Series of miscellaneous papers published by BERNARD PRICE INSTITUTE FOR PALAEONTOLOGICAL RESEARCH Volume 26 Number 1 ISSN 0078-8554 7 September 1985 UPPER CRETACEOUS CEPHALOPODA FROM OFFSHORE DEPOSITS OFF THE NATAL SOUTH COAST, SOUTH AFRICA by HERBERT CHRISTIAN KLINGER South African Museum, P.O. Box 6l, Cape Town ABSTRACT Dredge samples off the Natal South Coast yielded an Upper Cretaceous cephalo­ pod fauna consisting of Eutrephoceras sphaericum geinitzi Wiedmann, 1960, Phyllo­ ceras (Hypophylloceras) woodsi woodsi Van Hoepen, 1921, Partschiceras umzambi­ ense (Van Hoepen, 1920), Saghalinites nuperus (Van Hoepen, 1921), Saghalinites cala (Forbes, 1846},Baculites bailyiWoods, 1906, 'Bostrychoceras'indicum (Stoliczka, 1865), Hyphantoceras (Madagascarites?) amapondense (Van Hoepen, 1921), Desmo­ phyllites diphylloides (Forbes, 1846), Hauericeras sp. cf. H. gardeni (Baily, 1855), Kossmaticeras (Natalites) african us (Van Hoepen, 1920), and Kossmaticeras (Koss­ maticeras) sp. cf. K. (K.) inornatum Collignon, 1966. This fauna is similar to that of the onshore Mzamba Formation of Natal and Transkei (Pondoland), and is dated as Middle Santonian to Lower Campanian. CONTENTS Page INTRODUCTION. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 2 MATERIAL ................................................................. 2 SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY ................................................. 3 AGE AND AFFINITY OF THE FAUNA .............................................. 7 REFERENCES. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 11 MS accepted 8 January 1985 €> Bernard Price Institute for Palaeontological Research University of the Witwatersrand I Jan Smuts Avenue Joha nnesburg 200 I 1985 Palaeont. afr., 26(1}:1-12 (1985) 2 INTRODUCTION During a recent cruise of the South African research vessel, MEIRING NAUDE, a number of Upper Cretaceous invertebrate fossils were dredged off the Natal South Coast at a depth of between 400 and 500 metres, presumably at 300 45' 0" S, 30 0 37' 7" E. (Figure 1). These were presented to the South African Museum by Dr. R.N. Kilburn of the Natal Museum, Pietermaritzburg. This donation is gratefully acknowledged. MATERIAL All the specimens are preserved as ferruginous internal moulds , with only traces of the shell pre­ served. The bulk of the material consists of ammon­ oid phragmocones, in addition to two nautiloid nuclei, part of a belemnite phragmocone, five gast­ tropods, three ahermatypic corals, one inoceramid bivalve and a terebratulid brachiopod. Most of the specimens show encrustation by recent epizoans, mainly serpulids and bryozoans. Apart from the general absence of external shell, most of the speci­ mens show few signs of abrasion. The surface of most specimens, however, is pitted due to the bor­ ing activities of endolithic organisms. Some of the ammonite phragmocones are crushed or broken, and partially filled with rounded faecal pellets. The preservation of the material suggests relatively long subaqueous exposure, the ferruginous mineralogy is probably due to alteration of material originally preserved in pyrite. Traces of the fine-grained, ferruginous matrix adhere to some of the specimens. Unfortunately no other data on the lithology of the area are available. Bathymetric data in Birch (1981) show that the material was dredged from the upper slope of the shelf break. This part of the slope is very steep in this region, with a maximum gradient of 15,60 , and is dissected by several submarine canyons. r-----------------,-----...