutci Ii ,uugd' hui slldat uydautnoi unxldt nhioi urd' hiu
 yad' utnhuahihcarnhabi ur  omorc uo' lahi iodmutnct utnhahu3 ci uc id uc uAoi rahlc mrx u.h t3 hhmutnhu
 lc atorolc mtibulhayda' cmrhudmutnhuyda'c uAoirdsaihutci Ii ucmAutnhoaurdmfhaictodmc uAoirdsaihuc.o otx,u
 D tndspnucmhrAdtc uomumctsahkutnhuyd  d3 ompuh0c' l hunopn opntiutnoi ,
 Di uAoi rsi ihAulahfodsi  xkulc atorolc mtu; ulh ayda' hAufhaxuldda xuomutnhuAoirdsaihutci Ii kuhfhmusmAhau
 tnhuio' l hurdmAot dmi,uuRnoi u3 ci uomu' caIhAurdmtaci tutdunhau caph xui sr rhi i ys uAoi rdsaihuomucu
 ahrdaAhAuildmtcmhdsi urdmfhaictodmu3 nhahuot ucllh cahAutnct unhaurd' lahnhmiodmu3 ci u caph xu
 crrsacthu?tacmirao.h Auomutnhuth0tu.d0C,
 wtutnsi ucllh cahAutnctulh aidmc uic ohmrhudyutnhutdlor ul cxhAucu' c8dauad huomuycro otctompuisr rhi i ys u
 rd' ' smorctodmucmAurd' lahnhmiodmuomulc ator s ca,uRnoiunopn opnthAutnhuAoyyors txkucmAulh ancli utnhu
 69
 ? ddIompuctulndtdpaclni udyunhauAdpiC
 7DTRw)w7D2 RquI love my doggies.  That one's ... what's her name?  And that's Nola.
 T- g- DT)% - TquuThe pointer?
 7DTRw)w7D2 RquuYes, that's it.  Pointer.  She's lovely.  But she's gone now you know.  ?itcatiutdu
 raxC,uuThirteen years old and lovely.  We had to ..... she.... we had to ....
 T- g- DT)% - TquuDid you have to have Nola put down?
 7DTRw)w7D2 RquuIt was the cancer.  Oh dear, the doggies.
 T- g- DT)% - TquuThat's the hard part of having pets, isn't it.
 7DTRw)w7D2 RquuHave you got dogs?
 T- g- DT)% - TquuYes, I've also got a labrador, a black labrador like this one in the photo, and 
then another one.
 7DTRw)w7D2 RquuWhat kind?
 T- g- DT)% - TquuOh, she's a bit of a mixture,
 7DTRw)w7D2 RquuThat's also good.  Lovely to have dogs.  Labradors.  I love Labs.  Bushy! 
That's my lab.  Oh, she's so big and ?mdmNilh royoruphi tsahudyuio5hCuand ... big.  Big dogs, I like  
big dogs.  Not the little ones - too snippy.
 T- g- DT)% - TquuYes, small dogs can be a bit yappy.
 7DTRw)w7D2 RquuOh, it's nice to see you.  Nice to talk to someone who loves them. My doggies 
and my garden.  All its little hoekies and ?smomth  opo. hCuhoekies.  I'm always seeing.. what's  
here?  What's new?  I love it, my hoekies and my doggies.
omclladlao cthmhi ikudyuctth' lt omputduhfc  sc thurd' lahnhmiodmusmAhauK  c.dac tdaxVurdmAot dmiuomucu
 ldls ctodmu3 nducahuc ahcAxurdmysihAucmAu' cxu.h ui tadmp xuah ocmtudmuhmfoadm' hmtc ucmAulh aidmc u
 3 da ANImd3 hAphurshi ,uuDpcomkuotuoi uldi io. hutnctuAhrdmth0tsc  oihAutci Ii uysatnhauAhl hthutnhu
 ahidsarhiutnctutnhuAh' hmtompuomAof Asc urcmuc  drcthutdu cmpscphuladrhi iomp,u
 Rduthi tutnoi unxldt nhioi uysatnhakuc .h otumdtusmAhauaopdadsiurdmAot dmikutnhuahihcarnhaulahihmthAutnoiu
 lc atorolc mtu3 otnucuindatu3 aotthmulc acpacln uc.dst unhaud3 muAdpi,uuRnoiu3 ci ulahihmthAusi ompuio' l hu
  cmpscphkucmAutnhulc atorolc mtu3 ciuci IhAucuihaohiudyu/sh i todmi,uuwmurdmtaci tutdunhau.h i tulh ayda' cmrhu
 dyuHOEurdaahr tuahildmihi uomutnhuVTdxc ugrcmAc Vulc i i cphkucmAu;;E uomutnhuV9ca' haucmAugdmiVu
 lc i i cphu?.dt nusmAhautnhuio' l hurdmAot dmCkuomutnoi ulh aidmc  xuic ohmtulc i i cphkuinhucrnohfhAuBOEu
 rdaahr tuahildmihi,uu9satnha' dahkuAopahi iofhuahildmihiu3hahu caph xuah hfcmtutdutnhutdlor ,
 R        !    ! &    &    !   !      #   .    &   
L si tucmAu)c alhmthau?"??:CucmAu? oxcIhku)c alhmthaucmAuL si tu?"??4Cuncfh uladldi hAucu' dAh udyu
 Vrclc rotxurdmitacomtiVuomu.dt numda' c ucmAuclnc ior u cmpscphuladr hi iompucr rdaAomputdu3 nornu
 ahAsrhAurclc rotxudyutnhu' h' daxbiurhmtac uh0hrstofhuahis tiuomurd' lahnhmiodmu.ahcIAd3 m,ugomrhku
 ci uAoirsi ihAuomutnhuomtadAsrtdaxuihr todmkutnhahuoiunxldt nhioihAutdu.h ucmuo' lc oa' hmtutdutnhurhmtac u
 h0hrstofh uomuAh' hmtockutnhu' dAh u' cxuncfh usto otxuydautnhuDe uldls ctodmuci u3 h  ,uuRnhutnhdaxu
 ispphi ti utnctuVtnhu3 daIompu' h' daxu?(c AAh hxbiurhmtac uh0hrstofhCurclc rotxurdmioi ti udyucuy h0o. xu
 Ahl dxc. huldd udyu o' othAurdpmotofh uahidsarhi utnct ui slldat i utnhut3 duysmrtodmiudyu3 daIompu
 ' h' daxkumc' h xurd' lst ctodmucmAui tdacphVu?? oxcIh uhtuc ku"??4C,uuP nhmutnhuAh' cmAudmutnhu
 ahidsarhiuoiunopnu?ciuydauh0c' l huomuixmtcr torc  xurd' l h0uihmthmrhiuciuladldi hAu.x u? oxcIhuhtuc u
 ?"??4CudauomuAoi rdsaihuladr hi iompu3 nhahutnhulh aidmu' si tuio' s tcmhdsi  xuladr hi i u ompsoi torku
 3 da ANImd3 hAphucmAu?c ahcAxuAhl hthACuih' cmtorucmAuhloidAoru' h' daxuomyda'ctodmCutnhmutnhahu
 3 o  u.hurd' lh totodmu.ht3 hhmutnhut3 duysmrtodmiuydautnhihu o' othAuahidsarhi ,
 62
DrrdaAomputdu? oxcIh uhtuc u?"??4Cutnoi uVtacAompuah ctodminolVurd' hi uomtdul cxu3 nhmutnhuldd udyu
 ahidsarhiuoiuc.dst utdu.huh0rhhAhAkucmAuotunciut3 duo' ldat cmturdmih/sh mrhiq
 9oait xkutnhahuoiucuAhNc  drctodmudyuahidsarhiuyad' utnhui tdacphurd' ldmhmtudyutnhu3 daIompu' h' dax,u
 Rnoiuispphi ti uomutsamutnctutnhu' dahurd' l h0utnhuomyda'ctodmutdu.h ucmc xihAucmAui tdahAkutnhu' dahu
  oIh  xutnhahuoi utdu.h uo' lc oahAui tdacphkuoh,utnhupahcthautnhurd' lst ctodmc uAh' cmAikutnhu hi i u oIh  xu
