4. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - Faculties submissions

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Perceptions of Employee Assistance Practitioners of South Africa on the factors that influence professional ethics in Employee Assistance Programmes
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Ncube, Likwa; Dlamini, Busisiwe
The workplace faces various challenges that impact employee functioning and the general mood of the work environment. Employment Assistance Programmes (EAPs), as a workplace response to the human and environmental challenges, have played an important contribution in the South African workplace since 1980. Benefits of using EAPs in the workplace include improved productivity, staff retention, reduced absenteeism and many other economic and social benefits. Professional ethics of EAP vendors in South Africa lack standardisation. Working from a person-in environment (P-I-E) perspective, this qualitative study explored factors that influence professional ethics with sixteen (16) EAP practitioners identified through a non-probability purposive sampling. Semi-structured interviews were administered. EAP practitioners were drawn from different work backgrounds and qualifications in Gauteng province, in South Africa. Data was analysed using a thematic analysis approach. The results showed that EAP is making a significant contribution to the South African corporate and government workforce and the workplace. There are several socio-economic benefits linked to having an EAP in the workplace. However, an unlegislated EAP practice, unaccredited EAP programmes and unlicensed EAP practitioners threaten the credibility of the EAP professional ethics and the effectiveness of the interventions. This study recommends that to standardise EAP practice and intervention outcomes, EAP practitioners must be licensed by one professional body. Employee Assistance Professionals Association of South Africa (EAPA- SA) is suggested as a viable option with credible standards and ethics documents that meet international EAP best practice guidelines.
The Impact of Enterprise and Supplier Development Programmes on the Growth of SMMEs in Gauteng, South Africa
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Ramokgopa, Lebogang; Mlothswa, Samukele
While various studies have investigated the challenges that Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) face and many of them outline the support that is required by SMMEs, there have been limited studies that look into the effectiveness of government support interventions that are implemented through the public and private sectors. The effectiveness of Broad-Based Black Economic Empowerment Commission (B-BBEE) and Enterprise and Supply Development (ESD) support programmes and their impact on SMME growth have not been extensively interrogated through research. This knowledge is particularly important to investigate because SMMEs play a significant role in improving economic growth and reducing unemployment and equality levels. As such, this study sought to assess the impact of B-BBEE ESD programme support on the growth of SMMEs. The study employed qualitative methods and thematic analysis was used to analyse data. The sample size included 10 beneficiaries of B-BBEE ESD in Gauteng province, obtaining their views on participation experience. The findings suggest that ESD initiatives assist SMMEs in both financial and nonfinancial ways. However, participants usually believed that the benefits were limited and that partnerships may provide more value. Further, findings from the study highlighted the presence of constraints that impede ESD's capacity to provide an optimal service offering to SMMEs, resulting in restricted visibility for small enterprises. Some internal and external difficulties in delivering services to SMMEs were outlined based on the experience of beneficiaries. As such, it was recommended that enterprise and supplier development programs should avoid attempting to be all things to all people. The emphasis should be on an area in which they excel and on providing that service to SMMEs. This allows them to impart their specialized knowledge to small enterprises. To be effective, this focus should be sector or industry specific
Financial inclusion through WhatsApp banking in Johannesburg
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Miller, Jade Rowan; Balabanoff,Garth
Approximately three billion people will use mobile banking by 2024. Mobile devices and widespread Internet access are helping to boost mobile banking's popularity. Retail banks can now offer their customers even more convenience with mobile banking applications like WhatsApp. Consumers and financial institutions have embraced advanced technologies, including mobile banking, in recent years. Social media, mobile banking and new ideas like WhatsApp banking have made it easier for people to do business. Mobile banking is now possible thanks to high smartphone penetration and technological advancements. The fourth industrial revolution will continue to exponentially transform the modern economy. Globalisation has forced banks to open new channels to remain competitive in today's market. Banks have had to cut costs and improve their financial position by introducing new products and services. Mobile banking has grown rapidly globally due to the rapid development of information technology. Due to multi-channel distribution, most banks now have a global presence with cross-border customers. A quantitative approach was taken to examine factors that may influence behavioural intention to use WhatsApp banking in the context of financial inclusion. A questionnaire was used as the primary data collection instrument. The survey was conducted using an online questionnaire distributed to people living in Johannesburg, South Africa. The study adds to the body of knowledge by identifying factors that influence WhatsApp banking adoption, particularly in developing countries. The Technology Acceptance Model by Davis (1985) was used to investigate behavioural intention to use WhatsApp banking. My findings show that perceived trust, banking inclusion, perceived usefulness and awareness all play a significant role in WhatsApp banking adoption. Managers in financial institutions should focus on increasing consumer trust across all age groups to increase customer comfort with non-traditional banking platforms in general and thus increase financial inclusion. This is crucial because ix WhatsApp banking has the potential to bank the unbanked and underbanked while also increasing financial inclusion.