----------,29·30'S [J Cretaceous Outcrops f---------------7''-+-----------I30· S PORT SHE PSTO NE EB 30·45'0" S 30· 37'7"E r-----;~_r'-------------+--------I31·S 30· E 3' · E 20 km Fig. 1 Locality map of the dredge samples. \ SYSTEMATIC PALAEONTOLOGY Class CEPHALOPODA Cuvier, 1797 Subclass Order Suborder Family Subfamily Genus TETRABRANCIDATAOwen, 1832 NAUTILOIDEA Agassiz, 1847 NAUTILINA Agassiz, 1847 NAUTILIDAE De Blainville, 1825 NAUTILINAE De Blainville, 1825 EUTREPHOCERAS Hyatt, 1894 Eutrephoceras sphaericum geinitzi Wiedmann, 1960 Figs 2A-F 1846 NauttLus laevigatus d' Orbigny, pI. 6, figs 1-2. 1874 Nautilus sublaevigatus d'Orbigny; Geinitz: 5, pi. 32, fig. 1. 1960 Eutrephoceras sphaericum geinitzi Wiedmann: 171. (with synonymy) Type: Holotype is the specimen figured by Geinitz (1874, pI. 32, fig. 1) by monotypy. Material: SAM-PCO 6007 a-b. Description & Discussion: Two internal moulds of nautiloid nuclei belong to this species. The whorl section is distinctly depressed, wider than high with an occluded umbilicus. Occurrence: The species is long ranging, occurring in the Lower Turonian of Germany, Utatur Beds of India (Cenomanian to Upper Senonian) and tentatively in the Senonian of Madagascar. This is the first record of the species from southern Africa. Order Suborder AMMONOIDEA Zittel, 1884 PHYLLOCERATINA Arkell, 1950 Superfamily PHYLLOCERATACEAE Zittel, 1884 Family Subfamily Genus Subgenus PHYLLOCERATIDAE Zittel, 1884 PHYLLOCERATINAE Zittel, 1884 PHYLLOCERAS Suess, 1865 HYPOPHYLLOCERAS Salfeld, 1924 Phylloceras (Hypophylloceras) woodsi woodsi Van Hoepen, 1921 Figs 2G-H 3 1921 Phylloceras woodsi Van Hoepen: 3, pI. 2, figs 1-6; text fig. 1. 1977 Phylloceras (Hypophylloceras) woodsi woodsi Van Hoepen; Kennedy & Klinger 366, pI. 13, figs 3-5, text-figs 4-6. (with synonymy). 1982 ?Phylloceras (Hypophylloceras) velledaefor­ me (Schluter); Immel, Klinger & Wiedmann: 8, pI. 1, figs 3-4. Type: Holotype, by original designation, is the specimen figured by Van Hoepen (1921, pI. 2, figs 3- 4) Transvaal Museum nr. 537, from the type section of the Mzamba Formation, Mzamba Estuary, Pondoland, Transkei, of Middle Santonian to Lower Campanian age. Material: SAM-PCO 5995 Description & Discussion: The specimen, with a diameter of 30 mm shows the typically compres­ sed oval whorl section with nearly parallel flanks characteristic of the species. Ornament is most prominent on the outer third of the flanks. A phylloceratid from the Santonian of Bran­ denberg, Austria described by Immel et al., ­ (1982: 8, pI. 1, figs 3-4) as Phylloceras (Hypo­ phylloceras) velledaeformis may also belong to this species. According to Birkelund (pers comm., 1982), the Austrian specimens certainly do not belong to P. (H.) velledaeformis. That species has a much more inflated whorl section. For further discussion the reader is referred to Kennedy & Klinger (1977a) who have recently re- viewed the species. ! Occurrence: The type material is from an unspeci­ fied horizon in the Mzamba Formation of Middle Santonian to Lower Campanian age. It also occurs in the Lower Santonian of Madagascar, and poss­ ibly also in the Lower Santonian of the Austrian Gosau Beds. As yet the species is unknown in Zululand. Genus PARTSCHICERAS Fucini, 1920 Partschiceras umzambiense (Van Hoepen, 1920) Figs 2I-K 1920 Phylloceras umzambiense Van Hoepen: 142, pI. 24, figs 1-3. 