3. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - All submissions
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Item The relationships of activity patterns and heart rate profiles with physical performance tests in premier league club field hockey players in Johannesburg(2018-06-22) Khavish, HarryPurpose: The physical match demands in field sports such as football are well known, yet the description of these demands during field hockey, as well as their relationship with fitness tests are limited, specifically at club level. Therefore, the aims of this study were to describe the physical match performance (activity and heart rate profiles) of field hockey players in the premier league, and to determine the relationships between fitness capacity and high intensity match activity (running and sprinting). Methods: Fitness and physical match performance data were collected from 27 male and 29 female participants over nine matches with each player tested on one to three occasions. Fitness tests performed were the Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level One, submaximal heart rate recovery (at 10, 20, 30 and 60 seconds), and repeat sprint ability. Results: The percent of match time spent above 95% maximal heart rate decreased significantly in both males (p < 0.01) and females (p < 0.05) in the second half. In addition, the percent of playing time spent running and sprinting decreased significantly (p < 0.01) in the second half in males only. The Yo-Yo Intermittent Recovery Test Level One was significantly correlated to percent of playing time spent running during matches in females (r= 0.54, p < 0.05). Heart rate recovery (10s, 20s, 30s) was significantly correlated with percent of playing time spent sprinting during matches in females (r= 0.73, p < 0.01, r= 0.53, p < 0.05 and r= 0.58, p < 0.05) respectively. Furthermore, heart rate recovery (60s) was significantly correlated with percent of match playing time spent running in females (r= 0.77, p < 0.01). Conclusion: Both male and female club level field hockey players experience a high physiological stress during matches, and male players have a decrease in running and sprinting performance during the second half of competition. This information can be used to optimize training interventions. Additionally, fitness tests such as the submaximal heart rate recovery can be used to assess a player’s capability to perform high intensity activity during matches. Such tests are less fatiguing than maximal tests and may be implemented as a field hockey specific fitness test at club level.Item Burnout in sport : A comparative analysis between South African gymnasts tennis players(2016) Abrahamson, Earle DerekResearch on burnout has typically focused on individuals in the human service or helping occupations, More recently studies and conceptual models have appeared investigating burnout in the athletic environment, The bulk of research 011 athletic burnout has been conducted on coaches and, consequently, there is a dearth of empirical research on athlete burnout. 'the present study compared tennis players with gymnasts to determine which group is more likely to experience a higher incidence of burnout. The study also sought to investigate whether any relationship was evident between sport specific factors on the one hand, and burnout, tedium and psychological distress on the other. Three objective questionnaires consisting of the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MDI). Tedium measure and General Health Questionnaire 28 item scale (GHQ-28), as well as a sport specific questionnaire developed by the author, were used to collect data from 20 provincial and national tennis players (10 male and 10 female) and 20 provincial and elite gymnasts (10 male and 10 female). Statistical analysis of the questionnaires revealed a number of important findings. It was found that sport group was not a significant factor in the assessment of athlete burnout. Gender, however, was highly significant with females more likely to experience burnout than males. It was shown that females experience low levels of sport enjoyment, social support and personal accomplishment and high levels of sport pressure, emotional exhaustion, depersonalisation, tedium and psychological distress. Key relationships were further identified between the sport specific variables of sport enjoyment, social support and sport pressure, and the burnout, tedium and psychological distress variables. Negative sport performance such as low enjoyment and social support and heightened feelings of sport pressure were strongly related to high levels of burnout, tedium and psychological distress. Recommendations for future research are made on the basis of these findings.