The nexus between the World Governance Indicators’ scores on corruption and the financial performance of SOEs in South Africa
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Mdluli, Mthokozisi Xolani
South Africa, according to Crompton et al. (2017), is dealing with a triple threat of poverty, inequality, and unemployment. As a result, the government is faced with the task of meeting all of these urgent demands while being hampered by a tight budget and weak economic growth. Procurement is a critical component of the government's service delivery system, and it has been utilised as a policy tool to achieve the government's socioeconomic goals (Badenhorst-Weiss, 2012). Government spending is required to be thoroughly thought out on this basis before any public funds are spent. As a result, government expenditure should be monitored and evaluated as part of the architecture of all government-led projects (Crompton et al., 2017). SOEs (State-owned entities), also known as public entities, are tasked with specific responsibilities by the country's constitution in order to assist the state in fulfilling its mandate (Ovens, 2013). In line with international trends, South Africa has implemented corporatisation, or the transfer of state assets or agencies into state-owned corporations, in a number of areas to encourage more effective and efficient service delivery. Increased public procurement is the result of this. Public procurement involves a large amount of money, which has attracted corruption because of the scale at which it is carried out (Crompton et al., 2017). According to the South African Department of Commerce and Industries, government purchasing power contributed between 15% and 25% of GDP in 2016 (Makube, 2016). Makube (2016) estimates that, between 2013 and 2016, public infrastructure investment in healthcare facilities, schools, water, sanitation, housing, and electrification totalled R827 billion. As a result, the SOEs have been subjected to outside intervention, as well 2 as possible wrongdoing and corruption. According to recent media reports, the country has unacceptably high levels of corruption (Mantzaris, 2016). Understanding how this corruption affects the workings of SOEs is important if the country wants to attempt to start addressing this scourge. Therefore, this study seeks to investigate the relationship that exists between a known measure of governance in a country, namely the World Governance Indicators and the financial performance of SOEs in South Africa
The adoption of efficient technology in emerging markets within State Owned Bank in South Africa
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Malatji , Jaftha Sechube; Dladla, Pholile
This study aims to explore the adoption of efficient technologies in a South African state-owned enterprise (SOE) or state-owned bank (SOB), specifically investigating the factors that affect how efficient technologies are adopted, the challenges that come during the adoption phase, and the advantages that result from successfully adopting efficient technologies. The research study applied a qualitative research design and used interviews with open-ended questions to collect data. The findings reveal a complex landscape influenced by various elements such as communication, leadership, organisational culture, and operational efficiency. The study highlights the importance of technology adoption within an SOE or SOB. Based on the findings, recommendations were formulated that can be used to enhance how the South African State-Owned Bank can manage the adoption of new technologies efficiently while reducing the risks connected with technology adoption. Despite certain limitations, the study provides valuable insights into the intricate dynamics of new technology adoption in a traditionally oriented country like South Africa.