1977 Partschiceras umzambiense (Van Hoepen); Kennedy & Klinger: 370, pI. 13, fig. 2, text-fig. 7 (with synonymy). Type: Holotype, by monotypy, is the specimen figured by Van Hoepen (1920, pI. 24, figs 1-3) Transvaal Museum nr. 524 from the type section 4 of the Mzamba Formation at the Mzamba Estuary, Pondoland, Transkei, of Middle Santonian to Lower Campanian age. Material: SAM-PCO 5993 Dimensions: D Wb Wh Wb/Wh U 17,2 7,4(43,0) 8,3 (48,3) 0,89 Description: The specimen is wholly septate. The umbilicus is filled with sediment, but appears very narrow, as in the holotype. The whorl section is inflated, higher than wide, with a broadly round­ ed venter and maximum whorl width on the dor­ sal half of the flanks. Part of the ornament is pre­ served, consisting of very fine ribs, which flex for­ wards on the dorsal half of the flanks and then backwards over the ventral half and straight over the venter. Intercalating or bifurcating ribs orig­ inate at about mid-flank. Discussion: Despite the poor preservation, the specimen is of importance in that the species is very rare, having only once been recorded from Pond oland (Van Hoepen 1920, Kennedy & Klinger 1977a), and twice from Madagascar (Collignon 1956, 1966). ) Occurrence: The holotype is from an unlocalized horizon at the type locality of the Mzamba For­ mation of Middle Santonian to Lower Campanian age. In Madagascar the species occurs in the Lower Santonian Zone of Texanites 'oliveti'. As yet, the species is unknown in Zululand. Order LYTOCERATIDA Hyatt, 1889 Superfamily TETRAGONITACEAE Hyatt, 1900 Family TETRAGONITIDAE Hyatt, 1900 Genus SAGHALINITES Wright & Matsumoto, 1954 Saghalinites nuperus (Van Hoepen, 1921) Figs 2N-S, 3A-C 1921 Tetragonites nuperus Van Hoepen: 13, pI. 3, figs 3-4, text-fig. 8. 1977 Saghalinites nuperus (Van Hoepen): Kennedy & Klinger: 177, figs 16A-E, A-B, 18 (with synonymy). ?1982Saghalinites aft nuperus (Van Hoepen); Szasz: 55, pI. 4, fig. 5. Type: Holotype, by original designation, is the specimen figured by Van Hoepen (1921, pI. 3, figs 3-4) Transvaal Museum nr. 532 from an un­ localized horizon in the type section of the Mzamba Formation at the Mzamba River Estuary, Pondoland, Transkei, of Middle Santonian to Lower Campanian age. Material: SAM-PCO 6000a-c Dimensions: D Wb Wh Wb/Wh U peo 6000b 13,4 5,2 (38,8) 4,3 (32,1) 1,3 6,3 (47,0) peo 6000a 17,6 6,6 (37,5) 6,2 (35,2) 1,1 8,2 (46,6) peo 6000c 27,8 8,8 (31,7) 8,1 (29,1) 1,1 c.13 (c.47) Description: Preservation in all three specimens is poor, but their identity is readily established by the rounded whorl section and nature of the constrictions: straight and prorsiradiate on the flanks and peaked over the venter. Discussion: The closely allied S. cala (Forbes) differs in having a more polygonal whorl section and more sinuous constrictions. Occurrence: The species is known from the Upper Santonian at the type section of the Mzamba Formation, where it is relatively scarce. A single specimen is known from the Lower San­ tonian of Zululand; in Madagascar the species is known from the Lower and Middle Santonian and possibly from the Upper Santonian or Lower Campanian. The species is also tentatively recorded from the Upper Campanian of Romania. The Japanese occurrence (Yabe 1915: 16, pI. 1, fig. 7, pI. 3, fig. 2) is not dated more precisely than Senonian. Saghalinites cala (Forbes, 1846) Figs 2L-M, 3G-H 1846 Ammonites cala Forbes: 104, pI. 8, fig. 4. 