School of Social Sciences (ETDs)

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Browsing School of Social Sciences (ETDs) by SDG "SDG-10: Reduced inequalities"

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    From Persons of Indian Origin to Overseas Citizen of India: The South African Indian diaspora and India’s economic diplomacy
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024) Moosa, Fatima; Menon, Dilip M
    The India diaspora is one of the largest in the world with around 17.9 million people from India and/or of Indian descent living around the world (Challagalla 2018, 3). A large percentage of the diaspora is situated in the Global North and the Middle East. However, South Africa has been noted as having one of the largest Indian diasporic populations (Hofmeyer and Williams 2001,14). The migration of Indian people to South Africa has taken place over different periods. The relationship that exists between the diaspora and the country of origin in the spheres of economic and development diplomacy presents an interesting research topic. This dissertation will seek to understand what role, if any, the South African Indian diaspora plays in the international political economy of India. In order to understand the relationship between the diaspora and the Indian government, this dissertation will examine the bilateral relationship between South Africa and India from 1994 until 2022. There will be a specific focus on the years 2014 until 2022 with an analysis of the relationship between the South African Indian diaspora and India. This dissertation will seek to understand whether the diasporic policies and economic diplomacy enacted by the Modi government were directed at the South African Indian diaspora, how they were received by the South African Indian mercantile community and what were the reasons for the foreign policy.
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    The impact of Covid-19 on international migration and remittances in developing countries
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2023-03-20) Zihindula, Awa; Okon, keminiabasi Eyita
    International migration from developing countries and remittances to those same countries have risen steadily over time due to various factors. Remittance is a source of income for most developing countries. Both sending and receiving countries benefit from migration. However, shocks such as natural crises, pandemics and epidemics (COVID-19 and Ebola) have devastated the economy worldwide, with a high unemployment rate and lower income. This research report aimed to study the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on migration and remittances in developing countries to establish the relationship between inflow remittances and migration outflow controlling for other factors (such as unemployment rate, internet access, economic growth and GDP growth). World Bank data and UNDESA data were used in the study. However, the developing countries were dichotomized as African and non_African countries for an in-depth analysis. The study employed multiple regression model to identify the associations between variables. Results of the study found that in African countries before and during COVID-19, there was no significant relationship between migration outflow and inflow of remittances. Furthermore, the control variables did not have an effect on the dependent variable. For non-African countries, the result shows that COVID-19 did significantly affect the relationship between inflow remittances and migration outflow; when migration outflow increases, there is a decrease in remittances inflow.
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    Violence, Chaos, and Degeneration: Analysing Unemployment and Xenophobic Conflict in South Africa, 2006–2021.
    (University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2024-02) Ndoda, Buhle; Mpofu, Sizwe Walsh
    Over the past 27 years, xenophobic conflict has overwhelmed South Africa. From “Buyelekhaya” (go back home) campaigns to “Operation Dudula” (push back), xenophobia has spread to different parts of the country, provoking social division, animosity, and a nervous condition of ‘othering’ among Black Africans. At the centre of these insurgences is the issue of unemployment in the country. Unemployment levels have seen a persistent increase in the past five years. Scholars that have examined these challenges have not settled on an opinion about the relationship between xenophobic conflict and unemployment. The reason for this lies in the intricacies and racial undertones of anti-migrant sentiments in South Africa. Xenophobia has particularly targeted Black African immigrants, probing questions about intra-Black racism and Afrophobia. Using the SP-SP model I have established, this study examines the influence of high rates of unemployment on xenophobic conflict in South Africa from the year 2006 to 2021. I draw upon secondary qualitative and quantitative data, and primary qualitative data in my analysis.