 tnhahuoi utdu.h uhyyhr tofh ui tdacph,uuD tndspn utnhu' dAh ucr rdsmti uydau        u hfh  uladr hi iompu
 Ahyorotikuotuihh' i utduispphi tutnctutnoi utacAompuhyyhr tu' cxu.h uhfhmupahcthauctutnhuAoi rdsaihu hfh  u
 3 nhahutnhahuoi u.dt nucupahcthaumhAuydaudmN omhui tdacphu! , ucuAhl htodmuomucrrhi i utdu' h' daxuydau
 rd' lst ctodm,u
 RnhuihrdmAurdmih/sh mrhudyutnhutacAompuah ctodminol u.h t3 hhmurd' lst ctodmucmAuitdacphuladldi hAu
 .x u? oxcIhuhtuc u?"??4CuoiucuahAsrtodmuomutnhui lh hAudyuladr hi iomp,uuDiulc atudyutnhurxr  hkund3 hfhaku
 oyuladr hi iompuoi u' sr nui  d3 hautncmutnhuacthudyutnhuomrd' ompuomyda'ctodmkutnhmutnhui s.8hr tuoi u hi i u
  oIh  xutdurcaaxudstuc  udyutnhumhrhi icaxurd' lst ctodmiku3 otnutnhuahis tutnctuVculadr hi iompui  d3 Ad3mu
 h0hati ucui tadmpumhpctofh uomy shmrhudmu,,,, urd' lahnhmiodmu.x u' cIompuomnhahmt xuihfhahuto' hu
 rdmitacomti uomucsAotdaxurd' lahnhmiodmuhfhmu' dahuihfhahVu?? oxcIhkuhtuc ku"??4kulBL4C,uuRnoi uoi u
 rdmioi thmtu3 otnutnhuahis ti udyutnoi ui tsAxu3 nhahui  d3 hauladr hi iompudauAh cxhAuahildmihuto' hu
 dr rsaahAusmofhaic  xusmAhautnhurd' l h0urdmAot dmi,
 1 mhuyomc uyhctsahu ohikucpcomkuomutnhur  omorc ud.i hafctodmudyutnhulc atorolc mti u.x utnhuahihcarnhaquuc  u
 dyutnhulc atorolc mti u3 o  omp xuhmthahAuomtdutnhuthi tompuiotsc todmucmAuc  uctth' lt hAutduhmpcphudmu
 id' hu hfh  ,uuRnoiu3ciudythmuomurdmtaci tutdutnhuh0lh r tctodmiudyutnhumsaiompurcahpofhai,uuMoIh3 oihkuomu
 Aoir si iodmu3 otnulc atorolc mtibumh0tNdyNIomutnhahu3 ci udythmucuAoi rahlc mrxu.h t3 hhmutnhulh arhlt odmiu
 dyut3 d uah ctofh i udyutnhulc atorolc mtzi uc.o otx utd urd' lahnhmA,uuRnoi u' cx uispphi t utnct utnhu
 hmfoadm' hmtkucmAui lh royorc  x utnhucttotsAhucmAu.h ncfodsa udyutnhuomtha dr stdakuc id ul cx ucmu
 o' ldatcmtuad huomuycro otctompurd' lahnhmiodmuomutnhuAh' hmtompuomAof Asc ,uu
 60
9cr tdaiui sr nuci uVcttotsAhVu' cxu.h uAoyyors tu?dauo' ldi io. hCutdu' hcisahuh' loaorc  x,uuDiuMs.omiIou
 ?"??Hkul:SHCuldomti udst uVtnh uhmfoadm' hmtkuomurdmtaci t utd u c.dac tdaxurdmAot dmikuoi umdtu
 rdmtad  c. hV,uu%d3 hfhakuotucllh caiutncturd' lahnhmiodmuomuomAof Asc i u3 otnuDe u' cxuAhlh mAudmu
 cmuomthacr todmu.h t3 hhmutnahh uci lh r tiqu ompsoi tor urd' l h0otxku' h' daxuahidsarhi ucmAutnhu
 rd' ' smorctofhuhmfoadm' hmtkucmAucund oi toru' dAh udyurd' lahnhmiodmumhAiutdutcIhurdpmoicmrhudyu
 c  utnahh,uu
 63
CHAPTER ONI
 CDUCYSONDUO
 Thi hs s ht u dyt nysv e yds g a c
 s ompyprAlzy' rrD( )rDl yr, yDw'( mfDyroDyDbbD. rpy,b y( ' fm)AI' rmf/ ypDxDk'Iyx' km' -IDpy-,r oy' ry
 pDfrDf. Dy' fl y' rylmp. ,AkpDyIDxDIWyy Iro,A/o yroDyk' rm,f' IDyb,kyrompyM' pyr, yrkzyr, y/' mf y' y( ,kDy
 RkD' I1ImbD9y)Dkp)D. rmxDy,f y. ,( )kDoDfpm,f2 ymryM' py' y( ' ;,kyIm( mr' rm,f y,byroDyprAlz2ypmf. Dymry
 lml yf,r y' II,M yb,kypAbbm. Dfr Iz ymflD)royDw'( mf' rm,f y,b y' fz y,b yroDyx' km' -IDpWyynArAkDy
 kDpD' k.oy,byrompyf' rAkDyM,AIl yfDDl yr, ymf. IAlDy( ,kDyprm( AImyb,kyD' . oyx' km' -IDyr, y' II,Myb,ky
 ( ,kDykDIm' -IDy' fl ypzprD( ' rm. y( ' fm)AI' rm,fWyys oDylmbbDkDfr ykDp),fp Dy( ,lD pykD3AmkDl yb,ky
 roDylmbbDkDfr yx' km' -IDpyM' py' Ip, y' y( ' ;,k yIm( mr' rm,fWyy pylmp. AppDl ymf y. o' )rDkyq2ymrympybDIry
 ro' ryroDyDw)kDppmxDy. ,( ),fD fr y,b yroDya mkD. rfDppypA-rDpry/kD' rIz ymfbIADf. Dl yroDykDpAIrpy
 ,-r ' mfDlWyy
 s oDyp( ' IIyp' ( )IDypm"Dy)kD. IAlDpy/DfDk'Im"' rm,f2 y' pyl,D pyroDyAfp. mDfrmbm. y( Dro,l y,by
 kD' . omf/ y' ylm' /f,p mpWyyv ,MDxDk2yroDyI' rrDkympyImSDIzyr, ykD( ' mf y' ykD' Imrzymf yd,Aroy bkm. ' yb,ky
 ' pyI,f/y ' pyroDkDympy' y/DfDk'IIzyfmomImprm. y' rrmrAlDyr,y)D,)I DyMmroylD( Dfrm' 2yMo,y' kDyf,r ypDDf y
 ' py'y)km,kmrzymfyroDy.' pDI,' ly,byroDy'xDk' /DyfDAk,I,/mpry,ky)ozpm. m' fW
 e x' IA'rmf/ y. ,( )kDoDfpm,f ymf ylmp. ,AkpDyr' pSpyM' py' f y' rrD( )ryr, yDwrDfl yrDprmf/ y-Dz,fl yroDy
 pDfrDf. DyIDxDIWyyv ,MDxDk2ymryM,AIl yo' xDy-DDf ylDpmk'-IDyb,kyrompyr, yo' xDy-DDf ybAkroDky
 DwrDflDl yr, y. ,fxDkp' rm,f' IypDrrmf/p yMoDkDyroDy( ' fm)AI' rm,fp yMDkDy. ' kkmDl y,Ary-z yroDy
 . ' kD/mxDkWyysompympy'fym( ),kr ' fr ylmkD. rm,fyb,kybArAkDykDpD' k.oW
 Ot u OTg dht u d
  Iro,A/oy,byfD. Dppmrzy)kDIm( mf' kz2ykDpAIrpy,byrompyprAlzypA//Dpryro' ry( ' fm)AI' rmf/y roDyb,Aky
 x' km' -IDpy. ' f ykDpAIrymf ym( )k,xDl y. ,( )kDoDfpm,fWyys o' ryrompyDbbD. rympyIDppy( ' kSDl ymf y
 B4
lmp. ,AkpDyro' f y' ryroDypDfrDf. DyIDxDIypA//Dprpyro' ry,r oDkyx' km' -IDp2ymf y' llmrm,f yr, yroDy
 Imf/Amprm. 2y. ,fr km-ArDyr, yroDy a ymflmxmlA' I:py' -mImrzyr, y. ,( )kDoDflWyys oDpDy( ' zymf. IAlDy
 roDy. ,fr Dwry,b yroDy' ppDpp( Dfr2yroDy)Dkp,f' Iyp' ImDf. Dy,b yroDyr,)m. y' fl yroDy' rrmrAlDy,byroDy
 mfrDkI,. Ar,kWyydA.oyb' . r,kpy. ' f y,fI zy-Dy( D' pAkDl ymf yroDyLkD' I1ImbDLy. ,fr Dwry,byf' rAk'Imprm. y
 . ,fxDkp' rm,f y' fl yroDkDympy. ID' kIzy' yfDDl yr, y. ,flA. ry. ' kDbAI2yD. ,I ,/m. ' IIzyx' Iml2ykDpD' k.oy
 mfr,yroDpDy'kD' pW
 t byf,r DyM' pyroDybmflmf/ yro' ry( ' fm)AI' rmf/ ymflmxmlA' Iyx' km' -IDpyo' l y' ylmbbDkDfrm' IyDbbD. ry
 ' . k,ppyroDypA-;D. rpWyys ompy. ,fbmk( pyroDyfDDl yb,ky. ' kDbAIy' ppDpp( Dfry)km,kyr, yD( -' kSmf/ y,f y