1977 Saghalinites cala (Forbes); Kennedy & Klinger: 168, figs 10A-B, l1A-B, 12D-G, 13A-B, E-K, ?C-D, 14A-F, 15A-F (with synonymy). Type: Lectotype is the specimen figured by Forbes (1846, pI. 8, fig. 4) British Museum (Nat­ ural History) nr. C51057 from the Valudayur Beds of Pondicherry, southern India. Material: SAM-PCO 5992a-b. Description & Discussion: Preservation is poor, but both specimens show the typically depressed, polygonal whorl section, which distinguishes it from S. nuperus (Van Hoepen). In addition, the smaller of the two specimens (fig. 3G-H) shows a faint, but distinctly sinusoidal constriction which is characteristic of the species. Occurrence: This species is common in Zululand, ranging from the Upper Campanian to Lower Maastrichtian. Only one specimen has been re­ corded from an unlocalized horizon at the type section of the Mzamba Formation of Middle Santonian to Lower Campanian age. The lecto­ type is from the Lower Maastrichtian of southern India. Howarth (1958) records the species from the Campanian of Antarctica, whereas the Tunis­ ian occurrence (Pervinquiere 1907) is doubtfully dated as Santonian. As yet it has not been re­ corded from Madagascar. Suborder ANCYLOCERATINA Wiedmann, 1966 Superfamily TURRILITACEAE Gill, 1871 Family Genus BACULITIDAE Gill, 1871 BACULITES Lamarck, 1799. Baculites bailyi Woods, 1906 Figs 4E-H 1906 Baculites bailyi Woods: 341, pI. 44, fig. 5. 1963 Baculites bailyi Woods; Matsumoto & Obata: 35, pI. 20, figs 1-2, pI. 21, fig. 5, text-figs 88-89, 116-120, 140-142 (with synonymy). 1969 Baculites bailyi Woods; Collignon: 21, pI. 520, fig. 2051. Type: Holotype, by original designation, is the specimen figured by Baily (1855, pI. 11, fig. 5a­ b, non 5c as Baculites sulcatus) British Museum (Natural History) nr. C11372, from an unspeci­ fied horizon at the type section of the Mzamba Formation, Mzamba Estuary, Pondoland, Trans­ kei, of Middle Santonian to Lower Campanian age. Material: SAM-PCO 5994a-c. Description & Discussion: The species can easily be identified by the total lack of ornament, rapid tapering, and a whorl section with a broad­ ly rounded dorsum and narrowly rounded venter. Occurrence: The precise horizon at which the species occurs at the type section of the Mzamba Formation is unknown, as it has only been col­ lected from fallen blocks, but it is presumably near the Santonian/Campanian boundary. Collignon (1969) records the species from the upper part of the Lower Campanian, Zone of Menabztes boulei and Anapachydiscus arrialoor­ ensis of Madagascar. In Japan Matsumoto & Obata (1963) record the species from the Upper Santonian. Genus 'BOSTRYCHOCERAS' Hyatt, 1900 Discussion: The generic name Bostrychoceras is used in quotation marks as the status and val­ idity of the genus has still not been resolved satis­ factorily (see e.g. Matsumoto 1977: 324 et seq.). The present material does not warrant a dis­ cussion of the complex synonymies involved. 'Bostrychoceras'indicum (Stoliczka, 1865) Figs 4L-M 1962 Cirroceras (Cirroceras) indicum (Stoliczka); Wiedmann: 200, pI. 9, fig. 4 (with synony­ my). 