3. Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETDs) - All submissions
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Item Knowledge, attitudes and practices of men concerning prostate cancer in Muldersdrift, South Africa(2018) Baaitse, BontshwanetseBackground: Prostate cancer is one of the top diseases that are killing men world over and is the second common cancer that affects men. According to the 2012 Globocan statistics, approximately 1.1 million males were found to have prostate cancer globally, which was found to be at 15% compared to other cancers seen in males. The incidence and mortality rate of the disease in the Southern African Development Community region is 40.5 per 100 000 and 22.5 per 100 000 of the population per year, respectively. However, the National Cancer Registry of South Africa (2012) has indicated that in South Africa, 31.36 per 100,000 men were found to have this cancer. Aim: The study aimed to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices of men living in Muldersdrift, South Africa, concerning prostate cancer. Method: The setting was Ward 23, commonly known as Video, a resource poor area, in Muldersdrift. A door-to-door survey was conducted. The convenience sampling method was used on a sample size of n=183. Data were collected by means of structured interviews and a questionnaire served as the data collection instrument. The data were analysed by means of descriptive statistics and the Fisher’s Exact Test was used to calculate statistical significant differences between the variables. Results: The sample (n=183) about half were above the age of 70 years (48.1%; n=88), mean 52.4, SD ±9.5 and median 50.Over a third of respondents were from the Tswana cultural group (36.6%; n=67) and the highest percentage never went to school (30.1%; n=55).The majority of respondents (90.2%; n=165) had never heard of prostate cancer and only 9.8% (n=18) had ever heard of the disease. When calculating the overall knowledge about prostate cancer, all respondents (n=183) scored between 0 and 49% (equates with low).The majority of the respondents (72.0%; n=132) had a positive attitude towards prostate cancer. Out of the 10 answers considered to be positive practices, approximately two-thirds of the respondents (60.7%; n=111) responded positively to two questions only. Conclusion: The study provided evidence that the men living in the study setting had limited knowledge of prostate cancer. However, they presented with a positive attitude regarding prostate cancer, and high percentages were ready to perform prostate cancer screening and to learn about the disease.Item Modalities of prostate specific antigen testing in Gauteng clinics and hospitals, South Africa(2018) Maphayi, Mpho ReginahBackground: The use of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in screening for prostate cancer remains controversial. However, in developing countries mortality from prostate cancer remains high due to lack of screening facilities such as PSA testing. Prostate specific antigen testing could be beneficial in reducing advanced prostate cancer and mortality in developing countries like South Africa. The Prostate Cancer Foundation of South Africa has issued guidelines on the use of PSA in prostate cancer screening, diagnosis and management, but we do not know how this test is used in our healthcare facilities. Aims and objectives: To describe modalities of PSA testing in screening and diagnosis of prostate cancer in terms of number of PSA test requests, patient demographic characteristics, type of health care facility (clinic versus hospital), prostate biopsy uptake and PSA level. Methods: This was a descriptive retrospective study of PSA tests done at the National Health Laboratory Services laboratory at Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital from January 2013 to December 2013. Results: 17 498 subjects had PSA tests. Of these 13 795 (79%) were done in Black African men (BA) while 3703 (21%)) in other racial groups (Others). More requests (62%) were from clinics versus than from hospitals (38%). The mean age for Black Africans (55.5 years SD (±13.3 years) was significantly lower than that of Others (62.9 years (±12.6 years, p<0.005), and median PSA level was significantly higher in Black African men from age 60 and above compared to Others (1.79 versus 1.53 μg/L, p<0.001). More Black Africans aged 60 and above had PSA level above age specific reference interval than others of the same age category (33% versus 26%, p<0.001). Only 17% of all men had a PSA above 4.00 μg/L which is the cut-off used by the National Health Laboratory Services. Of the four hundred and twenty-three men who underwent prostate biopsy, 213 (50%) had cancer. Fewer prostate biopsies were done in Black Africans than Others (2% vs. 4 % p=0.01), although Black African men were more likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer on biopsy than Others (54% vs. 43%, p=0.03). Conclusion: PSA testing is a common practice in our healthcare facilities. The numbers of PSA tests done differ by age and race of patients. Black African men had lower biopsy uptake even though they were likely to be diagnosed with prostate cancer on biopsy.Item Pathological prognostic factors in prostate cancer(1991) Cohen, Ronald JosephAdenocarcinoma of tbe prostate is the commonest cancer of the western male. Each year more than 120 000 new cases are reported in the United States alone, together with more than 26 000 deaths. Autopsy studies suggest that the majority of prostatic cancer remains clinically undetected, therefore propagating the concept of latent versus aggressive disease. [Abbreviated Abstract. Open document to view full version]