The Journal of World Investment & Trade Volumes published in this journal are listed at brill.com/jwit The Journal of World Investment & Trade Editors-in-Chief Julien Chaisse, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR Joanna Lam, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Managing Editors Güneş Ünüvar, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Hersh Sewak, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Assistant Editors/Community Managers James Losari, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR Siri Silvereke, University of Copenhagen, Denmark Book Review Editors Patrick Abel, European University Institute, Italy and University of Passau, Germany Federica Cristani, Institute of International Relations Prague, Czech Republic Kehinde Olaoye, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Editorial Board Olabisi D. Akinkukbe, Dalhousie University, Canada – Alberto Alemanno, HEC Paris, France – Freya Baetens, University of Oxford, UK - Elisa Baroncini, University of Bologna, Italy – Petr Bříza, Charles University Prague, Czech Republic – Yuliya Chernykh, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences & University of Oslo, Norway – Sungjoon Cho, Chicago-Kent College of Law, USA – Leïla Choukroune, University of Portsmouth, UK  – Dominic Npoanlari Dagbanja, University of Western Australia, Australia – Daria Davitti, Lund University, Sweden – Panagiotis Delimatsis, Tilburg University, Netherlands – Georgios Dimitropoulos, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar – Ming Du, Durham University, UK – Ole Kristian Fauchald, University of Oslo, Norway – Mark Feldman, Peking University, China – Caroline E. Foster, Auckland University, New Zealand – Elaine Fahey, City University London, UK – Chiara Giorgetti, University of Richmond, USA – Steffen Hindelang, Uppsala University, Finland – Moshe Hirsch, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel – Pasha L. Hsieh, Singapore Management University, Singapore – Sufian Jusoh, National University of Malaysia, Malaysia – Meredith Kolsky Lewis, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA – John Linarelli, University of Pittsburgh, USA – Maria Laura Marceddu, King’s College London, UK – Sophie Meunier, Princeton University, USA – Neha Mishra, Geneva Graduate Institute, Switzerland – Andrew D. Mitchell, Monash University, Australia – Irma Mosquera, Leiden University, Netherlands – Krista Nadakavukaren Schefer, Fribourg University and Swiss Institute of Comparative Law, Switzerland – James Nedumpara, Indian Institute of Foreign Trade, India – Eleftheria Neframi, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg – Martins Paparinskis, University College London, UK – Shin-yi Peng, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan – Rodrigo Polanco, University of Bern, Switzerland – Prabhash Ranjan, O.P. Jindal Global University, India – Piotr Szwedo, Jagiellonian University, Poland – Catharine Titi, Université Paris Panthéon-Assas, France – Tania Voon, University of Melbourne, Australia – Heng Wang, Singapore Management University, Singapore – Elizabeth Whitsitt, University of Calgary, Canada – Alex Yueh-Ping Yang, National Taiwan University, Taiwan Editorial Advisory Board Hervé Ascensio, Université Paris Panthéon-Sorbonne, France – Vivienne Bath, University of Sydney, Australia – Andrea K. Bjorklund, McGill University, Canada – Laurence Boisson de Chazournes, University of Geneva, Switzerland – Michelle Egan, American University, USA – Manfred Elsig, University of Bern, Switzerland – Christoph Herrmann, University of Passau, Germany – Ursula Kriebaum, University of Vienna, Austria – Makane Moïse Mbengue, University of Geneva, Switzerland – Petros Mavroidis, Columbia University, USA – Ernst-Ullrich Petersmann, European University Institute, Italy – Ruth Mason, University of Virginia, USA – Hélène Ruiz Fabri, Université Paris Panthéon-Sorbonne, France – Stephan Schill, University of Amsterdam, Netherlands – Muthucumaraswamy Sornarajah, National University of Singapore, Singapore – Gregory Shaffer, Georgetown University, USA – Stefan Voigt, University of Hamburg, Germany – Alan Wm. Wolff, Peterson Institute for International Economics, USA The Journal of World Investment & Trade VOLUME 25 (2024) LEIDEN | BOSTON Instructions for Authors & Open Access Instructions for Authors can be found on our web site at brill.com/jwit. The Instructions for Authors include details on how to publish on an Open Access basis with Brill Open. Questions may be directed to the Editorial Office at jwit.brill@gmail.com. Brill Open Access options can be found at brill.com/openaccess. Typeface for the Latin, Greek, and Cyrillic scripts: “Brill”. See and download: brill.com/brill-typeface. issn 1660-7112 e-issn 2211-9000 Copyright 2024 by Koninklijke Brill NV, Leiden, The Netherlands. Koninklijke Brill NV incorporates the imprints Brill, Brill Nijhoff, Brill Schöningh, Brill Fink, Brill mentis, Brill Wageningen Academic, Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Böhlau and V&R unipress. All rights reserved. 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