Adoption of digital dual supply networks by SMES in the Capricorn district of Limpopo Province in South Africa
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Sefala, Maite
This research investigates the adoption of digital tools, specifically Digital Dual-Supply Networks (DDSN), by Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) operating within the Capricorn District of the Limpopo Province in South Africa. As the digital landscape continues to evolve, SMEs face increasing pressure to integrate innovative technologies into their business operations. The study aims to understand the current state of digital tool adoption, the factors influencing adoption decisions, and the impact of DDSNs on the overall performance, sustainability, and growth of SMEs in the region. Thus, four parental concepts, namely, digital dual-supply network, sustainability, growth, and performance of the SMEs are investigated to establish an impact they could have on the SMEs in Limpopo province, South Africa. This study will follow a qualitative research design and data will be collected through interviews to gain comprehensive insights into the dynamics of digital tool adoption within the SME sector. The research will explore the challenges hindering adoption, identify successful cases, and analyse the strategic considerations that influence the decision-making process of SMEs when integrating DDSNs. Moreover, the study will also explore the context of the dual-channel digital supply chain network and its importance in the sustainability of the SMES as well as analysing the concepts of collaboration and digital transformation of Capricorn district SMEs within the ever-changing and market trends and demands. Digital Dual-Supply Networks (DDSNs) represent a paradigm shift in supply chain management, leveraging advanced digital technologies to create more agile and resilient networks. This research not only advances theoretical knowledge in the field but also offers practical implications for businesses contemplating or currently undergoing digital transformation through the adoption of DDSNs. The resulting framework aims to guide organizations in optimizing their supply chain processes, fostering innovation, and adapting to the dynamic landscape of the digital era. The findings of this research will contribute to the existing body of knowledge on technology adoption in SMEs, providing valuable insights for policymakers, business owners, and researchers interested in fostering digital transformation within the Capricorn District and similar regions. Ultimately, the study aims to offer practical recommendations to enhance the adoption of DDSNs among SMEs, promoting their sustainable growth and competitiveness in the ever-evolving digital business landscape. Keywords: SMEs; digitalization, collaboration, dual dual-channel digital supply chain network, sustainability, growth
Leadership style and supervisory behaviour on employee wellbeing and performance at two Retail Banks in South Africa
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Harris, Candy
This study investigates leadership style and supervisory behaviour on employee wellbeing and performance at two retail banks in South Africa. The study aims to contribute to the existing body of knowledge on management and leadership and with this, provide additional insight into the importance of wellbeing within the two banks. The concepts of motivation and supervisory behaviours were explored in relation to different styles of leadership while the importance of employee wellbeing was further investigated in relation to performance. The study was conducted and analysed using quantitative data that was collected through an online questionnaire. The sample size included 144 employees from two Retail Banks. Most of the sample included back-office managers, professional bankers and analysts which included 50% from Retail Bank A, and the other 50% were from Retail Bank B, both in Sandton, Johannesburg. The study found that democratic and transformational leadership styles were most effective at increasing employee motivation and employee performance. These two forms of leadership styles have a positive influence on productivity, job satisfaction, and overall employee performance. It was also found that the autocratic leadership style had negatively affected supervisory behaviour. Autocratic leadership style demotivated employees causing higher levels of job dissatisfaction. Relationships between supervisory behaviour and employee wellbeing together with employee performance were also identified.