 ' y. ' kD/mxDkyrk'mfmf/ y)k,/k' ( ( D2yp, yro' ry. ' kD/mxDkpy. ' f y-Dyr' A/oryr, y( ' fm)AI' rDyro,pDy
 p)D. mbm. yx'km' -IDpyMom. oyb'. mImr' rDy.,( )kDoDfpm,fyb,kyro' ryp)D. mbm. y)' rmDfrW
 d,( Dy. ,fp mprDfr ybD' rAkDpylml2yo,MDxDk2yD( Dk/DWyys oDpDymf. IAlDl y' ykDlA. Dl yp)DDl y,by
 )k,. Dppmf/ yAflDky( ,kDy. ,( )IDwy. ,flm rm,fp y' fl y' rrD( )rpyr, y. ,( )Dfp' rDWyyH oDkDyroDpDy
 ' rrD( )rpyMDkDyf,r ypA.. DppbAI2y. ,( )kDoDfpm,f y-kD' Sl,M f yM' pyDxmlDfr ymf yroDymf. kD' pDl y
 ,Ar)Ary' fl yroDylD. kD' pDl y. ,oDkDf. Dy,b yroDykDp),fp DpWyys oDpDybD' rAkDpypo,AIl y-Dy
 mf. ,k),k' rDl ymfr , y. ' kD/mxDkyrk'mfmf/ y)k,/k' ( ( Dp2y' Iro,A/o yv ,))D ky??EEC0y. ' Arm,fp yro' ry
 pI,Mmf/ yk' rDy,byp)DD. oyr,, y( A.oy( ' zy' Ip, y( ' SDy. ,( )kDoDfpm,f y( ,kDylmbbm. AIry-D. ' ApDy,by
 roDyfDDlyr,ypr,kDymfb,k( ' rm,fyb,kyI,f/D ky)Dkm,lp y,byrm( DWW
 8DpD' k.oDkpymfr , yroDy' kD' y,b y. ,( )kDoDfpm,f ymf y a y' kDy)kDpDfrDl yMmroy' y. o' IIDf/D%y
 f' ( DIz2yr, ymfxDprm/' rDyD' . oymflmxmlA' Iyx' km' -IDymf y( ,kDylDr' mI2y-Ary' Ip, yr, y)AryroD( y
 r,/D roDkymfr , yp,( DySmfl y,b y( D' fmf/bAI2ybAf.rm,f' IyMo,I D2ypmf. D2y' pyroDykDpAIrpy,b yrompy
 prAlzymflm. ' rD2y. ,( )kDoDfpm,f ympy( ,kDy?,k2ymf yp,( Dy. ' pDpyIDpp0yro' f yroDypA( y,b y' IIymrpy
 )' krpWyyhryM,AIl ypDD( yro' ryroDyM' zyb,kM' klyImDpymf ymflD)roymflmxmlA' Iy. ' pDyprAlmDpWyydA.oy
 prAlmDpypo,AIl ypDDSyr, ymlDfrmbzypm/fmbm. ' fr yx' km' -IDp2yDx' IA'rDyroDypA-;D. r:pykDp),fp Dyr, y
 pm( )Imbm. ' rm,f y,b yroDpDyx' km' -IDp2y' fl yroDf2y( ,p rym( ),kr ' fr Iz2yrk'mf yroDy. ' kD/mxDkymf yrompy
 Bq
pm( )Imbm. ' rm,fWyys oDyI' rrDkympy. kA.m' I%yymbyrk'mfmf/ yroDy. ' kD/mxDkyr, y( ,lmbzyompPoDkymf)Aryl,D py
 f,r ykDpAIrymf ym( )k,xDl y. ,fxDkp' rm,f yroDf yroDykDpAIrpy,b yroDy. AkkDfr y' fl y' fz y,r oDkyprAlzy
 ,fI zy/mxDyApymfrDkDprmf/ ymfb,k( ' rm,f y' -,Ar yo,MylD( Dfrmf/ y)D,)I Dy)k,. DppyI' f/A' /Dy' fl y
 l, yf,r y. ,fr km-ArDyr, yIDppDfmf/ yroDy-AklDf y,b y. ' kDy,k yID' l yr, y' fz ym( )k,xD( Dfr ymf yroDy
 3A'Imrzy,byImbDy,byroDy a y)' rmDfrWyys ompympyMo' ryO' ( ) y??EEC0ykDbDkpyr, y' pyroDy. o' IIDf/Dy,by
 RlmbbApm,f9 y' fl yoDypr' rDpybAkroDkyro' ryR? ymfrDkxDfrm,fp y' kDyf,r yrkAIzyDbbD. rmxDyAfIDppyroDzy
 ' kDylmppD( mf' rDl9 y?)4VN0Wy
 s ompy),p Dpy' ybAkroDky. o' IIDf/D y-,r oyr, ykDpD' k.oDkpy' fl y. Imfm. m' fp%yyMDyAk/Dfr IzykD3AmkDy
 x' Iml2ykDIm' -IDy( Dro,lp y,byDx' IA'rmf/yroDypA.. Dppy,bykD' Iy.,fxDkp' rm,f' IymfrDk' . rm,fp W
 g frmIyMDyo' xDypA.oy( D' pAkDp2yMDyMmIIyprkA//IDyr, y,xDk.,( DyroDylmID( ( ' yro' ryM' py
 Dw)DkmDf. Dl y,xDky' fl y,xDky' /' mf ymf yrompyprAlz%yyMo' ry a y)' rmDfrpyl, y,f yrDprpy,brDf yl,D py
 f,r ykDbID. ryyroDmky' . rA'Iy. ,( ( Afm. ' rmxDy. ,( )DrDf. DWyy py)k,bDppm,f' IpyMDySf,M yrompy' fl y
 ' kDy' llkDppmf/ ymry. ,fp r' fr Iz yMmroy,r oDky),)AI ' rm,fp 2y-AryroDymppADy-D. ,( Dpyb'ky( ,kDy
 . kmrm. ' IymfyM,kSmf/yMmroy'y),)AI' rm,fyMo,y' kDy.,fbApDl2y.,f. kDrDy'fly. ,fr Dwr1-,AflW
 hfyM,kSmf/ yMmroy( ,kDypDxDkDIzym( )' mkDl ymflmxmlA' Ip2y,fD y( Apry3ADprm,f yroDyx' Imlmrzy,by
 b,k( ' I2ylDbm. mry,kmDfrDl yrDprpWyyt -xm,ApIz yroDpDyo' xDyroDmky)I ' . Dymf yroDylmbbDkDfrm' Iy
 lm' /f,p mpy,b yD' kIz ypr' /DylD( Dfrm' 2y-AryroDkD' brDkyroDkDympy' yfDDl yr, y( ,xDyr,M' klpy
 ( D' pAkDpyMom. oyMmIIyb,prDky' y( ,kDy),p mrmxDyxmDMy,b ylD( DfrDl y)' rmDfrp2ymlDfrmbzmf/ y
 kD' Imprm. y/,' Ipyb,kymfrDkxDfrm,f y' fl yr' Smf/ y. ,/fmp' f. Dy,b y)' rmDfrp:y' M' kDfDppy,b yroDmky
 lDbm. mrpWyys oDykDpAIrpy,byrompy)kDIm( mf' kzyprAlzypA//Dpryro' ryroDy' kD' y,bylD( Dfrm' ympymflDDl y
 ' y),r Dfrm' IIzybkAmrbAIy,fD yr, yDw)I,kDyroDyL( ' kkm' /DLy,b yrk' lmrm,f' IyImf/Amprm. y' ))k,' . oDpy
 Mmroy( ,kDy.,fr D( ),k' kzybAf.rm,f' Iy,ky)k'/( ' rm. y,fDpyr,y-,r oylm' /f,p mpy'flyrkD' r( DfrW
 TA-mfpSmy?CVVq2y)?BC0y' )r IzypA( pyA)yroDpDy. o' IIDf/Dpymf yoDkypr' rD( Dfryro' ryyLWWWylD( Dfrm' 2y
 roDyDfxmk,f( Dfr y' fl y. ,( ( Afm. ' rm,f y. ,fp mlDkDl ymflmxmlA' IIzy,kymf y. ,( -mf' rm,f y' kDyxDkzy
 BN
. ,( )IDwWyh( )k,xmf/ yroDy. ,( ( Afm. ' rmxDyDfxmk,f( Dfr y,bylD( DfrDl y)Dkp,fp ykD3AmkDpyro' ry
 MDy.o' IIDf/Dy,AkpDIxDpyr,y,km/mf' Iy'fly)k,lA. rmxDyromfSmf/WL
 hbyroDy' -mImrzyr, y. ,( )kDoDfl ympymfbIADf. Dl y' pylD)m. rDl ymf ybm/AkDyCEy-DI,M2yroDf y' rrD( )rpyr, y
 m( )k,xDy. ,( )kDoDfpm,f ymf y a y( Apryr' SDy. ,/fmp' f. Dy,b yx' km' -IDpy,xDky' fl y' -,xDy
 Imf/Amprm. y.,( )IDwmrzWyysoDkDyroApyDwmprpy'yxDkzyI' k/Dy'kD' yb,ky),rDfrm' IIzybkAmrbAIykDpD' k.oW
 nm/AkDyCE%yy?k,),p Dly( ,lD Iyb,kyroDyb'. r,kpy'bbD. rmf/yI' f/A' /Dy.,( )kDoDfpm,f
 hi ?ThO s ht u dynt 8yng 8s v e 8y8e de  8Ov
  pypr' rDl y)kDxm,ApIz2yroDykDpAIrpy,byrompyprAlzyom/oIm/or yroDyfDDl yb,kybAkroDkykDpD' k.oymfr , y
 roDy' kD' y,byImf/Amprm. y. ,( )IDwmrzWyys ompymf. IAlDpy,r oDkyrz)Dpy,bypzfr ' . rm. yprkA.rAkDy' pyMDIIy
 ' pymfxDprm/' rm,f ymfr , yMoDroDkymrympypzfr ' . rm. y. ,( )IDwmrzyMom. oy' bbD. rpy. ,( )kDoDfpm,f2 y,ky
 roDyfA( -Dky,b y)k,),p mrm,fp Wyys oDyMo,I DymppADy,b y. ,( )IDwmrz2ymf yb' . r2ympy,fD yMom. oy
 BB
 Tmf/Amprm.