1976 Didymoceras (Didymoceras) sp. gr. ex indi­ cum (Stoliczka); Klinger: 64, pI. 24, figs 2-4, text-fig. 10c (with synonymy). Type: Lectotype by subsequent designation of Wiedmann (1962: 202) is the specimen figured by Stoliczka (1865, pI. 86, fig. 1) from the Coniacian or Santonian of southern India. Material: SAM-PCO 5991, 6003. Description: The smaller of the two specimens (fig. 4M) consists of three contiguous, helical whorls. Ornament consists of about forty slightly rursiradiate, fine ribs which commonly branch near the adapical side of the whorls. Deep con­ strictions are conspicuous and abundant .. and seem to occur at regular intervals. In the smaller specimen they occur every 1 ~Oo, thus causing the constrictions of successive whorls to be more or less aligned on the side of the helix. The larger of the two specimens (fig. 4L) is crushed, but has the same ornament of fine ribbing and marked constrictions. Discussion: Apart from the fact that the status of the genus is unresolved, the validity of the majori­ ty of species referred to 'Bostrychoceras' is in even greater doubt The author here again follows Wiedmann's (1962) classification as on a previous occasion (Klinger 1976). The present specimens are virtually identical to a specimen referred to this species from the Lower Campanian of the Nibela Peninsula, Zulu­ land (Klinger 1976, pI. 24, fig. 4) in having con­ strictions at regular intervals. This in tum resem­ bles Turrilites saundersaurum Stephenson (1941, pI. 83, figs 6-8) from the Campanian of Texas. Occurrence: The species as interpreted by Wiedmann (1962) occurs world-wide, from the Turonian to the Campanian. The present variety with regularly spaced constrictions seems to occur mainly in the Lower Campanian and is known from Zululand and Texas . 5 6 Genus Subgenus HYPHANTOCERAS Hyatt, 1900 ?MADA GAS CARITES Collignon, 1966 Hyphantoceras (?Madagascarites) amapondense (Van Hoepen, 1921) Figs 4I-K 1921 Heteroceras amapondense Van Hoepen: 17, pI. 4, figs 1-2. 1976 Hyphantoceras (Madagascarites?) amapon­ dense (Van Hoepen); Klinger: 71, pI. 32, fig. 5, pI. 33, figs 2-3, text-fig. 10d-e. 1979 Hyphantoceras (Madagascarites?) amapon­ dense (Van Hoepen); Summesberger: 123, pI. 3, fig. 19, text-fig. 13. 1980 Hyphantoceras (Madagascarites?) amapon­ dense (Van Hoepen); Summesberger: 277, pI. 1, fig. 2, text-fig. 3. 1982 Hyphantoceras (?) amapondense (Van Hoepen); Lewy: 24, figs 1-6. Type: Holotype, by original designation, is the specimen figured by Van Hoepen (1921, pI. 4, figs 1-2) from an ur\localized horizon at the type section of the Mhmba Formation, Mzamba Estuary, Pondoland, Transkei, of Middle Santo­ nian to Lower Campanian age. Material: SAM-PCO 5996 Description & Discussion: A septate fragment re­ presents the early 'Bostrychoceras'-like whorls of this enigmatic species. The species is questionably referred to Madagascarites, but probably requires separate generic or subgeneric rank. Occurrence: In Pondoland and in Zululand the species is known to occur in the Upper Santonian to Lower Campanian. In Madagascar it is recorded from the Lower Campanian, Zone of Anapachy­ discus wittekindi and Eulophoceras jacobi, in the Gosau Basin of Austria in the Upper Santonian, and from the Upper Santonian of Israel. Suborder AMMONITINA Hyatt, 1889 Superfamily DESMOCERATACEAE Zittel, 1985 Family Subfamily Genus DESMOCERATIDAE Zittel, 1895 DESMOCERATINAE Zittel, 1895 DESMOPHYLLITES Spath, 1929 Desmophyllites diphylloides (Forbes, 1846) Figs 3D-F, L-T 1846 Ammonites diphylloides Forbes: 105, pI. 8, fig. 8a-c. 1921 Desmoceras simplex Van Hoepen: 19, pI. 3, figs U-16, text-fig. 10. 1921 Desmoceras crassum Van Hoepen: 20, pI. 4, figs. 3-4, text-fig. 11. 