3. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - All submissions
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Item Spatial and temporal patterns of conflict events in Africa: an exploratory analysis(2018) Maswanganye, Menelisi LungeloConflict events across the world have usually been studied from a qualitative perspective. The current abundance of data pertaining to conflicts now allows for a more statistical approach. This research report examined the spatial distribution of three conflict types (battles, riots and protests, and violence against civilians) throughout mainland Africa. It also considered the evolution of the observed spatial patterns through time by comparing the patterns before 2007 with those from 2007 and onwards. The results show that although Somalia and Sudan are unusually afflicted with conflict, this is only statistically discernible at the more granular areal levels. It was also found that when conflict variables are dichotomised, loss of information occurs, but is somewhat mitigated by considering the analysis at more granular areal levels. Finally, although the number of conflicts has increased, there were mostly no significant differences between spatial patterns before and after 2007.Item The Zulu mask: the role of creative imagination in documentary film : an investigation into how subjective creative imagination was applied to strategically enhance the "Mimicry of the Real" in the documentary film, the Zulu Mask(2013-03-20) Derrick, Clifford R.O.Scholarly discourses on documentary film have focused on the debate between documentary’s claims of ‘objectivity’ and ‘truthfulness’ versus the reality of its subjective ontology. At the turn of the 21st century, there seems to be appreciation of the constructiveness of documentary film. This development is taking place at the backdrop of emergence of more subjective documentary films produced by a new crop of filmmakers who do not shy away from exposing their subjective production thoughts and processes, contrary to earlier documentary filmmakers. This renewed interest is interesting and points to something that calls for an investigation in order to understand fundamental reasons behind it. In this report, I investigate the relationship between this development and the concept of ‘Creative Imagination’ normally associated with fiction film. Particularly, the paper investigates why ‘Creative Imagination’ may be understood to deploy aspects of realism style which manipulates time, space, character, and characterisation, in the production and analysis of documentary films. Through a production of a documentary film The Zulu Mask, this report hypothesises that documentary just like fiction film utilises the logic of creative imagination of the mind and aspects of realism style’ to mimic the real. Documentary and fiction, I argue are thus the products of the same thought process and desire.Item Changing places, spaces and identity in the Shashe Limpopo region of Limpopo Province, South Africa(2006-11-16T11:12:30Z) Van Doornum, Bronwen LouelleWhile the Iron Age sequence of the Shashe-Limpopo region of Limpopo Province has been the subject of much research in the past, little is known about the huntergatherer sequence of the area. I begin to address this lack through the description of three new hunter-gatherer sites: Tshisiku Shelter, Balerno Main Shelter and Balerno Shelter 2. I examine how hunter-gatherer spaces, places and identity changed with the movement of different groups of farmers (including Zhizo, K2 and Mapungubwe period farmers) into the Shashe-Limpopo region over the last 2000 years. I also investigate how hunter-gatherer / farmer proximity impacted on interaction, and what social structures, boundaries, and constructed identities underlie interaction in the region. The pre-contact and contact periods are compared in order to determine whether changes in the hunter-gatherer sequence were due to the arrival, and continued presence, of farmers. Ethnographic and archaeological interaction case studies are used to construct a model of interaction for the Shashe-Limpopo. Based on data from Tshisiku Shelter, Balerno Main Shelter, Balerno Shelters 2 and 3, and Little Muck Shelter, a new sequence is proposed for hunter-gatherer occupation in the Shashe-Limpopo region: · An early pre-contact phase (11 120 – 10 890 BC; 6000 – 1220 BC) · A late pre-contact phase (1220 BC - AD 100) · An early contact phase (AD 100 – AD 900) · A late contact phase divided into two periods: - The Zhizo period (AD 900 – AD 1000 / 1200) - The K2 / Mapungubwe period (AD 1000 – AD 1300) Finally, a late second millennium phase of Late Iron Age farmer utilisation of hunter- gatherer sites occurs in the recent past (AD 1600 – AD 1900). iv My research suggests that: · A hunter-gatherer presence occurs significantly earlier in the region than initially hypothesised. · Differences in farmer social structure and identity play a role in how farmers interact with hunter-gatherers, and vice versa. · Finally, due to the differences between farmer groups and decreasing space on the landscape, a range of hunter-gatherer reactions to the presence of farmers occurred throughout the last two millennia in the Shashe-Limpopo region.