Mortality patterns and the influence of antiretroviral therapy in medical patients at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital
Date
2015-09-15
Authors
Kriel, Janie
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Abstract
South Africa has experienced an HIV epidemic that resulted in an increased population mortality rate and decreased life expectancy. Since 2007 these trends have reversed. Antiretroviral therapy has been shown to decrease mortality and increase life expectancy at a community and population level. The impact of antiretroviral therapy at a large healthcare facility level is unclear. Mortality patterns in South Africa are also changing however the method of data collection often underrepresents the burden of HIV.
Aim
To determine the mortality patterns of medical inpatients at CHBAH and to assess if improved access to antiretroviral therapy has decreased mortality and increased age at death over the period 2006 to 2009 when there was a rapid scale-up of antiretroviral therapy in the public sector.
Methods
This is a retrospective, cross-sectional study. Adult mortalities in the medical wards were reviewed between 2006 and 2009. Causes of death were ascertained by medical consultants who reviewed the patient records and results at the time of completing patient death certificates.. The annual mortality rates were determined
and deaths were analysed with respect to age at death, sex and HIV-status. Results
Data on 16020 deaths were available for analyses. The overall crude mortality rate fell significantly year on year from 113/100000 to 79/100000. The mean age at death for HIV-negative patients was 60in 2006 and showed no significant increase over the study period. The mean age at death of HIV-positive patients increased significantly year on year from 38 in 2006 to 40 years in 2009 .
The peak age category of death for HIV-positive females moved from 30-34 to 35-39 years over the study period. Peak age category at time of death in males remained unchanged at 40-49 years An estimated total of 101478 years of life were lost to HIV disease in females and 65008 years were lost in HIV-positive males during the study period . HIV, tuberculosis and pneumonia were the top three causes of death and their proportional contribution to mortality remained unchanged over the study period. Diseased associated with advanced immunosuppression such as cryptococcal meningitis and infectious diarrhoea decreased over the study period.
The mortality trends seen in this study are similar to those reported at population level. Increases in life expectancy occurred in the HIV-positive population and opportunistic infections as major contributors to death decreased, during the time that antiretroviral therapy was being escalated.
Conclusion
Improvement in mortality patterns within the HIV-positive group at the time that antiretroviral therapy was escalated suggest that cART roll-out had a positive impact on mortality at CHBAH.
Description
A research report submitted to the Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
of
Master of Medicine in the branch of Internal Medicine
Johannesburg, 2015