1959 Desmophyllites diphylloides (Forbes); Matsumoto: 9, pI. 3, fig. 3a-c, text-fig. 2. (with synonymy). Type: Lectotype, by subsequent designation of Spath (1953:21 footnote) (as holotype), is the specimen figured by Forbes (1846, pI. 8, fig. 8) British Museum (Natural History) nr . . C22682 from Valudayur, Pondicherry, southern India. Material: SAM-PCO 6002a-h. Dimensions: D W-b Wh WbjWh u peo 6002e 11,7 5,9 (50,4) 6,4 (54,7) 0,92 peo 6002d 14,3 7,0 (49,0) 6,7 (46,9) 1,04 1,2 (8,4) peo 6002b 15,5 6,9 (44,5) 8,6 (55,5) 0,8 1,2 (7,7) peo 6002a 15,8 8,9 (56,3) peo 6002c 22,1 9,5 (42,4) 12,3 (55,6) 0,77 1,6 (7,2) Description: This is the most common species in the assemblage. The very narrow, pit-like umbili­ cus and oval, higher than wide whorl section with flattened flanks and broadly rounded venter are characteristic of the species, as are the constric­ tions. The latter are prorsiradiate, slightly sinus­ oidal over the flanks and curved sharply forwards over the venter. The suture line is complex as shown in the figures of Matsumuto & Obata (1955,.text-fig. 1) and Matsumoto (1959, text-fig. 2). Discussion: This is a very variable species as dem­ onstrated by Matsumoto & Obata (1955) and Matsumoto (1959), but is distinguished by virtue of the whorl section and constrictions. The two species from Pondoland described by Van Hoepen as Desmoceras simplex Van Hocpen (1921: 19, pI. 3, figs. 11-16, text-fig. 10) and Desmoceras crassum Van Hoepen (1921: 20, pI. 4, figs 3-4, text-fig. 11) can be included in the synonymy of Desmophyllites diphylloides. Occurrence: The species has a wide distribution, occurring in California, British Columbia, Wash­ ington, ] apan, Saghalin, India, Madagascar and Poland. It apparently ranges throughout the Cam­ panian, possibly into the Lower Maastrichtian. Subfamily Genus HAUERICERATINAE Matsu­ moto, 1938 HAUERICERAS De Grossouvre, 1894 Hauericeras sp. cf. H. gardeni (Baily, 1855) Figs 3I-K cf. 1982 Hauericeras gardeni (Baily); Immel, Klinger & Wiedmann: 16, pI. 5, figs. 1-4, text-fig. 5. Material: SAM-PCO 5999 Description & Discussion: The specimen is an internal mould and thus lacks the characteristic keel of the genus, but the very compressed whorl section and evolute coiling leave little doubt as to the generic allocation. It is most probably . refer­ able to H. gardeni, the most common representa­ tive of the genus in southern Africa, but on the basis of this limited material a definite identifi­ cation is not possible. Occurrence: Hauericeras is a cosmopolitan genus, ranging in age from Coniacian to Maastrichtian. Family KOSSMATICERA TIDAE Spath, 1922 Subfamily KOSSMATICERATINAE Spath, 1922 Genus KOSSMA TICERAS De Grossou- vre,1901 Subgenus KOSSMA TICERAS De Grossou- vre,1901 Kossmaticeras (Kossmaticeras) sp. cf. K. (K) inornatum Collignon, 1966 Figs 4B-D cf. 1966 Kossmaticeras inornatum Collignon: 9, pI. 458, figs 1872-1873. Material: SAM-PCO 5998 Description: Coiling is rather involute, with suc­ cessive whorls covering each other up to mid-flank. The inner whorls are sub-trigonal, but ovoid on the outer (phragmocone) whorl, with maximum breadth near the umbilical edge. No ornament at all is visible. Discussion: The closest ally to this specimen seems to be K (K) inornatum from the Lower Santonian of Madagascar, but in that species dis­ tinct constrictions occur. In the present specimen only very faint traces of a constriction are visible near the apertural end. 7 Occurrence: Offshore deposits of Natal. Subgenus NATALITES Collignon, 1954 Kossmaticeras (Natalites) africanus (Van Hoepen, 1920) Figs 3U-W, 4A 1920 Holcodiscus africanus Van Hoepen: 146, pI. 26, figs 3-5. 