viii 
 
LIST OF FIGURES 
Number Page 
 
Figure 1 3 
Figure 2 12 
Figure 3 17 
Figure 4 23 
Figure 5 37 
Figure 6 41 
Figure 7 44 
Figure 8 47 
Figure 9 49 
Figure 10 53 
Figure 11 54 
Figure 12 56