 . ,( )IDwmrz
 O,( ( Afm. ' rmx
 Dy
 Dfxmk,f( Dfr
 i D( ,kz
 kDp,Ak.Dp
  rrmrAlDy,b
 mfrDkI,. Ar,k
 O,fr Dwr
 7 ,' Ip2y'rrmrAlDp
 ' fly( ,r mx' rm,f
 CDV PREHEUONDU
M' kk'frpy/kD' rDky' rrDfrm,f2 y-,r oymf yf,k( ' IyI' f/A' /Dy)k,. Dppmf/ y' fl ymf ymflmxmlA' IpyMmroy
 m( )' mkDl yI' f/A' /DWyyH o' rympymryro' ry( ' SDpy,fD yArDk'f. Dy( ,kDy. ,( )IDwyro' f y' f,r oDkFy
 v ,Mympyrompy' bbD. rDl y-z y)km,kyDw)DkmDf. D2yroDy. ,fr Dwry' fl yroDy/,' Ipy' fl y( ,r mx' rm,fp y,byroDy
 ImprDfDkF
 8DpD' k.oDkpypA.oy' pyTA-mfpSmy?CVVq0yo' xDylD( ,fp rk' rDl yroDymfbIADf. Dy,byroDyDfxmk,f( Dfr y
 ,f y. ,( ( Afm. ' rmxDypA.. DppWyyv ,MDxDk2yroDykDI' rm,fp om) y-DrMDDf yroDyDfxmk,f( Dfr y' fl y
 . ,( )kDoDfpm,f yp)D. mbm. ' IIzyprmIIykD3AmkDpybAkroDkymfxDprm/' rm,fWyys oDy/,' Ip2y' rrmrAlDpy' fl y
 ( ,r mx' rm,f y,b yroDyImprDfDk2y)k,-' -I zymfbIADf. Dl y-z yroDylD/kDDy,by)Dkp,f' IykDIDx' f. Dy' kDy
 ' Ip, ySDzy' kD' pyb,kybArAkDykDpD' k.oWyys oDpD2yr,/D roDkyMmroyroDy' rrmrAlDy,byroDymfrDkI,. Ar,k2y
 ' kD2y,by. ,AkpD2y( ,kDylmbbm. AIryr, y( D' pAkDyAflDkyRI' -,k' r,kz9y. ,flm rm,fp 2y' fl yMmIIykD3AmkDy
 . kD' rmxDyp,I Arm,fp Wyysompympy')r IzypA( ( DlyA)y-zyO'( )y??EEC0ymfyompypr' rD( Dfryro' r%
 Ry ybmf' Iy. o' f/D ymf y' rrmrAlDy( Apry,. . Akymf ykDpD' k.oDkp?hr yMmIIykD3AmkDyro' ry
 kDpD' k.oDkpyromfS y,b ymfrDkxDfrm,f y' py' yI' k/D1p. ' IDyDfrDk)kmpDWyyhryMmIIykD3AmkDyro' ry
 kDpD' k.oDkpy-DyMmIImf/ yr, yIDryroDmkymfrDkxDfrm,fp y-Dy' ))I mDl y-z yf,f1kDpD' k.oDkpymf y
 pDrrmf/p yMmro,Ar y/,,l yDw)Dkm( Dfr ' I y. ,fr k,IpWyyH mro,Ar yrompybmf' I yrk'fpmrm,f2 y
 kDpD' k.oDkpyMmIIyo' xDyr, y' . . D)r yroDyprk,f/ y),p pm-mImrzyro' ryroDmkymfrDkxDfrm,fp y( ' zy
 o' xDyf,y( D' fmf/bAIym( )' . r?9 y?)qC60W
 OThuhO Tyhi ?ThO s ht u d
 s oDybmflmf/p y,b yrompyprAlz2y' Iro,A/o y)kDIm( mf' kz2yl, yIDfl ypA)),kr yr, yroDymlD' yro' ry
 . ' kD/mxDkpy. ' f ykDI' rmxDIzyD' pmIzy( ,lmbzyroDmky,Mf ymf)Aryr, yDfo' f. DyroDy. ,( )kDoDfpm,f y,by
 lD( DfrDl y)D,)I Dymf yroDmky. ' kDWyys ompyprk,f/I zypA)),kr pyroDyk,IDy,byroDyd)DD. o1I' f/A' /Dy
 roDk')mpry' py' yrk'mfDk1.,fp AIr' fr yMmromf y,k/' fm"' rm,fp y' fl ymfprmrArm,fp ylDx,r Dl yr, yroDy. ' kDy
 ,b y)D,)I DyMmroylD( Dfrm' Wyyu ' rAk'IIz2yrompyl,D pyf,r yfD/' rDyroDym( ),kr ' f. Dy,b ylmkD. ry
 mfrDkxDfrm,f2 y-ArymrympyImSDIzyro' ryrompyMmIIykD( ' mf y' f y,)r m,f y,fI zyb,kyroDyxDkzy)kmxmID/Dl y
 bDMymf yd,Aroy bkm. ' yb,ky( ' fz yzD' kpyr, y. ,( DWyys oDyk,IDy,byrk'mfDk1.,fp AIr' fr2yo,MDxDk2ybmrpy
 xDkzyMDIIyMmromf yroDy( ,lD Iy,b y)km( ' kzyoD' Iroy. ' kDy' fl2 ymflDDl2ympy. ,fp mprDfr yMmroyroDy
 . ,fp AIr' rmxDy' ))k,' . oDpy' lx,. ' rDl ymf y,r oDky' kD' p y,b yp)DD. o1I' f/A' /D y)' ro,I ,/z y
 ?D/Wp. o,,I 1' /Dl y. omIlkDf yMmroyI' f/A' /Dym( )' mk( Dfr0Wyy pylmp. AppDl y' -,xD2yroDy. o' IIDf/Dy
 kD( ' mfp yb,kyd,Aro y bkm. ' f y. Imfm. m' fp yr, ylD( ,fp rk' rDyroDy-DfDbmrpy,b ypA.o ymflmkD. ry
 mfrDkxDfrm,fp ymfyrDk( py,kykDlA. Dly-AklDfy,by.' kDyb,kyroDy.' kD/mxDkpW
 Bj
Ot u OTg a hu7 y8ei  8G d
 s oDybmflmf/p y,byrompyprAlzy' kDy. ,fp mprDfryMmroyroDy( ,kDy( ,lD kfyxmDMy,bylD( Dfrm' y' py-Dmf/ y
 ' yrkD' r' -IDylmp,klDk2yMmro y. ,( ( Afm. ' rm,f ymf y a 2y' pyMmro y' II y,r oDkyfDAk,/Dfm. y
 . ,( ( Afm. ' rm,f ylmp,klDkp2yo' xmf/ y' kD' py,b yprkDf/r oy' fl yMD' SfDppy?v,))D kyDry' I2y?EEC0Wy
  py. ,f. IAlDl y-z y8m)m. oyDry' Iy?CVVC0yRy8DpAIrpypA//Dpryro' ry a y)' rmDfrpykD( ' mf y)k,' . rmxDy
 . ,( ( Afm. ' r,kpy' fl y. ,( )Dfp' r,kz ypombrpymf ylmp. ,AkpDy' kDy,. . Akkmf/ ymf yroDyD' kIz y' fl y
 ( mllI Dypr' /Dpy?Wys oDpDy. ,( )Dfp' r,kz ypombrpy),mfr yr, y' ykDr' mfDl ybIDwm-mImrz ymf yroDy
 . ,( ( Afm. ' rm,f ypzprD( WWWLy?)64C0Wy yhf y' llmrm,f yr, yroDy),r Dfrm' I yb,k ym( )k,xDl y
 . ,( ( Afm. ' rm,f2 ymfrDkxDfrm,fp y/D' kDl y' ry. ' kD/mxDkyrk'mfmf/ y' Ip, yo' xDyroDy),r Dfrm' Iyr, ypo' kDy
 rompy( ,kDy,)r m( mprm. y' rrmrAlD2y' fl2 yo,)DbAIIz2yoDI) yr, ylmp)DIyp,( Dy,b yroDyfmomImp( y
 pAkk,Aflmf/y a ymfy. ' kDyb'. mImrmDpymfyd,Aroy bkm. ' W
  Iro,A/o ymf ykD. Dfr yzD' kpyroDkDyo' py-DDf y' y)k,I mbDk'rm,f y,b yImrDk'rAkDyb,. AppDl y,f y
 mfrDkxDfrm,f2 y-z yb'kyroDy( ' ;,kmrzy,b yprAlmDpykD( ' mf ylm' /f,p rm. ymf y' ))k,' . oWyyt fDy( Apry
 3ADprm,f yroDyDrom. py,b ylm' /f,p mf/ y' fl ymlDfrmbzmf/ yMoDkDyrkD' r( Dfr ympyf,r y' rrD( )rDlWy
 s oD,kDrm. ' Iy' lx' f. Dpymf yAflDkpr' flmf/ y,b yI' f/A' /Dyo' xDy-DDf y. ,fp mlDk'-IDy-D. ' ApDy,by
 lD( Dfrm' yprAlmDp2y-ArymbyroDkDympyf,r yD3Amx' IDfr ykDpD' k.oymf y( Dro,lp y,bymfrDkxDfrm,f yroDf2y
 ' py' y)k,bDppm,f2 yMDy' kDy/AmIrzy,byDw)I,mr' rm,fWyys oDy. o' IIDf/DyroApykD( ' mfpyr, y. ,fr mfADyr, y
 lDxDI,)y' ))k,' . oDpyr,ymfrDkxDfrm,fy' flylDrDk( mfDyroDmkyDbbm. ' . zW
 LaD( Dfrm' y)' rmDfrpy. o' IIDf/DyApyr, yID' kfy( ,kDy' -,Ar yoA( ' f y( D( ,kz y' fl yroDykDI' rm,f y,by
 ( D( ,kz yr, yI' f/A' /DWyy py)k,bDppm,f' IpyMDy' kDy' Ip, y. o' IIDf/Dl yr, y)k,xmlDyDlA. ' rm,f yr, y
 . ' kD/mxDkpyMo, yfDDl yroDypSmIIpyr, y. kD' rDyDfxmk,f( Dfrpymf yMom. oy)' rmDfrpy. ' f ykDr' mf yroDmky
 lm/fmrz2ybDIypD. AkD2y'flybAf. rm,fy' ry.' )' . mrzL
 s ,( ,Dl' y'flyJ' zIDp2yCVVEWy)6Cj
  py)k,bDppm,f' Ipymf yd,Aroy bkm. ' 2yMDy' kDy' Ip, y. ' IIDl yA),f yr, ybmfl y. kD' rmxDyM' zpyr, y)k,xmlDy
 pDkxm. Dpyr, y' IIyMo, ykD3AmkDyroD( 2y' fl yr, yA)o,I l y,Aky,-I m/' rm,f yr, yroDyDIlDkIzy' pyDfpokmfDl y
 mfyroDyO,fprmrArm,f%
 RH D2yroDy)D,)I Dy,byd,Aroy bkm. '
 8D. ,/fmpDyroDymf; Aprm. Dpy,by,Aky)'pr2