Investigating cyber resilience in Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMME’s) in Gauteng
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Kamanga, Edna Clara; Pillay, Kiru
Cyber resilience is becoming increasingly vital for Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) to withstand and quickly recover from cyber threats. This qualitative study investigates the cyber resilience strategies, critical success factors, and best practices within SMMEs in Gauteng, South Africa. The research aims to understand SMMEs approach to cyber resilience and whether they incorporate all dimensions of the Cyber Resilience-Self Assessment Tool (CR- SAT), a framework specifically recommended for enhancing the cyber resilience of SMMEs. The study identifies key critical success factors that are prevalent among Gauteng’s SMMEs. The methodology involves semi-structured interviews with business owners, IT Managers, and cybersecurity experts within a variety of SMMEs in Gauteng. The selection of participants ensures representation across different industries to allow for comprehensive insights into the cyber resilience landscape within this economic sector. Thematic analysis of the interview data provides an in-depth understanding of the experiences, practices, and perceptions of cyber resilience among participants. Preliminary findings reveal that while some SMMEs demonstrate awareness and implementation of cyber resilience best practices, there is a varied degree of adoption concerning the CR-SAT framework. Several critical success factors emerge, these include adoption of best practices in implementation of training and awareness, risk management, business continuity, the implementation of incident response plans, outsourcing, dealing with credible vendors. However, the research also identifies significant gaps in knowledge and resource constraints, which impede full-scale implementation of recommended cyber resilience measures
Disruption of creative marketing supply chain due to generative artificial intelligence
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Evertse, Justin
This study explores the transformative impact of generative AI on the creative marketing industry's supply chain process, focusing on the challenges and opportunities presented by AI in content creation. The advent of AI has revolutionised the way content is generated, leading to a paradigm shift in the creative landscape. The study investigated the implications of this shift for creativity, originality, and efficiency within the marketing and advertising sectors. Through a qualitative research methodology, including interviews with various industry stakeholders, this study delved into the nuances of AI's integration into creative processes and its effects on workflow, production, and distribution channels within the creative marketing industry. The research is grounded in theories of disruptive innovation and technology organisation enterprise theory, providing a theoretical framework to analyse the impact of AI technologies on traditional creative and marketing practices. It addresses crucial concerns such as the ownership of AI-generated content, the role of human creativity in the age of AI, and the ethical considerations surrounding AI in creative industries. The study's findings highlight a dual impact: AI as a tool for enhancing creative processes, enabling more efficient and diverse content generation, and AI as a disruptor, challenging traditional roles and workflows within the industry. Significantly, the study identifies a shift towards more collaborative models between AI and human creativity, suggesting that the future of the creative marketing industry lies in leveraging AI to augment human talent rather than replace it. This balance presents opportunities for innovation and new forms of content creation but also necessitates a re-evaluation of skill sets, job roles, and industry standards to adapt to an AI-integrated environment. The research underscores the importance of ethical guidelines and industry-wide discussions on the use of AI, advocating for policies that support creativity, protect intellectual property, and ensure fair competition in the evolving landscape. In conclusion, this qualitative research study provides an insightful analysis of the complex dynamics between generative AI and the creative marketing industry. It offers a comprehensive understanding of the challenges and opportunities AI presents, iii emphasising the need for a strategic approach to integrate AI technologies. By highlighting the potential for AI to augment human creativity and transform supply chain processes, the study contributes valuable perspectives to the ongoing discourse on the future of creativity and technology in marketing and advertising
Mapping the socio-economic contribution of Zimbabwean migrants in Diepsloot, City of Johannesburg
(University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2022) Magwaza, Nokubonga; Pophiwa, N.
This study examines the socio-economic contribution of Zimbabwean migrants in Diepsloot, a suburb in the City of Johannesburg. It examines the lived experiences of both Diepsloot residents and immigrants in the area, focusing on their socio-relations. The study examines the determinants that led Zimbabwean immigrants to settle in Diepsloot, while also observing the characteristics of their living situations after their arrival in the area. The objective is to gain an in-depth understanding of the beneficial contribution that the current Zimbabwean migrants in Diepsloot are making, instead of focusing on the notions that they are competing for access to free government services, job prospects, and contributing to crime in the region. The study employed a qualitative research methodology. The utilization of qualitative research allows the researcher to get rich information from a small number of individuals in the Diepsloot area, enabling an in-depth understanding of the participants' actual experiences pertaining to the topic under investigation. The selection of qualitative research was based on its emphasis on the quality, nature, and essence of the phenomena under investigation. The sample consisted of South African nationals aged 18 and above, along with Zimbabwean individuals, comprising both documented and undocumented immigrants. The study's findings indicated that immigrants with social networks could integrate, establish themselves, and secure career opportunities in Diepsloot. Several participants noted that immigrants tend to accept lower wages and mostly engage in domestic jobs within nearby suburbs. It concludes with providing recommendations for local government and national government policymakers on ways to encourage peaceful coexistence among the hosts and immigrants in Diepsloot

4. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - Faculties submissions

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