1966 Kossmaticeras (Natalites) natalensis Spath; Collignon: 9, pI. 457, fig. 1867, pI. 458, fig. 1868. Type: Holotype, by monotypy, is the specimen figured by Van Hoepen (1920, pI. 26, figs 3-5) Transvaal Museum nr. 578 from an unspecified horizon at the type locality of the Mzamba For­ mation, Mzamba Estuary, Pondoland, Transkei, of Middle Santonian to Lower Campanian age. Material: SAM-PCO 5997a-b Description & Discussion: The larger of the two specimens (Figure 3U-W) is crushed dorsoventrally but ornament is typical of the species. The promi­ nen t constriction at the apertural end shows the virgatotome style of branching of the adapical flanking collared rib. Madrasites natalensis Spath (1922: 134. pI. 5, fig. 3) is a clear synonym of K. (N.) africanus. Occurrence: The holotype and other material in the collections of the South African Museum are all from unspecified horizons at the type locality of the Mzamba Formation. n Madagascar the species is recorded from the Lower Santonian, Zone of Texanites 'oliveti'. AGE AND AFFINITY OF THE FAUNA With the exception of Eutrephoceras sphaeri­ cum geinitzi, 'Bostrychoceras'indicum and Koss­ maticeras (K.) sp. cf. inornatum, all the cephalo­ pod species in the present collection are known from the onshore exposures of the Mzamba For­ mation along the Natal and Pondoland Coast; especially at the type locality (Klinger & Kennedy 1980). The age of the Mzamba Formation at its type locality, at the Mzamba Estuary, has now been firmly dated as Middle Santonian to Lower Cam­ panian on the basis of ammonites (Klinger & Kennedy 1980). Foraminiferal data (Makrides 1979) suggest the presence of Upper Campanian sediments at the type locality, but this is unsub­ stantiated on macrofaunal evidence. The majority of specimens in the collection are either long-ranging, or the exact age of the 8 Fig. 2: A B c o E F J K G H L M N o p Q R 5 A-F Eutrephoceras sphaericum geinitzi Wiedmann, 1960 A-e. SAM-peo 6007A. D-F. SAM­ peo 6007b. Both x 2; G-H Phylloceras (Hypophylloceras) woodsi Van Hoepen, 1921. SAM-peo 5995 x 2; I-K Partschiceras umzambiense (Van Hoepen, 1920). SAM-peo 5993. x 2; L-M Sagha· linites cala (Forbes, 1845). SAM-peo 5992a x 1; N-S Saghalinites nuperus (Van Hoepen, 1921). N-P. SAM-peo 6000a. Q-S. SAM-peo 6000b. Both x 2. A B c o E F G H u v w J K L M N o p Q R s T Fig. 3: A-C Saghalinites nuperus (Van Hoepen, 1921). SAM-PCO 6000c. x 1; D-F L-T. Desmophyllites diphylloides (Forbes, 1846). D-F. SAM-PCO 6002a. L-N. SAM-PCO 6002b. O-Q. SAM-PCO 6002c. R-T. SAM-PCO 6002d. D-F, L-Q x 2, R-T x 3; G-H Saghalinites cala (Forbes, 1846). SAM-PCO 5992b x 2; I-K Hauericeras sp. cf. H. gardeni (Baily, 1855). SAM-PCO 5999. x 2; u-w Kossmaticeras (Natalites) africanus (van Hoepen, 1920). SAM-PCO 5997a. x 2. 9 10 A B c D E F G H L J K M Fig. 4: A Kossmaticeras (Natalites) africanus {Van Hoepen, 1920}. SAM-PCO 5997b x 2; B-D Kossmati­ ceras (K.) sp. cf. K. (K.) inornatum Collignon, 1966. SAM-PCO 5998. x 1; E-H Baculites bailyi Woods, 1906. E-G SAM-PCO 5994a; H SAM-PCO 5994b. Both xl; I-K Hyphantoceras (Mada­ gascarites?) amapondense {Van Hoepen, 1921}. SAM- PCO 5996. x 2; L-M 'Bostrychoceras' indicum {Stoliczka, 1865}. SAM-PCO 5991. x 1. SAM-PCO 6003. x 2. type material has not been firmly established. Consequently, the age of the offshore assemblage cannot be dated more accurately than the total time range of the Mzamba Formation, i.e. Middle Santonian to Lower Campanian. Even though most of the species in the off­ shore assemblage are known from the onshore ex­ posures of the Mzamba Formation, they represent the less common faunal elements. The most common faunal elements of the Mzamba Forma­ tion at the type locality, such as the pseudosch­ loenbachiids and texanitids, are conspicuously, ab­ sent. The dominance of weakly ornate, stratigra­ phically long-ranging phylloceratids, tetragonitids and desmoceratids suggests a deeper water deposi­ tional environment than at the type locality (see 11 e.g. Wiedmann 1973). Dissimilarities between the Pondoland and Zululand faunas have been discussed earlier (Klinger & Kennedy 1980). Similarities between the Pondoland fauna and that of the Gosau Beds of Austria have become obvious by renewed interest in the fauna of the latter (e.g. Immel et al. 1982, Summesberger 1979, 1980). Species in common to both areas include Pseudophyllites latus, Hauericeras gardeni, Damesites compactus, Eupachydiscus isculensis, Hyphantoceras (Mada­ gascarites?) amapondense, and possibly Phylloce­ ras (Hypophylloceras) woodsi. This faunal simi­ larity may possibly be due to a circum-African current system as suggested by Summesberger (1979). REFERENCES BAILY, W.H. (1855). Description of some Cretaceous fossils from South Africa; collected by Capt. 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The Umzamba Formation at its type section, Umzamba Estuary (Pondo­ land, Transkei), the ammonite content and palaeogeographical distribution. Ann. S.Afr. Mus., 81,207-222. LEWY, Z. 1982. A well-preserved Upper Santonian heteromorph ammonite from Israel. Ceol. Surv. Israel Current Research, 1982: 24-27. MAKRIDES, M. (1979). Foraminifera of the Upper Cretaceous Mzamba Formation, Transkei, South Africa. Unpub­ lished MSc dissertation University Witwatersrand. 86 pp. MATSUMOTO, T. (1959). Upper Cretaceous ammonites of California. II. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ. (D) Ceol., Special Volume, 1,1-172. ---------- (1977). Some heteromorph ammonites from the Cretaceous of Hokkaido. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ. (D) Ceol., 23,303-366. ---------- & OBATA, 1. (1955). Some Upper Cretaceous Desmoceratids from Hokkaido and Saghalien. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ. (D) Ceol., 5, 119-151. ---------- & ------ (1963). A Monograph of the Baculitidae from Japan. Mem. Fac. Sci., Kyushu Univ. 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Wien., 82, 109-174. - --:;---------- (1980). Neue Ammoniten aus der Sandkalkbank der Hochmooschichten (Obersanton; Gosau, Osterreich). Ann. Naturhistor. Mus. Wien., 83, 175-283. SZASZ, L. (1982). Les ammonites heteromorphes Campaniennes des Carpates meridionales (Roumanie). D.S. Inst. geol. geoJiz., 66 (1979), 45-56. WIEDMANN, J. (1960). Zur Systematik jungmesozoischer Nautiliden. Palaeontographica, U5A, 144-206. - ---- ---- (I 962). Ammoniten aus der Vascogotischen Kreide. (Nordspanien). Phylloceratina, Lytoceratina. Palaeontographica, 118A, 119-237. - -------- (1973) . The Albian and Cenomanian Tetragonitidae (Cretaceous Ammonoidea), with special reference to the circum-indic species . Eclogae geol. Helv., 66,585-616. WOODS, H. (1906). The Cretaceous fauna of Pond oland. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 4, 175-350. Y ABE, H. (1915). Notes on some Cretaceous fossils from Anaga on the Island Awajii and Toyajo in the Province of Kii. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Univ. (Ceol)., (2) 4, 13-24. 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