 BV
v ,f,Akyro,pDyMo,ypAbbDkDlyb,ky;Aprm. Dy'flybkDDl,( ymfy,AkyI' fl2
 8Dp)D. ryro,pDyMo,yM,kSDlyr,y-AmIly' flylDxDI,)y,Aky.,Afr kz?9
 ??kD' ( -IDyr,yroDyO,fprmrArm,fy,byd,Aroy bkm. ' 0
 jE
























































CHAHCHPTHE
 Thi s tudyi nvegnvacsoi  nvmTvcupvrAl  i znv' D v(),,wfvei b cuzt. vbi b lAsvpizi AtlAcztluvtuv
 ToIyi tb i A/ v xhki . z -vvWMtpi u. i vRAlbv1lApvc  l. tcztlunvpiRtutztlunvcupvc  l. tczi vAcu9tudvzc 9 2v
 Journal of Speech and Hearing Researchnv;;-vv3q"S3OB2
 TRAt. cuv4cztluc ovgludAi  v(),,"fv A national health plan for South Africa.vryi vTRAt. cuv4cztluc ov
 gludAi   -vv:lyc uui  hxAd2
 Tb i At. cuvL s. ytczAt. vT  l. tcztluv(),,"fv(" zyvipfDiagnostic and statistical manual of mental 
disorders.vTb iAt. cuvL s. ytczAt. vT  l. tcztlu- vvDc ytudzlu2
 TupiA lunvWenvmi b Hoi Anv?vcupveb coonv:v(),,)fv Sentence comprehension in Alzheimer?s Disease:  
Explicit versus implicit access to linguistic knowledge2vLcHiAvHAi i uzi pvczvzyi vT. cpi b svlRv
 THyc tcvB,zyvTuuxcov' i i ztud-vv?zcos2
 THHioonv:nvvmiAzi  I2vTvcupvEt b cunv' v(),OBfvvTv zxpsvlRvocudxcdi vRxu.ztlut udvtuvToIyi tb i Av
 Hczti uz 2vBrain and Languagenv)q-vq;S,)2
 TA9tunve' v(),,OfvToIyi tb i Avbi b lAsvzActutud-vvHl tztMiv x. . i   i  vAiHot. czi p2vvAmerican Journal  
of Alzheimer?s Diseasenv);-)wBS)w"2
 TAb zAludnvvmTnvalAzy1 t. 9nveWvnvacsoi  nvmTvcupvrlb li pcnvgmv(),,Cfv0  tudvzyi vTAtI luc v
 ac zzi AsvRlAvglb xut. cztluv? t lApiA vlRv?i b i uztcvtuvzyi v0m2vEuropean Journal of Disorders of  
Communicationnv;)-vv)q)S)Ow2
 ac ppi oi snvT? v(),,Bfv' i b lAsvzyi lAsvcupvbi b lAsvzyiAcHs2v?uvDto lunvaTvcupv' lRRcznv4v(ip fv
 Clinical management of memory problems2vgycHbcuvcupv8coo-vv%luplu2
 ac ppi oi snvTnvPcoocAnv?vcupvDto lunvav(),Oqfvei uzi u. i vv.lb HAiyi u tluvcupvHyluloldt . cov
 b i b lAs-vvelb i vuixAlH s. yloldt . coviMtpi u. i 2v?uvglozyi cAznv' v(ipfvThe psychology of reading2v
 %c1 Aiu. i vWAohcxb vT  l. tczi  -vv%luplu2
 ac   lnvTv(),,;fvr yi AcHsvRlAvcHyc tcvtuv?zcos2v?uv8loocupnvT%vcupvElAhi nv' ' v(ip fvAphasia 
treatment:  World perspectives2vgycHbcuvcupv8coo-vv%luplu2
 ac soi  nvmTv(),OBfv%cudxcdi vRxu.ztluvtuv i utoi vpib i uztcnvBrain and Languagenv),-,OS))"2
 ac soi  nvmTvcupvallui nv?Vv(),OBfvryi vHlzi uztcovlRvocudxcdi vzc 9 vRlAvtpi uztRstudv i utoi v
 pi b i uztc2vJournal of Speech and Hearing Disordersnv"q-B)wSB)q2
 ac soi  vmTvcupvrlb li pcnvgmv(),O;fvgluRAluzcztluvucb tudvtb HctAbi uzvtuvpib i uztc2vBrain and 
Languagenv),nv,OS))"2
 ac soi  nvmTv(),O"fvv%cudxcdi vcupvpib i uztc2v?uv8loocupnvT%v(ipfvLanguage disorders in adults2v
 glo oi di S8toovLAi  -vvecuv?ti dl2
 Oq
ac soi  nvmTv(),O3fvglb b xut. cztluvtuvpib i uztc2v?uv0oczl1  9cnv8mv(ipfvThe Aging Brain2vrcsolAv
 cupvEAcu. t -vv%luplu2
 ac soi  nvmTvcupvmc Iutc9nvTD v(),OqfvCommunication and cognition in normal aging and 
dementia.vrcsolAvcupvEAcu. t -vv%luplu2
 ac soi  nvmTnvallui nv?Vnvrlb li pcnvgmnveocx lunvr:vcupvmc Iutc9nvTD v(),O,fv? tRRiAiuztcztudv
 ToIyi tb i AN vHczti uz vRAlbvzyi vulAbcoviopi Aosvcupv zAl9ivHczti uz v1tzyvcHyc tc2vJournal of Speech 
and Hearing Disordersnv3"-vvq"SOq2
 ac soi  nvmTvvcupvrlb li pcnvgmv(),,)fvgc AidtMiAvAiHlAzvlRvHAiMcoi u. i vcupvcHHicAcu. i vlApiAvlRv
 otudxt zt. v sb Hzlb  vtuvToIyi tb i AN vHczti uz 2vThe Gerontologistnv;)-vvB)wSB)C2
 ac soi  nvmTvcupvrlb li pcnvgmv(),,;fv The Arizona battery of communication disorders of  
dementia.vLAlSWp-vTx ztu2v
 ac soi  nvmTnvrlb li pcnvgmvvcupvVitunv:Tv(),,CfvLyAc i vAiHiztztluvtuvToIyi tb i AN vpt i c i -v
 WRRi. zvlRvbi cutudvcupvoi udzy2vBrain and Languagenv3"-vvB"CSBC)2
 ac soi  nvmTv(Bww)fv0upiA zcuptudvzyi vuixAlH s. yloldt . cov supAlb i vlRvpib i uztc2vSeminars in 
Speech and LanguagenvBBv("fvB3)SB3,2
 ai u lunv?Ev(),OCfvnvToIyi tb i A/ vpt i c i -vvryi vHiptdAi 2v?uve. yi thi onvTavcupvDi . y oi AnvTE(i p fv
 The biological substrates of Alzheimer's disease2vT. cpi b t. vLAi  -vv?Aocupl2
 ai A9lv?oi c lunv:nv?llpdo c  nv8nv?hoi Anv%nv?Ai unvWnv8spi nv' vcupvDi tuzAcxhnvev(),Owf2v
 4 cAAcztMiv zAczi dti  vlRvcHyc t. vcupvulAbcoS Hic9tudv xhki . z 2vJournal of Speech and Hearing 
ResearchnvB;-vv;qwS;OB2
 alo oi AnvEnvgloi nv' nvPAzxu 9tnvanvLczzi A lunv' vcupvmtb nv7v(),q,fvLcAcotudxt zt. vc Hi. z vlRv
 cxptzlAsv.lb HAiyi u tluvtuvcHyc tc2vBrain and Languagenvq-vv)C"S)q"2
 alxAdi lt  nv' ev(),,wfvvWuycu. tudv.luMiA cztluc ov 9too vtuvHczti uz v1tzyvToIyi tb i AN v?t i c i v
 x tudvcvHAl zyi zt. vbi b lAsvctp2vJournal of Applied Behavioral AnalysisnvB;-vB,S"B2
 aAll9 ytAinvV82vcupv4t. yloc nv%W2v(),O"fvvglbHAiyi u tluvlRvptAi. zosvcupvtuptAi. zosv zczi pvbctuv
 tpi c vcupvpizcto vtuvpt . lxA i vhsvhActuvpcb cdi pvcupvuluvhActuvpcb cdi pvot zi ui A . Brain and 
Language,vB)-B)S;C2
 gc b Hnvg:v(Bww)fvEAlbviRRt. c. svzlviRRi. ztMiui   vzlvptRRx tlu- vv' c9tudvzyi vzAcu tztlu vtuvpib i uztcv
 tuziAMiuztluvAi i cA.y2vvNeuropsychological Rehabilitationnv))-",3S3)q2
 gc uutzlnv' Lnv8csc  ytnv' ' vcupv0oczl1  9cnv8mv(),OOfv?t . lxA i vvtuvulAbcovcupvHczyloldt . v
 cdtud-vvac. 9dAlxupvcupvc  i   b i uzv zAczi dti  2vSeminars in Speech and Languagenv,-vv))qS);;2
 OO
gc uutzlnv' Lnv:cAi. 9tnv:' vcupvLti A.i nvVev(),OCfvWRRi. z vlRvzyi b czt. v zAx.zxAivluv suzc. zt. v
 . lb HAiyi u tluvtuvcHyc tc2vBrain and LanguagenvBq-vv;OS",2
 gc Hocunv?vcupvWMcu nvm%v(),,wfvr yi viRRi. z vlRv suzc. zt. v zAx.zxAivluvpt . lxA i v.lb HAiyi u tlu v
