Electronic Theses and Dissertations (Masters)

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Browsing Electronic Theses and Dissertations (Masters) by Keyword "B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia"

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    A multicentre study to evaluate an in-house multiparameter immunophenotypic panel to identify precursor B-cells in the determination of measurable residual disease in paediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Nell, Zanre; Glencross, Deborah; Geel, Jennifer
    Background: Periodic assessment of measurable residual disease (MRD) is an important prognostic factor in the management of paediatric B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). Conventional polymerase chain reaction (cPCR) and multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) are well-established in MRD determination, the latter with no current optimal immunophenotypic panel by international consensus. Objective: To determine whether an in-house immunophenotypic panel containing the discriminatory CD58-FITC (cluster of differentiation; fluorescein isothiocyanate) marker compares with cPCR in the detection of paediatric B-cell ALL MRD. Methods: This prospective descriptive validation study was performed on diagnostic and follow-up bone marrow aspirate samples, comparing an in-house immunophenotypic panel against the standardised commercial ClearLLab 10CTM B-cell/myeloid cell-2 (M2) panels in MRD assessment. These findings were then compared to cPCR to determine individual panel performance and predictive power. Results: Both immunophenotypic panels demonstrated 100% concordance in the identification of the leukaemia-associated immunophenotype (LAIP) on all diagnostic samples. The in-house immunophenotypic panel showed a higher sensitivity and specificity, and greater association with cPCR in MRD assessment in follow-up samples. In combination with shared backbone markers of the ClearLLab 10CTM B-cell/M2 panels, inclusion of CD58-FITC and CD81-APC-H7 (allophycocyanin- cyanine dye) proved most informative in accurate distinction between regenerating B-cell precursors and residual leukaemic cells. Conclusion: This work confirms the findings of previous studies, where discriminatory marker CD58- FITC in combination with backbone informative markers demonstrates both superior diagnostic and monitoring utility in paediatric B-cell ALL. The in-house immunophenotypic panel offers an attractive, comparable alternative in MRD determination in this patient population whilst awaiting cPCR results, raising the possibility of earlier clinical decision-making with potential improvement of morbidity and mortality outcomes