 tuvHczti uz v1tzyvHcA tudvtb HctAbi uz 2vBrain and Languagenv;,-vvBwCSB;"2
 gc Acb cI IcnvTvcupvFxAtRnvWav(),qCfv? t  l. tcztluvlRvcodlAtzyb t. vcupvyixAt zt. vHAl.i   i  vtuv
 ocudxcdi v.lb HAiyi u tlu- vvWMtpi u. i vRAlbvcHyc tc2vBrain and Languagenv;-vv3qBS3OB2
 gc AAl1SDllo Rlo9nvW2v(),OO) Theory, assessment and intervention in language disorders - An 
integrative approach.v?AxuivcupvezAczzlu- vecuv?ti dl2
 gyc HisnvVnv?x. ycunv:nvWob cunvVnv?cA.tcnv%nvmcdcunvTnv%slunv:vcupvetb b lu S' c. 9ti nv4v(Bww)fv
 %tRivLcAzt. tHcztluvTHHAlc. yvzlvTHyc tc-vvTv zczi b i uzvlRvMcoxi  vRlAvzyi vRxzxAi2v?uvgycHisnvVv(ipfv
 Language intervention strategies in aphasia and related communication disorders2v%tHHtu. lzzv
 D tootcb  vcupvDto9tu -vvacoztb lAi2
 gyi Az9l1 nv82nvaxhnv?2vcupvei tpi uhi Adnv'2v(),O,fvLAtb tudvcupvei b cuzt. v' i b lAsv%l  vtuv
 ToIyi tb i A/ v?t i c i 2vBrain and Languagenv;C-vv"BwS""C2
 gt Hlocznv' 2v(Bww)fvAttitudes of a group of Speech-Language Pathologists and Audiologists  
towards the perceived value of speech therapy in the treatment of patients with Parkinson?s 
Disease as well as their perception regarding the adequacy of their university training in this  
area.v0uHxhot yi pvAi i cA.yvAiHlAznv0utMiA tzsvlRvzyi vDtz1 czi A Acup-vv:lyc uui  hxAd
 v
 glyi unv?v(),q,fv%cudxcdi v.lb HAiyi u tluvtuvlopvcdi 2vCognitive Psychologynv))-vv")BS"B,2
 glu ztzxztluvlRvzyi vViHxhot. vlRvelxzyvTRAt. cv(),,Cf2
 gAct9nvE2?2'2vcupv%l. 9ycAznvV2e2v(),qBfv%iMio vlRvHAl.i   tud-vvTvRAcb i 1 lA9vRlAvbi lAsv
 Ai i cA.y2vJournal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behaviournv))-vvCq)SCO"2
 gxb b tud nv:%2vcupvai u lunv?Ev(),O;fvvvDementia:  A Clinical Approach2vaxzi A1lAzy-vval zlu2
 ? cMt nv?TvvcupvDto. l6nv' : v(),O3fvAdult aphasia rehabilitation:  Applied pragmatics2vglooi di S
 8 toovLAi  -vvecuv?ti dl2v
 ? i  dAcudi  nvanvWx zc. yi nvEnvVtlx6nvL2nvpiv%cvecsi zzi nvP2vcupv%i . yiMcoti Anva2v(),,Cfv'i b lAsv
 pt lApiA v?uvToIyi tb i A/ v?t i c i vcupvzyi vlAdcutIcztluvlRvyxbcuvbi b lAs2vCortexnv;B-vv;OqS")B2
 Ecx znv' Wnvacolzcnv?Tnv?x. yi 9nv:' nv?i Au hc. yi Anv'Tvcupveb tzynvev(),,qfv?uythtzlAsv.luzAlov
 pxAtudv i uzi u. i v.lb HAiyi u tluvtuvtuptMtpxco v1tzyv?i b i uztcvlRvzyi vToIyi tb i AvrsHi2vBrain and 
Languagenv3q-BB3SB3;2
 O,
Eloptnv4nv%lh . lnv:vcupve. yci RiAnv%v(BwwBfvryi viRRi. zvlRvczzi uztluc ovps Rxu.ztluvtuvToIyi tb i AN v
 ? t i c i -vvryi lAizt. covcupvHAc. zt. covtb Hot. cztlu 2vSeminars in Speech and LanguagenvB;v-v);,S
 )3w2
 EAlbb 2v?vcupv8loocupnvTv(),O,fvExu. ztluc ov.lb b xut. cztluvtuvToIyi tb i AN v?t i c i 2vJournal of  
Speech and Hearing Disordersnv3"-vv3;3S3"w2
 ? cxzyti Anve2v(),,,fv(BupvWp2fvAlzheimer?s Disease in Primary Care.v' cAztuv?xutzI -vvjxi hi . 2
 ? lophi Adnva2v(),,CfvTvPi Asv%ludv? llphsi -vryi vVcMcdi  vlRvToIyi tb i A/ v?t i c i 2vASHAnvB3S;)2
 ? AcRbcunv:nvrylb H lunvmnvDi tudcAzui Anv8nv' cAztui InvVnv%c1 olAnvavcupvexupi Aocupnvrv(),,)f v
 e . AtHzvdiui Acztluvc vcuvtupt. czlAvlRv9ul1oi pdi vAiHAi i uzcztluvtuvHczti uz v1tzyvToIyi tb i AN v
 ? t i c i 2vBrain and Languagenv"w-vv;""S;3O2
 ? Al  b cunv' nv' t. 9cutunv:nvVlhtu lunvm' 2vcupv?/W Hl tzlnv' 2v(),,CfvTulb cosvkxpdi b i uz vlRv
  xhki . zSHAipt. czi vAiocztlu vtuvToIyi tb i A/ vpt i c i 2vBrain and Languagenv3"-vvB)CSB;B2
 ? Al  b cunvmnvVlhtu lunvmnv:cddtnv:nv?tudnvG2nv'i A.i AnvWnvDytzi S?i Mtui nvrnvatc  lxnv4nv
 ' lAAt lunv?nv?/W Hl tzlnv' vcupvTocMtnvTv(),,Cfvr yi vvuixAcovhc t vRlAv i b cuzt. vbi b lAs-v
 gluMi AdtudviMtpi u. i vRAlbvToIyi tb i A/ vpt i c i 2vBrain and Languagenv33-v,CS,O2
 8 cAAt nv42v(),,BfvThe support system of the caregivers of patients suffering from Alzheimer's  
disease.v0uHxhot yi pv' 2T2vpt  i Azcztlunv0utMiA tzsvlRvzyi vDtz1 czi A Acup-vv:lyc uui  hxAd2
 8 cAznve2vcupvei b Hoi nv:2' 2v(),,wfvNeuropsychology and the dementias.vrcsolAvcupvEAcu. t -v
 %luplu2
 8 i ob SW zchAll9 nv4v(Bww)fvElAi1 lAp2vSeminars in Speech and Language2vBB-vvB"qSB"O2
 8 i upi A lunvP2D2v(),,Cfvryi vtuMi ztdcztluvlRvoi 6t. cov i b cuzt. vAiHAi i uzcztluvtuvToIyi tb i A/ v
 ? t i c i 2vBrain and Languagenv3"-vv)q,S)O;2
 8 ti Anv?anv8cdi uol. 9i Anvmvcupve. ytupoi AnvT? v(),O3fv%cudxcdi vpt tuzi dAcztluvtuvpib i uztc-v
 WRRi. z vlRviztloldsvcupv i MiAtzs2vBrain and LanguagenvB3-vv))qS);;2
 8 tA znvDnvoi v?lx6nv:vcupvezi tunvev(),O"fvglu zActuz vluvzyi vHAl.i   tudvlRvtuptAi. zv Hii . yvc. z -v
 WMtpi u. i vRAlbvcHyc tlolds2vBrain and LanguagenvB;-vvBCS;;2
 8 lHHiAnvr2v(Bww)fv?uptAi. zvtuzi AMiuztlu vzlvRc. totzczi v.lb b xut. cztluvtuvToIyi tb i AN vpt i c i 2v
 Seminars in Speech and LanguagenvBBv-vv;w3S;)32
 8 lHHiAnvrvcupvacsoi  nvmv(Bww)fv'cucdi b i uzvlRvuixAldiut. v.lb b xut. cztluvpt lApiA vc  l. tczi pv
 1 tzyvpib i uztc2v?uvgycHisnvVv(ip) Language intervention strategies in aphasia and related 
neurogenic communication disorders.vv("zyvipfnv%tHHtu. lzzvDtootcb  vcupvDto9tu -vvacoztb lAi
 ,w
8 lHHiAnvrnvacsoi  nvmTvcupvmtb nvWv(Bww)fvVizctui pvuixAlH s. yloldt . covchtotzti  vlRvtuptMtpxco v
 1 tzyvToIyi tb i AN vpt i c i 2vSeminars in Speech and Language,2vBB-vvBC)SBq;2
 8 lxdynv' ev(),,wfv4 cAAcztMiv.lb HAiyi u tluvtuvcpxoz v1tzyvAtdyzvcupvoi Rzvyib t HyiAivhActuv
 pcb cdi -vvzyi b i vlAdcutIcztlu2vBrain and Languagenv;O-vvB3;SBqq2
 8 l1 cApnv?vcupv8czRti opnvE' v(),OqfvAphasia therapy:  Historical and contemporary issues. 
%c1 Aiu. i vWAohcxb -vv%luplu2
 :x znv' 2T2vcupvgcAHiuzi AnvL2T2v(),,BfvTv.cHc. tzsvzyi lAsvlRv.lb HAiyi u tlu- vv?uptMtpxcov
 ptRRiAiu. i  vtuv1lA9tudvbi b lAs2vPsychological Reviewnv,,-vvv)BBS)",2
 mcyunv8:vcupv? lxoi znvLv(),,Cfvglb b i uzcAsvluvCognitive mediation of discourse processing in 
later lifevhsvm1 ludvei i vcupvVscu2vJournal of Speech-Language Pathology and AudiologynvBw-v
 ))OS)BB2
 mczlunvDnvmoi tub cunvTnvcupvVl i unv?v(),OBfv?i HAi  tluvcupv lb czt cztlu- vvcvAiMti 1 2vAmerican 
Journal of MedicinenvqB-vv)BqS);3
 mcx oi Anv?8 v(),OOfvgldutztluvcupvvcdtud2v?uveycppi unvav(ipfvCommunication behavior and 
aging:  A sourcebook for clinicians.vDtootcb  vcupvDto9tu -vvacoztb lAi2
 mi b Hoi Anv?v(),OOfv%i 6t. covcupvHcuzlb tb i vchtotzti  vtuvToIyi tb i A/ vpt i c i 2vAphasiologynvBnv)"qS
 )3,2
 mi b Hoi Anv?v(),,3fv%cudxcdi v.ycudi  vtuvpib i uztcvlRvzyi vToIyi tb i AvzsHi2v?uv%xhtu 9tnvVv(ipfv
 Dementia and communicationnvetudxocA-vecuv?ti dl2
 mtu i oocnvmvcupvEiAAitAcnv' v(),,qfvAging trends:  South Africa2v
 yzzH-JJ1 1 1 2.i u x 2dlM2oH.JHAlpJoth?,qwB
 mtuz . ynvD2v(),qqfv?uv.lb HAiyi uptudv zlAti  2vv?uvv:x znv' T2vcupvgcAHiuzi AnvLTv(ip fnvCognitive 
processes in comprehension.v%c1 Aiu. i vWAohcxb vT  l. tczi  -vv4i 1 v:i A i s2
 m1 ludSei i vnvevcupvVscunvWav(),,Cfvgldut ztMivbi ptcztluvlRvpt . lxA i vHAl.i   tudvtuvoczi AvotRi2v
 Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and AudiologynvBw-vv)w,S))q2
 %i i nv8nvgc cpi  x nv?nvFyxnvGnv:l i Hynv:nvLi AAsnv?vcupveb tzynv' v(Bww"fvLiA HiztMi vluvzyi v
 cb solt pS?v.c . cpi vysHlzyi  t 2vJournal of Alzheimer?s DiseasenvC-vv);qS)"32
 %lx1 nvev(),,3fv? xtpi otui  vRlAvyicozyv . Ai u vtuvzyi viopi Aos2vSouth African Journal of Continuing 
Medical Educationnv);nBnv)33S)C"2
 %xhtu 9tnvVv(),,3fvWuMtAlubi uzcov.lu tpi Acztlu vRlAviopi AosvHczti uz 2v?uv%xhtu 9tnvVv(ipfv
 Dementia and communicationnvetudxocA-vvecuv?ti dl2
 ,)
%xhtu 9tnvVvcupvDi oocupnv' v(),,qfv4 lAbcovcdtudvcupviuMtAlub i uzcoviRRi. z vluv.lb b xut. cztlu2v
 Seminars in Speech and Languagenv)O-vv)wqS)B32
 ' c. i nv42%2vcupvVchtu nvL2P2v(),,BfvThe 36-hour Day.vDcAuiAvall9 -vvacoztb lAi2
 v
 ' cyi upAcnv42v(Bww)fv?tAi. zvtuziAMiuztlu vRlAvtb HAlMtudvzyi vHiARlAbcu. i vlRvtuptMtpxco v1tzyv
 ToIyi tb i AN vpt i c i 2vSeminars in Speech and LanguagenvBB-vvB,)S;w"2
 ' cA.x nv' Lv(),OBfvglu i 5xi u. i  vlRvRxu.ztluc ovpiRt. tz vtuvcvHcA tudvblpi o-vv?bHot. cztlu vRlAv
 aAl. c/ vcHyc tc2vv?uvTAhthnv' TnvgcHocunv?vcupv' cA ycoonv:v(ip fvNeural models of language 
processes.vT. cpi b t. vLAi  -vv4i 1 v7lA92
 ' cAdlotunv??nvLczi nv?evcupvEAti pAt. ynvE:v(),,Cfv%i 6t. covHAtb tudvhsvHt. zxAi vcupv1lAp vtuv
 ulAbcovcdtudvcupvtuvpib i uztcvlRvzyi vToIyi tb i A/ vzsHi2vBrain and Languagenv3"-vvBq3S;w)2
 ' cAztunvTvcupvEi ptlnvLv(),O;fvDlApvHAlpx.ztluvcupv.lb HAiyi u tluvtuvToIyi tb i A/ vpt i c i -vvryi v
 hAic9pl1 uvlRv i b cuzt. v9ul1 oi pdi 2vBrain and Languagenv),-vv)B"S)")2
 ' c6tb nv:vcupvaAscunvmv(),," ) Language of the elderly:  A clinical perspective.vDyxAAv
 Lxhot yi A -vv%luplu2
 ' . ? luc opnvev(),,Bfv? tRRiAiuztcovHAcdb czt. vol  vcRzi Av.ol i pvyicpvtukxAs-vvThtotzsvzlv. lb HAiyi upv
 . luMiA cztluc ovtb Hot. czxAi2vApplied Psycholinguisticsnv);-vvB,3S;)B2
 ' . mycuunv?nv?Ac. yb cunv?nvElo zi tunv' nvmczIb cunvVnvLAt. i nv?vcupvezcpocunvW' v(),O"fvgotut. cov
 ptcdul t vlRvToIyi tb i A/ vpt i c i -vvViHlAzvlRvzyi v4?4g? eST? V? Tv1lA9vdAlxHvxupiAvzyi v
 cx Ht. i  vlRvpiHcAzb i uzvlRvyicozyvcupvyxbcuv iAMt. i  vzc 9vRlA.i vluvToIyi tb i A/ vpt i c i 2v
 Neurologynv;"-v,;,S,""2
 ' . vVisulop nv%Pvvcupvmi cAu nvmLvv(),O;fvSingle subject experimental designs in  
communicative disorders. LAlSWp-vvTx ztunvri 6c 2
 ' pocolnvr2v(),,"fvThe knowledge, attitudes and perceptions of speech-language and hearing 
therapists and their role in the management of patients with dementia.v0uHxhot yi pvAi i cA.yv
 AiHlAznv0utMiA tzsvlRvzyi vDtz1 czi A Acup-vv:lyc uui  hxAd2
 ' tooi AnvWv(),O,fv%cudxcdi vtuvpib i uztcvlRvzyi vToIyi tb i A/ vzsHi2v?uvgAc1 RlApnv:VvcupvLcA9iAnv?' v
 (i p fvDevelopments in Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology.vLoi uxb vLAi  -vv%luplu2
 ' tsc9i nvTnvgcAHiuzi AnvLvcupv:x znv' v(),,"fvT v.cHc. tzsvcHHAlc. yvzlv suzc. zt. v.lb HAiyi u tlu v
 pt lApiA -vv' c9tudvulAbcovcpxoz vHiARlAbvot9i vcHyc t. vcpxoz 2vCognitive Neuropsychologynv))-v
 Cq)Sq)q2
 ' lAAt nvV?v(),OCfnveylAzvzi AbvRlAdizztudvtuv i utoi vpib i uztcvlRvzyi vToIyi tb i AvzsHi2vCognitive 
Neuropsychologynv;-vvqqS,q2
 ,B
' xApl.ynvaWnvgyiui Asnv8:nvDto9 nvPvcupvalsoi nvVev(),Oqfv%cudxcdi vpt lApiA vtuvpib i uztcvlRv
 zyi vToIyi tb i AvzsHi2vBrain and Languagenv;)-vv)BBS);q2
 ' xAAcsnv%nvVcb cdi nvTvcupv8lHHiAnvrv(Bww)fv'i b lAsvtb HctAbi uz vtuvcpxoz v1tzyvuixAldiut. v
 . lb b xut. cztluvpt lApiA 2vSeminars in Speech and LanguagenvBB-vv)BqS);32
 4 i hi  nvV?v(),O3fvLAi i AMcztluvlRv i b cuzt. v zAx.zxAivtuvpib i uztcJ vv?uv0oczl1  9cnv8mv(ipfvThe 
aging brain:  Communication in the elderly.vrcsolAvcupvEAcu. t -vv%luplu2
 4 i hi  nvV?vcupv8cootdcunvW' v(),,Cfve i uzi u. i v.luzi 6zvtuRoxi u. i  vzyi vtuzi AHAizcztluvlRv1lApv
 b i cutudvhsvToIyi tb i AvHczti uz 2vBrain and Languagenv3"-vvB;;SB"32
 4 t. yloc nv' nv?hoi Anv%mnvTohiAznv' %vcupv8i ob SW zchAll9 nv4v(),O3fvWb Hzsv Hii . yvtuv
 ToIyi tb i AN vpt i c i vcupvRoxi uzvcHyc tc2vJournal of Speech and Hearing ResearchnvBO-vv"w3S")w2
 4 z ytudtocnvEnv?xoi  nv4vcupvLczyi Anvev(Bww3fvryi vWopi AosveycoovLAlMtpi 2vSunday TimesnvCv
 Ei hAxcAs2v
 ?Acudi nv:avcupvLxAMi nvav(),,CfvgluMiA cztluc ovpt . lxA i vcupv.ldut ztMivtb HctAbi uz-v
 ?b Hot. cztlu vRlAvToIyi tb i AN vpt i c i . Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and Audiologynv
 Bw-vv);,S)3w2
 ? tb cutnvTvcupvEAi pb cunv' v(),,3fvExu. ztluc ovcuczlb s2vv?uv%xhtu 9tnvVv(ipfvDementia and 
Communication.vetudxocA-vvecuv?ti dl2
 Lcob vcupvLxAMi v(),,Cfv' cucdi b i uzvlRvcv1lApSRtuptudvpiRt. tzvtuvpt . lxA i -vvTv.c i vi6cb Hoi 2v
 Journal of Speech-Language Pathology and AudiologynvBw2
 Li uunvgvcupv:lui  nv?v(),,,fv? i HzyvlRvHAl.i   tudvtuv.ol i pvyicpvtukxAipvHczti uz . Advances in 
Speech-Language Pathologynv)-vv)SO2
 j xcsycdi unv' Lnvjxcsycdi unv' nvglAhitonvVVnvVlzynvLTvcupvVlpdiA nv:Tv(),,3fvT vpscpt. v
 Aib i ptcztluvHAldAcb vRlAv.cAivAi. tHti uz v1tzyvpib i uztc2vNursing Researchnv""-vv)3;S)3,2v
 Vcxnv' r v(),,;fv Coping with communication challenges in Alzheimer?s diseasev2vetudxocA-vvecuv
 ? ti dl2
 Vi tRRSgyiAuisnv%v(),,wfvInformational content and cohesion in the discourse of patients with 
probable Alzheimer?s disease and patients with right brain damage2v0uHxhot yi pvLy? v
 pt  i Azcztlunv4lAzy1 i  zi Auv0utMiA tzs-vvWMcu zlunv?otult  2
 Vi t hi AdnvanvEiAAt nve8 vcupvgAll9nvrv(),OBfvryi vdolhc ovpizi AtlAcztluv . coi v(? ? e f-vvcuv
 tu zAxbi uzvRlAvzyi vc  i   b i uzvlRvHAtb cAsvpidi ui AcztMivpib i uztcv(L? ? f2vAmerican Journal of  
Psychiatrynv);,-vv));CS));,2
 ,;
VtHt. ynv?4 vcupvri AAioonva7v(),OOfvglyi tluvcupv.lyi Aiu. i vtuvToIyi tb i A/ vpt i c i 2vJournal of  
Speech and Hearing Disordersnv3;nvOS)"2
 VtHt. ynv?4 nvPiAzi  nv?nvDytzi ylx i nvLnvExozlunvevcupvW9i ob cunvav(),,)fvr xAuvzc9tudvcupv Hii . yv
 c. zvHczzi Au vtuvzyi vpt . lxA i vlRv i utoi vpib i uztcvlRvzyi vToIyi tb i AN vzsHivHczti uz 2vBrain and 
Languagenv"w-vv;;wS;";2
 VtHt. ynv?4 vcupvFtlonvWv(),,Ofv? i b i uztc-vvTvAiMti 1 vRlAvzyi v Hii . yvocudxcdi vHczyloldt  z2vv?uv
 :lyu lunvTEvcupv:c. lh lunva8 v(ip fvMedical speech-language pathology:  A practitioner?s  
guide.vryti b i -vv4i 1 v7lA9
 VtHt. ynv?vcupv8lAuiAnv:v(Bww"fvryi vuixAlpidi ui AcztMivpib i uztc -vvptcdul t vcupvtuzi AMiuztlu2v
 ASHA Leadernv,v(Of2
 Vl. ylunvWnvDcziA nv?vcupvgcHocunv?v(),,"fve i uzi u. i v.lb HAiyi u tluvtuvHczti uz v1tzyv
 ToIyi tb i AN vpt i c i 2vBrain and Languagenv"C-vv;B,S;",2
 e . yi thi onvTavcupvDi . y oi AnvTEv(),OCfvv?i b i uztcvlRvzyi vToIyi tb i AvzsHi-vv?i ui zt. vc Hi. z 2vv?uv
 e . yi thi onvTavcupvDi . y oi AnvTE(i p fvThe Biological substrates of Alzheimer's Disease. 
T. cpi b t. vLAi  nv?Aocupl- vv),OC
 e . yxozi nvWvvcupvaAcupnvev(),OqfvTxptzlAsvMiAhcov.lb HAiyi u tluvtb HctAbi uz2vv?uvglpinvgv(ipfv
 The characteristics of aphasia.vrcsolAvcupvEAcu. t -vv%luplu2
 e . y1 cAzInv' Env' cAtunv?evcupvecRRAcunvW' v(),qwfvnv?t  l. tcztlu vlRvocudxcdi vRxu.ztluvtuv
 pi b i uztc-vvTv.c i v zxps2vBrain and Languagenvq-vvBqqS;wC2
 e i cAoi b cunvTvcupv8i AAbcuunv?v(),,"fv Memory from a broader perspective.v' . ? Ac1 S8too-vv4i 1 v
 7 lA92
 e i o9li nv?:v(Bww)fvT? vAi xoz vRAlbvzyi v.i AihAcovc. . xb xocztluvcupv.szlzl6t zsvlRvcb solt pvK v
 HAlzi tu-vvTvAiScucos t vlRvcvzyiAcHixzt. vysHlzyi  t 2vJournal of Alzheimer?s Disease, 3:  75-81.
 eycppi unvav(),OOfvWptzlAN vulzi 2vv?uvmcx oi Anv?8 nvgldutztluvcupvTdtud2vv?uveycppi unvav(ipfv
 Communication behaviour and aging:  A sourcebook for clinicians2vvDtootcb  vcupvDto9tu -v
 ac oztb lAi2
 eycoot. i nvrv(),Oqfv?bHctAbi uz vlRv i b cuzt. vHAl.i   tud-v' xoztHoi vpt  l. tcztlu 2vv?uvglozyi cAznv' nv
 ecAzlAtnv?vcupv:lhnvVv(ip fvThe cognitive neuropsychology of language.vWAohcxb vT  l. tczi  -v
 %luplu2
 eyxcthnvTvcupvalsoi nvgv(),,CfvezAl9ivtuvzyi vWopiAos2vSouth African Neurology ReviewnvqS);2
 e ti di onvev(),q"fvvNon-parametric statistics for the behavioural sciences.v' . ? Ac1 v8too-vv4i 1 v
 7 lA92
 ,"
e9cnvavcupv:lc ui zzi nv7v(),,Cfv? t . lxA i vtuvlopi Avcpxoz -vv?uRoxi u. i vlRvzi 6znvzc 9vcupvHcAzt. tHcuzv
 . ycAc. zi At zt.  2vJournal of Speech-Language Pathology and AudiologynvBw-vv)w)S))q2
 eluui uhi Adnvav(),,3fvCommunication characteristics of the Parkinsonism-plus syndrome2v
 0 uHxhot yi pvLy? vzyi  t nv0utMiA tzsvlRvzyi vDtz1 czi A Acup-vv:lyc uui  hxAd2
 ezc. yl1 tc9nvDnv8xhi AnvLli . 9nvmvnvvcupvmiA . yi u zi tui Anv'v(),qqfvr i 6zv.lb HAiyi u tluvtuv
 cHyc tc2vBrain and Language-vv)qqS),32
 ezczt zt.  velxzyvTRAt. cv(Bww;fvCensus in Brief.vezczt zt.  velxzyvTRAt. c-vvLAizlAtc2
 r lb li pcnvgmvcupvacsoi  nvmTv(),,wfvr yi viRRt. c. svlRv Hii . ySocudxcdi vHczyloldsvtuziAMiuztlu- v
 pi b i uztc2vSeminars in Speech and Languagenv))2
 r lb li pcnvgmnvacsoi  nvmTnvallui nv?Vnvmc Iutc9nvTD vcupveocx lunvr:v(),,wfvveHii . yvAczi vcupv
  suzc. zt. v.lb Hoi 6tzsviRRi. z vluvzyi vcxptzlAsv.lb HAiyi u tluvlRvToIyi tb i AvHczti uz 2vJournal of  
Communication DisordersnvB;-vv)3)Sv)C)-
 r lb li pcnvgmvcupvacsoi  nvmTv(),,;fv% ludt zxptucoviRRi. z vlRvToIyi tb i Avpt i c i vluvpt . lxA i v
 HAlpx.ztlu2vAlzheimer Disease and Associated Disordersnvq-vvBB;SB;C2
 r soi Anv%mv(),OqfveHl9i uvocudxcdi v.lb HAiyi u tluvtuvcHyc tc-vvTvAicoSztb i vHAl.i   tudv
 HiA Hi. ztMi2vglozyi cAznv' 2nvecAzlAtnv?2vcupv:lhnvV2v(ip fvThe cognitive neuropsychology of  
languagenv%c1 Aiu. i vWAohcxb vT  l. tczi  -vv4i 1 v7lA92
 0 oczl1  9cnv8mnv4lAzynvT:vcupv' c. cox lv8 csui  nvev(),O)fvLAlpx.ztluvlRvucAAcztMivcupv
 HAl.i pxAcovpt . lxA i vtuvcHyc tc2vBrain and Languagenv);-vv;"3S;q)2
 0 oczl1  9cnv8mnvgcuutzlnv' Lnv8csc  ytnv' ' vcupvEoi b tudnve? v(),O3fv%cudxcdi vchtotzti  vtuvzyi v
 i opi Aos2v?uv0ocz1 l 9cnv8mv(ipfvThe aging brain: Communication in the elderlynvrcsolAvcupv
 EAcu. t -v%luplu2n
 0 oczl1  9cnv8mnv8csc  ytnv' ' nvgcuutzlnv' LvcupvEoi b tudnve? v(),OCfv?t AxHztluvlRvAiRiAiu. i vtuv
 cdtud2vBrain and LanguagenvBO-vvB"S")2
 D cziA nv?envvgcHocunv?vcupvVl.ylunvWv(),,)fv Processing resources and sentence 
comprehension in patients with dementia of the Alzheimer?s Type2vLAi i uzcztluvczvT. cpi b svlRv
 THyc tcvB,zyvTuuxcov' i i ztudnv?zcos22
 D i dui Anv'%nvaAll9 ytAinvV8vcupv4t. yloc nv%Wv(),O"fvvglb HAiyi u tluvlRvbctuvtpi c vcupv
 pi zcto vtuv.lyi Aiuzvcupvulu. lyi Aiuzvpt . lxA i vhsvcHyc t. vcupvulucHyc t. vot zi ui A 2vv
 Brain and LanguagenvBq-vv;qS3)-
 D to. l6nv' :nv?cMt nv?Tvcupv%i luc Apnv%av(),qOfvTHyc t.  Nv.lb HAiyi u tluvlRv.luzi 6zxcoosv
 . luMisi pvbi cutud2vBrain and LanguagenvC-vv;CBS;qq2
 ,3
D lAAcoonv%vcupvEAczzcotnvgv(ip fv(BwwwfvNeurogenic communication disorders:  A functional  
approach.vryti b i -vv4i 1 v7lA92
 ,C